Sergey Banadysev, Chiremba wezvekurima Sayenzi, SGC DokaGene
Yakakwira yekugadzira zviyero chinhu chakasiyana chakakosha mukuchengetedza kunoshanda kwembatatisi. Bhizinesi rinofanirwa kuve nemirau yakasimba yekushanda panguva dzakasiyana siyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekushambidzika nguva dzose panguva yekuchengetedza. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti utore chitupa mune yakanaka kuchengetedza hutsanana maitiro. Ongororo yakaitwa mune iyi kesi inobatsira kuona matambudziko mukusangana kwakakosha zvinodiwa maererano nehutsanana uye mamiriro emidziyo uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvachose. Ongororo iyi zvakare inosimbisa kuwanikwa kwemagwaro ekugadzirisa akakosha marudzi ebasa (Tab. Poshi).
Tafura 1. Maitiro ekuongorora huwandu hwehutsanana mukuchengetedza mbatatisi
Indicator | ||
1. | Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inocheneswa uye inochengetwa nenzira kwayo. EHE/Kwete 5/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
2. | Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inocheneswa uye inoiswa disinfected isati yashandiswa. EHE/Kwete 5/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
3. | Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza yakaparadzaniswa zvakakwana kana yakaparadzaniswa kubva pakusvibiswa kwekunze. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
4. | Nzvimbo iri pedyo nenzvimbo yekuchengetera inocheneswa uye inochengetwa nenzira kwayo. EHE/Kwete 5/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
5. | Uriri hwekuchengetedza hunogara hwakaoma. HONGU/Kwete 5/0 | |
6. | Nzvimbo yekugadzira chigadzirwa inodzivirirwa kubva kutsvina kana mvura yepamusoro nezvipingamupinyi kana kureba kwakakwana. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
7. | Kuvepo kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa / kuraswa kwezvinhu zvisiri-standard. EHE/NO 15/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
8. | Kuvepo kwemaitiro ekugadzirisa/kurasa tsvina netsvina. EHE/NO 15/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
9. | Midziyo yekuputira inochengetwa maererano nemitemo uye inodzivirirwa kubva pakusvibiswa (shiri, makonzo, zvipembenene, nezvimwewo) HONGU/NO 10/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa yakakodzera. | |
10. | Pallets, mabhokisi, maketeni, nezvimwe zvakachena, zviri mumamiriro akanaka uye hazviunze zvinhu zvekunze muchigadzirwa. EHE/Kwete 5/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
11. | Chigadzirwa chakachengetwa kunze mumarori, mabhini, midziyo kana pasi muhuwandu chakavharwa uye chinodzivirirwa kubva pakusvibiswa. EHE/NO 10/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
12. | Zvinhu zvisiri zvekudya zvakaita sependi, mafuta ekuzora, mishonga yezvipembenene, nezvimwewo hazvina kuchengetwa padhuze nezvigadzirwa. EHE/NO 10/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
13. | Mechanical midziyo inoshandiswa panguva yekuchengetedza yakachena uye inodzivirira kusvibiswa kwechigadzirwa. EHE/Kwete 5/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
14. | Matanho ari kutorwa kubatsira kusabvisa tupukanana (twupukanana, makonzo) kubva mudura YES/NO 10/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinovimbisa izvi. | |
15. | Kuwanikwa kwechirongwa chekudzivirira zvipembenene munzvimbo yekuchengetedza. EHE\Kwete 10/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinotsigira. | |
16. | Madziro emukati, pasi uye sirin’i zviri muchimiro chakanaka uye hazvina tsvina kana makatsemuka. HONGU/Kwete 5/0 | |
17. | Mvura yekunwa inoshandiswa kutonhodza/kunyorovesa zvigadzirwa. EHE/NO 10/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinotsigira. | |
18. | Kuvepo kwemitemo yakanyorwa yekuchengetedza pane bhizinesi. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
19. | Basa rebasa renyanzvi yekuchengetedza. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
20. | Makamuri ekuchengetera anotariswa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuenderana neyakagadzika tembiricha uye humidity mamiriro. EHE/NO 10/0. Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
21. | Thermometers uye psychrometers inoedzwa kuti ichokwadi. EHE/NO 5/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinotsigira. | |
22. | Pane condensation pachigadzirwa, madziro, uye sirin'i. HERE/HONGU, 15/0 | |
23. | Firiji condensate haisanganisi nechigadzirwa. Iyo firiji system iri kushanda nemazvo. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
