Isu tinoenderera mberi nekuburitsa zvega zvinhu kubva kuWPC (World Potato Congress), tichitaura nezvesangano rekugadzira mbatatisi muAfrica.
World Potato Congress ichaitwa kubva Chivabvu 31 kusvika Chikumi 3 muDublin, Ireland. Chiitiko ichi chichaunza pamwechete nyanzvi, kusanganisira vagadziri mbatata, vatengesi vezvitoro, vanopakura, vanopinza nevatengesi kunze kwenyika zvose mbeu nechikafu mbatata.
Kushomeka kwakakomba kwembeu dzemhando yepamusoro dzemhando dzine zvibereko uye dzinochinja-chinja ndicho chipingamupinyi chikuru mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi kwakanaka munyika dzemuAfrica.
Varimi vadiki vazhinji havamutsiridze mbeu yembatatisi kwemwaka yakati wandei. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave negoho rakaderera uye husina kunaka nekuda kwekuparara kwembeu.
Varimi vazhinji vanochengetedza machubhu madiki kubva muzvirimwa zvavo uye vanoashandisa sembeu, izvo zvinowedzera mukana wekutapukirwa nemavhairasi, kusanganisira ane ngozi zvikuru anoderedza goho (potato leafroll virus (PLRV) nepotato virus Y (PVY)).
Kune varimi vanoshandisa sembeu dzembatatisi dzavanotenga kubva kwadzisingazivikanwe, izvo zvinowedzera mikana yekusaparadzira utachiona chete, asiwo nekuparadzira brown rot inokonzerwa ne Ralstonia solancearum.
Vachiziva nezvenyaya iyi ine ngozi zvikuru, masangano ehurumende anotsvakurudza ruzivo, varimi vemabhizimisi, maNGOs nemasangano akazvimirira oga vari kutsigira kugadzirwa kwembeu dzemhando yepamusoro kuburikidza nembeu dziri pamutemo, dzepakati (dzinodaidzwawo kuti dzimwe nzira) uye nembeu dzisina kurongwa.
Hurongwa hwembeu huri pamutemo hunotevera mabikirwo embeu nemaitiro ekupa zvitupa ndiyo nzira yakavimbika yekuburitsa mbeu dzemhando yepamusoro. Chitupa chakaomesesa chembeu mbatatisi chinoitwa muKenya nePlant Health Inspection Service.
Zvakadaro, mhodzi dzinobva kunzvimbo iyi yepamutemo dzinovhara pasi pezvikamu zvishanu kubva muzana zvezvinodiwa nenyika. Dzinodhura, varimi havazvikwanisi, uye mari yekudzitakura munyika yose yakakwirawo.
Imwe nzira kana yepakati yembeu yembatatisi ine zvese zviri pamutemo uye zvisina kurongeka, uye kugadzirwa kunowanzo kuswedera pedyo nevarimi. Iyi sisitimu inotevedzera Hunhu Yakaziviswa Mbeu (QDS), asi maitiro anogona kusiyana nenyika.
Mbeu yerudzi urwu (alternative system) inogadzirwa nevarimi vakadzidzira kutengeserana, macooperatives nevamwe varimi vadiki vepamusoro. Vanowanzo tora mhodzi dzekutanga kubva kunzvimbo dzekutsvagisa (official system) uyezve vanogovera mbeu kuti vawane huwandu maererano nemitemo yeQDS. Zvinhu zvakagamuchirwa zvinotariswa nevaongorori vehurumende, semuenzaniso, muEthiopiya. Asi mbeu dzakadai dzinogona kubatwa nebrown rot kana ivhu repapurazi rikabatwa neutachiona. Nehurombo, izvi hazvisi nyore kuti vataridzi vaone, nekuti vanongoita ongororo yekuona.
Kuti tiite hurongwa hwakavimbika hwekugadzirwa kwembeu dzemhando yepamusoro kuti uwedzere goho remasystem maviri ataurwa pamusoro, kuwanikwa kwembeu dzakachena mhodzi chinhu chinodiwa. Nyika zhinji muAfrica, kunyanya Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania neUganda, dzine zvivakwa zvekutanga, zvinosanganisira marabhoritari etsika, aeroponics uye magreenhouse anoburitsa ma minitubers akachena kubva mumiti ye vitro.
Mune dzimwe dzenyika idzi, kuiswa kweaeroponic hakushandiswe zvishoma nekuda kwekudzimwa kwemagetsi nguva dzose uye kushomeka kwekudya. Pamusoro pezvo, zviri pachena kuti pane mukana wekuparadzira brown rot nembeu yechizvarwa chekutanga, sezvo kuongororwa kwepathogen iyi padanho rega rega rekugadzirwa kwembeu hakuna kunyatsoitwa.
Zvisinei neizvi zvese, mamwe maitiro mukugadzirwa kwembeu dzemhando yepamusoro anokurudzira, semuenzaniso, Kisima Farm inogadzira mbatatisi yembeu munzvimbo inosvika mahekita mazana maviri pagore, kugadzirwa uku kunosimbiswa zviri pamutemo sekuchena. KuEthiopia, mishandirapamwe yakawanda uye vamwe varimi vekutengesa vanogadzirawo QDS inogamuchirika.
Kisima Farm ndiyo hombe yakasimbiswa inogadzira mbeu yembatatisi muKenya, ichipa zvingangoita makumi manomwe neshanu muzana embeu dzakasimbiswa dzembatatisi dziri kuwanikwa munyika. Kambani iyi inogadzira mbatatisi dzembeu dzinofarirwa nevarimi, dzinonyanya kugadzirwa neKALRO / CIP, pamwe ne HZPC.
Inogamuchira matani anopfuura zviuru zvina zvembatatisi gore rega rega, iyo 4000% yembeu ine saizi ye75-28 mm (saizi 45) uye 1-45 mm (saizi 60). Kugadzirwa kunotanga ne in vitro zvidyarwa zvakatengwa kubva kuGTIL uye Stokmen Rozen, izvo zvinorimwa nemhepo kuti zvigadzire ma minitubers, ayo anozogadziriswa kusvika pachiyero chakakodzera muvhu rakachena.
Varimi vadiki vazhinji vakatanga kurima zvemhando yepamusoro kubva kumbeu ine certified, idzo vanotenga kuKisima Farm votengesera vamwe varimi. Varimi ava vaita mari yakawanda sezvo goho rembatatisi rakwira nechikamu chinosvika makumi matanhatu kubva muzana, izvo zvaita kuti mari iwande.