Kunonoka blight kana chirwere chembatatisi chakaonekwa mukutanga 40s yezana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. Yakatanga kunyoreswa muna 1844. Munhoroondo yokunonoka kwechirwere ichi, kwaiva nemafungu maviri okutama kubva kuMexico kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Yokutanga, muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. - uku ndiko kuiswa kwetsaona kweimwe (kana kuti akati wandei) yakakonzera denda re40s muEurope. Yechipiri wave inotangira kuma80s.
Mipata iri mumakomo eMexico inonzi inzvimbo yekuzvarwa yembatatisi phytophthora, uko kune akawanda emusango nightshade marudzi (kusanganisira tuber-forming ones) anokura.
Kazhinji, kudzidza kwefungal biology Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary yakatanga pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19. MuRussia, mapurofesa S. I. Rostovtsev naL. I. Kursanov vaiva pakati pevokutanga kubatsira pakudzidza kwefungus iyi. Wokutanga akanyora monograph hombe pamusoro downy mildews uye utachiona hwavo - peronospore fungi. Pakati pavo, akafunga P. infestans.
Shanduko dzakakomba mubhayoroji yepathogen yakaitika mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakakonzera kuwedzera kweiyo ecological plasticity, kuchinjika uye hukasha zvinhu. "New" huwandu hwevanhu P. infestans inosanganisira ese ari maviri marudzi ekuenderana pabonde - A1 uye A2. Pakutanga, mhando yeA2 yaiwanikwa muCentral Mexico chete, iyo inoonekwa sepakati pekubva P. infestans. Vanhu "vatsva" vakawana kugona kuberekana pabonde. Somugumisiro, kuwanda kwekudzokorora kwakawedzera P. infestans, uye zvakave zvichibvira kuumba zvepabonde kuzorora spores - oospores, inokwanisa overwintering muvhu pamarara emiti. Huwandu hwemazuva ano hwakasiyana kubva kune "yekare" mune yakakwirira genetic kusiyana uye inomiririrwa zvakanyanya nemarudzi akaomarara.
Machubhu ane phytophthora anogara kwenguva pfupi munguva yechando; kuora kwakaoma kunokurumidza kukura pamachubhu akadaro uye phytophthora kuora kunova kushoma. Kunyanya kunobva phytophthora machubhu ane utachiona anoshandiswa sekudyara uye machubhu ane chirwere mumunda mushure mekukohwa.
Rondedzero yezvinyorwa zvakashandiswa:
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3. Zakutnova V.I., Pilipenko N.V., Zakutnova E.B. Nhoroondo yekudzidza phytophthora yevhu rakavharwa mukuita kwenyika uye Russia // Astrakhan Bulletin yeEcological Education. 2013. Nhamba 2 (24). mapeji 137-141.
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