Boris Anisimov: NDINOTARIRA NETARIRO MUZVO ZVICHAITIKA RUSSIAN POTATO KURIMA!
Boris Vasilyevich Anisimov musayendisiti akakurumbira weRussia mumunda wekusarudza mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwembeu, mumwe wevanonyanya kuremekedzwa mune ino indasitiri.
Iine zvitupa zvegumi nematanhatu zvemvumo nekwaniso yesarudzo. ndiye anovandudza mapurojekiti manomwe ehurumende, epakati uye eindasitiri emhando yembeu mbatatisi, munyori wezvinyorwa zvinopfuura mazana maviri. Muna 18 akasarudzwa kuve nhengo izere yeRussia Academy ye Natural Sayenzi (REN). Vakapihwa chiyeuchidzo nemenduru yesirivha. N.I. Vavilov (7). Vakapihwa mazita ekuti "Anokudzwa Mushandi weRussia Agro-Industrial Complex" uye "Anokudzwa Mushandi wezvekurima weRepublic of North Ossetia-Alania".
Kwemakore mazhinji anga ari mushandi weFederal Research Center im. A.G. Lorkha. Muzana ramakore zana resangano iri resainzi, takabvunza Boris Vasilyevich kuti agovane nevaverengi vepepanhau ruzivo rwegwara rake musainzi.
- Boris Vasilyevich, zvakaitika sei kuti iwe usunge ramangwana rako nezvekurima?
- Ndakakurira kuSakhalin, mutaundi diki reOkha. Paive pano kuti muma30s vabereki vangu vakatumirwa kunogariswa kubva kudunhu rePenza.
Mushure mekupedza chikoro, vabereki vangu vakandiendesa ku "mainland" kuti ndikwanise kuenda kukoreji. Saka muna Chikumi 1954 ndakaguma natete vangu muStavropol ndikatanga kugadzirira kupinda muStavropol Agricultural Institute.
Uku kwaive kusarudza nemaune kwebasa rako remangwana? Zvingangodaro kwete. Paive nemayunivhesiti matatu muStavropol: zvekurapa (zvakakurumbira), dzidziso uye zvekurima. Makwikwi madiki aive eiyo agronomic fakitori yeiyo yekurima Institute - 9 vanhu nzvimbo. Uye ini ndakaenda "kuna agronomists". Asi ini ndinogona kutaura kuti ndaitaura chokwadi: iyo Stavropol Agricultural Institute yaive nemukurumbira mumakore iwayo nekuda kwetsika dzayo dzekare, masayendisiti anozivikanwa ezvekurima akatungamira madhipatimendi akakosha pane iyo agronomic fakaroti. Uye zvakare, iyo Stavropol Territory ndiyo yainyanya kurima.
- Ko rudo rwako rwembatatisi rwakatanga panguva yako yekudzidza?
- Kwete, gare gare. Iyo nyaya refu zvakadaro. Ndagamuchira diploma yangu, ndakaendeswa kunoshanda kuKalmykia. Ikoko ndakashanda kwenguva yakati semusoro weSarpinsky interdistrict dziviriro yemiti.
Ndinoyeuka marwenga asingagumi, "dutu dema jecha" mumwaka wemhepo ine simba, mafashama emvura ane matete etsanga, uko huwandu hukuru hwemhashu dzakatsemuka nekuumbika. Kwemakore matatu basa rangu raive rekuronga kurwisa mhashu, mbeva-dzakaita sembeva, tsindi dzepasi, dzaive dzakawanda kwazvo panguva iyoyo. Uye zvakazoitika kuti ini ndakaenda kunzvimbo yePskov, kuVelikie Luki Agricultural Institute yekudzidzira zvemberi nehunyanzvi hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza miti. Mushure mekutambira diploma yake, akazova mubatsiri mubazi rezvekurima uye chirimwa chirimwa kuVelikie Luki Agricultural Institute, akadzidzisa vadzidzi vefekitori yekudzivirira fekitori kosi yezvekurima uye akashanda munzvimbo iyi kwemakore mashanu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, akaita ongororo pasi pechirongwa chakabvumiranwa neVIZR, uye akaronga kugadzirira dzidziso pamusoro pezviyero zvekurwisa masora muzvirimwa zveshuga uye fodya beet. Asi munguva pfupi fashoni yekurimwa kweshuga beet yakapfuura, kunyanya sezvo mumamiriro enharaunda yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwechirimwa ichi uye zvaisagona kuvapo. Nekudaro, dissertation haina kutora nzvimbo. Uye zvino ini nemukadzi wangu (aishanda muDhipatimendi rekugadzira mbeu) takasarudza kupinda muchidzidzo chenguva yakazara kuInstitute of Potato Economy (IKH). Panguva iyoyo tanga tatova nemakore makumi maviri nemasere ekuberekwa.
