Nyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu", chikuru muRussia anogadzira makemikari ekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa (CPPP), akaongorora mutemo wekunyora wakapihwa kuHurumende Duma weRussian Federation wakanangana nekusimbisa kutonga kwehurumende pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals. Mabasa ekutarisa kupinza, kutengesa, kushandisa uye kurasa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvakarongwa kudzoserwa kuRosselkhoznadzor. Muna 2011, dhipatimendi rakatorerwa masimba aya, asi panguva imwe chete iwo haana kuendeswa kune chero munhu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kweanoda kusvika makore gumi, hapana kana rimwe chete manejimendi rinotungamira rakaongorora "mumunda" kuongorora kutevedza mutemo wekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, uyezve haina kutarisa kuumbwa kwemishonga inopinzwa kunze kwenyika. Iwo magadziriso akaitwa kumutemo akagadzirirwa kurwisa kupinza, kutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemanyepo emishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals zvinokanganisa agro-indasitiri yakaoma, hunhu uye hutano hwevanhu.
Muna Gumiguru 2020, Hurumende yeRussia yakaendesa kuHurumende Duma bhiri rinopa kuomesa kwakanyanya kwekutonga pamusoro pekupararira kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye maagrochemicals munyika. Izvo zvakarongwa kuti masimba akakodzera achapihwa muRosselkhoznadzor. Dhipatimendi rakatoita zvekutonga munzvimbo ino kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 1, 2011. Nekudaro, iyo yazvino vhezheni yeFederal Law No. 109-FZ "Pamabatiro Akachengeteka Emishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye Agrochemicals" hazvireve kudzora kutenderera kwavo kungave neRosselkhoznadzor kana nemamwe masangano anotarisira, zvinoonekwa mune inotsanangurwa tsamba kune bhiri.
"Kugadzirwa kwemumba kweCPPP kuri munzvimbo yekutarisirwa nevatariri, asi zvigadzirwa zvinounzwa kunze hazviitwe nekutonga kwakadaro: vanotarisa tsika kuti vaone kana zvese zviri mugwara nemagwaro, asi hapana anotarisa kuti kuumbwa kwechinhu chakapinzwa kunoenderana here nezvinoziviswa mazviri," anodaro. Vladimir Alginin, Mutevedzeri Mukuru Director weJSC Firm "Nyamavhuvhu" yezvenyaya dzakawanda. - Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ari kukura mumunda wekushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals. Hapana kana chiremera chevatariri nhasi chakapihwa mvumo yekuongorora kutevedza nemirawu yekushandiswa kweCPSP. Iwo anoshandiswa nemazvo nenzira yesosi yavo kana kuwanda kwekurapwa, pakupedzisira inoramba iri muhana yevarimi. Uye mhedzisiro yekukanganisa uye nekuregeredza zvinokanganisa mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, uye mhando yezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, uye hutano hwevanhu. Kana iri kutonga pamusoro penzvimbo yekutengesa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals, nhasi iri mukwaniso yeRospotrebnadzor nemapurisa. Nekudaro, tichifunga nezve huwandu hwakawanda hwemabasa avanofanira kuita, basa redare rakasarudzika rinomiririrwa naRosselkhoznadzor, iro rine zvivakwa zvevarabhoritari zvinodiwa nevashandi vane hunyanzvi, rinoratidzika kunge rairo yehukuru hunoshanda mukugadzirisa dambudziko riri kutariswa.
Iyo nyowani vhezheni yeChinyorwa 15 cheFederal Law No. 109-FZ yakagadzirirwa kubvisa "nzvimbo dzakatsvuka" dzakadai sekutonga: zvinoenderana nazvo, manejimendi anogona kuitiswa zvese munzvimbo dzekugadzira uye kunzvimbo dzekutengesa, kuchengetedza, kushandisa, kutapudza, kurasa, kuparadza, kuviga mishonga yezvipembenene. uye / kana agrochemicals. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende, vanozobvumidzwa kushandisa manejimendi akadaro, vanofanirwa kupihwa simba rekukumbira magwaro anodiwa kubva kuvagari, masangano epamutemo nezviremera zvematanho akasiyana, kushanyira nzvimbo dzese dzine chekuita nekutenderera kwemishonga yezvipembenene - kubva mukugadzira uye matura kusvika kuminda nenzvimbo dzekuviga, tora zvisarudzo pakurambidzwa kwekupinza munharaunda yeRussian Federation zvinhu zvinotakura mishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals uye zvinounza zvikwereti zvemubhadharo wekukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nharaunda nekuvabata zvisirizvo. Bhiri iri zvakare rinopa kutemerwa neHurumende yeRussia nzvimbo dzekutarisa dzakatarisana nemuganhu wenyika iyo inotumirwa mishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals. Vakuru vekutarisira vachapihwa simba rekushanda munzvimbo idzi.
Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti shanduko mumutemo ichawedzera kurwisa mishonga yekunyepedzera uye yekunyepedzera yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals. Zviremera zvevatariri vanozokwanisa kuvaziva pamatanho ese ekutenderera - kubva kune kunze kusvika pakushandisa. Mutsamba inotsanangudza bhiri, zvakaitwa kare munzvimbo ino zvinoonekwa: Muna 14, zviuru mazana makumi matatu nemazana matatu emishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals zvakaongororwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhema dzakaburitsa matani 2010 emishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye zviuru mazana matatu nezviuru mazana matatu zvemakemikari. Parizvino, zvidzidzo zvakadaro hazviitwe padanho remubatanidzwa muRussia Federation ".
Panguva imwecheteyo, musika wemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals muRussia uri kukura - semuenzaniso, huwandu hwekutengesa kweCPPP munyika kwemakore gumi hwave huchiwedzera neinenge 11% pagore, iyo ingangoita kakapetwa kana kupfuura chiyero chekukura kwepasirese. Vanogadzira dzimba, vachitarisa pane goho repamusoro, vari kuunza matekinoroji ekurima, vachiwedzera huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakarimwa uye kuwanda kwekurapa. Tichifunga nezvezviitiko izvi, kuve nechokwadi chekutarisirwa kwakanaka kwekuchengetedzeka kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka uye agrochemicals iri kuve imwe yemamiriro akakosha ekuchengetedza chikafu chenyika. "Bazi rezvekurima reRussia neRosselkhoznadzor vanogara vachitambira mafomu pazvinhu zvinokuvadza hutano hwevagari, zvipfuyo, mapurazi ega ega, sosi dzemvura nekuda kwekusadzora mashandisirwo emishonga yekuuraya zvipuka," inodaro tsananguro inotsanangurwa kubhiri iri.
“Mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, nekuda kwekuita kwavo kukuru, inokonzeresa kune vanhu uye nharaunda. Naizvozvo, kutenderera kwavo kunofanirwa kuve kwakaomerwa kwazvo. Mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka yekunyepedzera inotyisidzira zvakanyanya: kutaura zvazviri, hazvizivikanwe, hapana akaidzidza - kusiyana nekuumbwa kwemishonga yakapasa kunyoreswa kwenyika uye yakatenderwa kushandiswa, anodaro Vladimir Alginin. - Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kunyangwe kusiana kudiki mukuumbwa kunogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kwakanyanya kune huturu hwechirwere. Zvasara zviyero zvekunyepedzera zvipembenene muzvikafu zvine njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu. Yakashata mhando mishonga yezvipembenene inokuvadza zvirimwa, uye mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa zvirimwa kwemakore akati wandei. Zvisikwa zviri kutyisidzirwa - mamiriro evhu uye pasi pevhu zviri kudzikira, mhuka nemhuka zviri kutambura ”.
Zvinoenderana nedatha kubva kumatunhu, anouya kuRussia Union yeCPPP Vagadziri, mugove wemishonga yekunyepera unosiyana kubva pa15% kusvika ku30% yehuwandu hwehuwandu, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe zvimwe. 85-90% yezvose zvekunyepedzera zvinotengeswa munyika dzeEEEU kubva kuChina neIndia. Dzimwe nguva ivo vanounzwa pasi pasi pechiratidzo chemimwe michina - semuenzaniso, sipo. Kana mushonga unounzwa kunze uine chitupa chekunyoreswa muRussia, izvi hazvitomboiti mamiriro ese chivimbo chehunhu. Iyi itsika yakajairika pamusika kana mugadziri achipa chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro chekunyoresa bvunzo (chinowanzo gadzirwa nekambani yakavimbika uye yakatobvumidzwa kushandiswa). Uye mushure mekuedzwa kwakabudirira, pasi pechirevo chemuti wemhando yepamusoro, chinhu chine chimiro chisingazivikanwe chinotumirwa munyika. Bhiri idzva rinopa kusikwa kweiyo system sisitimu yekutsvaga kwekutora mishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals mune ramangwana, iko kusungirwa kupinda mune ino sisitimu yeruzivo nezve ivo, pamwe nezve nezve zviitiko zvine chekuita nekutora kwavo.
Zvichienderana nezvakabuda mukufungidzirwa kwebhiri neKanzuru yeHurumende Duma, zvakakurudzirwa kuti zviiswe pachirongwa chekutanga chechikamu chematsutso.
Zvinyorwa zvinopihwa nevekutsikirira sevhisi yekambani "Nyamavhuvhu"