Munguva yezvidzidzo zvangu zvekupedza kudzidza (1967-1969), mukati megadziriro yechirongwa changu chekupedza kudzidza chakabvumidzwa neChikamiro cheKanzuru, ndakaita ongororo yehunyanzvi pamwe nechido chikuru muDhipatimendi rePhysology uye Biochemistry ndichitungamirwa nemumwe musayendisiti ane mukurumbira, Chiremba weBiological Sayenzi David Vladimirovich Lipets. Panguva iyoyo, aishanda mumunda webhayoroji yekuchengetedza hutachiona, uyezve ndaigara ndichidada nekuve wangu kuchikoro chesainzi.
Ndezvipi zvaive zvinangwa kumashure kwekuchinja kwakakosha munzira yekufambisa basa rangu resainzi? Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mushure mekupedza zvidzidzo zvangu zvepamusoro uye nekubudirira kudzivirira chinyorwa changu, ndakaendeswa kuUlyanovsk chiteshi chekuyedza cheNIIKH, kwandakatora chinzvimbo chemutevedzeri wemukuru wesainzi basa. Pachiteshi, basa rakakura uye rakabudirira rakaitwa pane yakasarudzwa uye yekutanga kugadzirwa kwembeu yemhando yekutanga Volzhanin, Volzhsky, Ulyanovsky, yakagadzirwa nemuridzi anozivikanwa Lezhepekov kune mamiriro eMiddle Volga dunhu. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, ndakatanga kuita zvehunyanzvi mukusarudza mbatatisi nekugadzira mbeu.
- Uye akazopfuurira nebasa iri semushandi weInstitute of Potato Farming?
Hongu, pakupera kwa1972, ndakadzokera kuchikoro uye munguva pfupi ndakasarudzwa semutungamiriri wedhipatimendi rekugadzira mbeu, uyezve mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wesangano iri nekupihwa mabasa ekuvandudza kwesainzi nekuvandudza kadhiinari yehurongwa hwese hwekugadzira mbatatisi yeRussia.
- Zvinozivikanwa kuti iwe une ruzivo mune zvekune dzimwe nyika basa. Iwe wakagadzira mbatatisi inokura mu Africa ...
Mumazuva iwayo, vatungamiriri vechidiki vakaiswa munzvimbo yekuchengetedza dhipatimendi rekurima reCentral Committee yeCPSU. Uye rimwe zuva iyo yakachengetwa "yakapfura".
Ndakashevedzwa ndikaudzwa, sezvainge zvajairwa panguva iyoyo: "Pane fungidziro yekukutumira kunoshanda kunze kwenyika semukuru wesangano repasi rose resainzi phytopathology, rakagadzirwa pachishandiswa Chibvumirano cheIntergovernmental pakati peUSSR nenyika yeAfrica iri kusimukira yeEthiopia." Muchokwadi, yaive nzvimbo yemazuva ano (nenzira, ichiripo nanhasi), yakagadzirirwa nesainzi uye tekinoroji yazvino.
Isu takaumba nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuunganidza, kwataiita kuongororwa kwemajoni emazana nemazana ezviuru zvakawanikwa pahwaro hwezvibvumirano zvekudyidzana nenzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzekutsvagisa dzemapoka akasiyana ezvirimwa, kusanganisira iyo International Center for Potato (CIP, Peru), yezviyo uye gorosi ( CIMIT, Mexico), yemapulses (ICARDO, Aleppo, Syria), uye iyo Plant Genetic Resources Center (PGRC, FRG) muAddis Ababa.
Kunyanya kunakidza uye kwakakosha kwatiri kwaive iro basa raive rakanangana nekuzviparadzanisa kwetsika dzakachena dzehutachiona uye kuferefetwa kwerudzi rwevamiririri vevazhinji vembatatisi yekupedzisira blight, iyo yakaumbwa panguva yekunaya mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana siyana ezvirimwa zve nightshade uye hama dzadzo dzesango kwemazana emakore.
kukura muhuwandu hukuru munyika. Zvekukosha zvakanyanya zvaive zviitiko zvedu pakudzidza kwezvirwere zvengura zvezvirimwa zvezviyo, septoria, bacteriosis uye phytopathogenic hutachiona muCentral Africa.
- Uye mushure mekufamba kwako kwebhizimusi muAfrica, wakatarisana nematambudziko esainzi yenyika zvakare?
Pakupera kwa1986, ndakadzokera kuNIIKH ndikashanda semutevedzeri mukuru director weNGOO yekurima mbatatisi, mukuru weVNIIKH nzvimbo yekuberekera.
Uye pakatanga shanduko huru munyika munharaunda yekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri, ndakapihwa mukana wekuenda kuCentral Office ye Ministry of Agriculture and Food semutevedzeri wemukuru weDain Directorate yeCrop Production - mukuru wePotato neMuriwo Zvirimwa Zvirimwa mukati meDhipatimendi reZvirimwa. Yakanga iri nguva iyi, nerutsigiro rwe Ministry of Agriculture yeRussia, izvo zvikamu zvesainzi uye zvehunyanzvi zvirongwa uye makuru emabhizimusi epamabhizinesi mapurojekiti ekuvandudza indasitiri iri kukura indasitiri mumamiriro ekuchinja kuenda kumusika wehupfumi mune yeRussia agro-maindasitiri yakaoma yakatangwa uye ikabudirira kuitiswa.
- Ndeapi mapurojekiti epanguva iyoyo aunorangarira seanonyanya kukosha uye anonakidza?
t 1 Zvinotaridza kwandiri kuti mhedzisiro inoshanda panguva iyoyo yakawanikwa mukuitwa kwechirongwa chakatangwa naA. Chuenko (JSC "Doka", Zelenograd). Iyo purojekiti yaive yakanangana nekusimudzira kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri ehutachiona husina hutachiwana hwekugadzira mhodzi yemutatamuka. Kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukuvandudza matekinoroji ekugadzira mbatatisi kumatunhu eRussia akawanikwawo mukati mehurongwa hwePurogiramu yakatenderwa neHurumende yeRussia Federation, yakagadziriswa pachirongwa che LLC Management uye Production Systems (inotungamirwa naLV Orlova, Samara).
Ini handigoni asi kutaura chirongwa chekugadzira genetically engineered mbatatisi dzakasiyana dzinopesana neColorado mbatata bete pachinzvimbo cheCentre for Bioengineering yeRussia Academy yeSainzi iri pasi pehutungamiriri hweAcademician weRussia Academy yeSainzi K.G. Scriabin. Nekutora chikamu kwemunyori wangu, mhando nhatu dzakatumirwa bvunzo dzehurumende, dzakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo uye dzakachengetedzwa nemvumo uye zvitupa zvekodzero
Panguva imwecheteyo, chirongwa chepasirese "Tassis", chakapihwa mari neEuropean Bank yeReconstruction uye Development (EBRD), chakaitwa zvakabudirira, mukati mehurongwa hwekuti mana marabhoritari ekuongorora matunhu akagadzirwa uye akashongedzerwa muMoscow, Leningrad, Samara matunhu uye Udmurt Republic. Mune chirongwa ichi, ndakaita senge nyanzvi kubva kudivi reRussia.
- Asi danho rinotevera reiyo biography raive richiri basa resainzi
Mu2004, ndakave Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weKutsvaga kuNIIKH uye ndakashanda munzvimbo iyi kweanopfuura makore gumi (kusvika 2016). Yese nguva iyi chikoro chaitungamirwa naEvgeny Alekseevich Simakov.
Ipapo akakwanisa kubatanidza kuedza kwemajini uye vanotungamira vafudzi (IM Yashina, NP Sklyarova, Kh.Kh. Apshev, A.A. Meleshin, A.A. Mityushkin, A.A. Zhuravlev, V.A. Zharova, S. Kirsanov, V.A. Biryukova, nevamwe) uye vanoona kufambira mberi kwakakosha kunogadzira mhando nyowani dzinovimbisa dzakasiyana siyana dzinoshandiswa, neyakaomarara mamiriro ehupfumi, kuwedzerwa kwevatengi hunhu uye akasiyana siyana ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu kumatunhu eRussia.
Zviri nerutendo rukuru kuti panguva yekushanda kwedu pamwe naE. Simakov nevamwe vake, ndakave nemukana wekutora chikamu chemunyori mukugadzira mhando nyowani dzinovimbisa Violet (2014), Fritella (2016), Gulliver (2019), Sineglazka (2019), Sadon (2019), nezvimwe.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuedza kwangu kukuru panguva iyoyo kwaive kwakanangana nekusimudzira nekuvandudza masisitimu ekugadzira mbeu. Nzvimbo dzakanyanya kukoshesa dzekutsvagisa dzaive: kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji inoshanda kwazvo yekuwana uye kugadziridza micropropagation yezvakatanga mu vitro zvinhu uye kugadzirwa kweBhangi reZvirimwa zveMbatatisi (BZSC) (mukubatana pamwe naEV Oves nevamwe vatinoshanda navo). Kunyanya kutarisirwa kwakabhadharwa kukudziridzwa kwetsika uye mamwe matekinoroji ekukudziridza minitubers (basa rakabatana naO. Khutinaev), kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekutsigira kuberekesa, izvo zvinonzi pre-marudzi (anovimbisa mahybrids akaendeswa kuHurumende Miedzo), pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwekutanga kugadzirwa kwembeu uye nehurongwa hunobudirira hwekudzora kwemhando yepamusoro uye kubvumidzwa kwembeu. mbatatisi pamwe chete neVN Zeyruk (dhipatimendi redziviriro), AI Uskov, Yu.A. Varitsev (Dhipatimendi reByotechnology uye Immunodiagnostics), S.M. Yurlova (rabhoritari yembeu sainzi).
- Boris Vasilievich, rega iwe pasi mhedzisiro yacho, chokwadi, kutanga. Asi zvakadaro: wauya kure kure nzira, wagona zvakawanda. Iwe unogutsikana nemhedzisiro iwe yawakagamuchira?
Pakanga paine zvinhu zvakanaka zvakawanda uye yakawanda yakaoma nguva uye mamiriro muhupenyu nebasa. Asi mumhuri medu haisi tsika kutsamwira Mwari kana kunyunyuta nezveramangwana.
Hwedu hukuru hunosimbisa hupenyu hwagara hwakave chirevo: Usamborega moyo! Usatonga chero munhu! Usatsamwisa chero munhu! Uye gara uchibata vanhu vatinotaurirana navo nerukudzo nerukudzo.
Parizvino, ini ndinoramba ndichishanda semupi wezano kuna director we A.G. Lorkh "Sergei Valentinovich Zhevora, pamwe nemusoro weirabhoritari yekusiyana kwemazita uye ndiye chipangamazano wezvesainzi vevamwe vangu vadiki Sergei Zebrin naIrina Gracheva, vatinoshanda navo pamwe chete kuongorora phenotypic yekuzivikanwa kwemhando dzakasiyana uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvehunhu hwepakutanga mbeu nenzira yekudzora ivhu remhando dzemaminitubers. munda chizvarwa kubva ku minitubers, super-super-elite yemarudzi matsva uye anovimbisa marudzi akagadzirwa munzvimbo yekuberekesa yeVNIIKH.
Ndine tariro nezveramangwana rembatatisi yedu yekuRussia inokura uye ndinotarisira kuti basa rangu patsika dzembatatisi harina kupfuura pasina kana chiratidzo.