24. | Midziyo yefiriji (condensers, mafeni, nezvimwewo) inochengetwa uye inocheneswa pane yakarongwa. EHE/NO 10/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinovimbisa izvi here? | |
25. | Kugadziriswa kwechigadzirwa mukuchengetedza kunoitwa mukutevedzera hurumende uye kutonga kwekukuvadza. EHE/NO 15/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
26. | Kusati kwatanga kurodha, motokari dziri mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera (akachena, muhutano hwakanaka hwekushanda, pasina kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi). EHE/NO 10/0 Pane mitemo yakanyorwa inoenderana. | |
27. | Iyo kambani yakanyora mirairo yevatakuri uye mota pakuchengetedza yakapihwa tembiricha panguva yekufambisa. Mitemo inoratidza kutonhora kwekutumira uye kunoonekwa. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
28. | Mota dzinoiswa kuti dzideredze kukuvara kwechigadzirwa. HONGU/Kwete 5/0 | |
29. | Nzvimbo dzevashandi (makamuri ekukiyira, kudya kwemasikati uye nzvimbo dzekuzorora, nezvimwewo) dzakachena uye dziri kure nenzvimbo yekuchengetera, yekufambisa, uye yekugamuchira. EHE/NO 10/0 | |
30. | Zvinyorwa zvinochengetwa zvichiratidza kunobva chigadzirwa chinouya uye kwainobuda chigadzirwa, izvo zvinoita kuti batch chaiyo inyatsozivikanwa uye kuteverwa. EHE/NO 10/0 Pane zvinyorwa zvinovimbisa izvi here? | |
31. | Zvose zviyero zvekuongorora | |
32. | Maximum inogoneka mapoinzi = 265 | |
33. | Chiyero chekutevedzera (31:32) |
Chiyero chehutsanana chekuchengetedza chinoongororwa sechakanakisa kana coefficient yekuteerera iri pamusoro pe0,9, yakanaka - pamusoro pe0,8, inogutsa - pamusoro pe0,7.
Kukohwa nguva dzose, kuchenesa uye kuuraya utachiona kunogona kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvembatatisi.
Mbatatisi pathogens dzinoramba dzichishanda mukuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba. Midziyo yekuchengetera uye imba yekuchengetera pachayo inoshanda sematanho ehungi hunokuvadza, mabhakitiriya, zvipembenene, nematodes uye mhodzi dzemasora. Vanopararira kubva ku tuber kuenda kune tuber, munda kuenda kumunda pamidziyo, panguva yekuchengetedza uye kukonzera matambudziko kana isina kubviswa kana kuderedzwa. Saka, silver scab pathogen inogona kurarama kweinenge mwedzi mipfumbamwe ichivharidzirwa nefuro uye nedhipoziti yevhu uye mwedzi ingangoita mitatu muplywood nesimbi. Bhakitiriya ring rot pathogen inoramba iripo kwemakore anosvika matatu panzvimbo yakaoma uye kusvika kumakore manomwe panzvimbo yemapuranga. Zvimwe zvirwere - senge bacterial ring rot (yakakonzerwa neClavibacter michigaense) - inogona kuita kuti basa revarimi vembatatisi riome zvakanyanya, kunyangwe zviratidzo zvechirwere zvidiki. Nzira yakanakisa yekudzikisa kupararira kweutachiona chirongwa chakasimba chehutsanana chemidziyo nenzvimbo dzekuchengetera.
Zvipembenene zvakawanda zvinogona kupedzwa zvinobudirira nekungobvisa ivhu rose nemarara. Kunamatira ivhu kunoitika pamichina yese yemunda uye yekurima uye haina kuganhurirwa kumichina yekugadzira mbatatisi. Nokudaro, nhamba yekutanga yebasa remurimi wekurima inova kubviswa kwakakwana kwevhu kubva kune midziyo. Kuchenesa kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa mvura yakamanikidzwa kana midziyo yeutsi. Ndapota cherechedza kuti imwe neimwe yeiyi nzira inogona kukonzera kubviswa kwependi / kukanganisa.
Midziyo yemumunda inofanira kucheneswa ivhu kubva kwayakamboitwa mumunda kana kuti isiri yekurima kudzivirira ivhu rine utachiona kuti risaendeswe kumunda mutsva.
Kubviswa kwevhu neguruva zvine mamirioni espores uye tupukanana zvinogona zvakare kuitwa uchishandisa indasitiri vacuum cleaner.
Mhepo dzemhepo dzinoda kucheneswa zvakangofanana. Kungodziisa panze muzuva hakuna kukwana. Zvisikwa zvinokonzeresa chirwere mumatato zvinokwanisa kurarama munzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye midziyo pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara - semasumbu kana mafirimu emasero akakomberedzwa uye akadzivirirwa neakaomeswa bhakitiriya mucilage, chakaomeswa chirimwa muto kana zvimwe zvinhu. Maumbirwo akadaro anonzi biofilms uye anonetsa kunyungudutsa nekubvisa. Kuvhenekerwa nechiedza chezuva idanho rakanaka rekupedzisira mumidziyo yekuchenesa kana madhakisi mushure mekunge anyatsogezwa uye kubviswa utachiona.
Disinfection inoshanda chete panzvimbo yakaoma. Panzvimbo ichiri kunyorova, ma micropores ezvinyorwa anozadzwa nemvura, uye mushonga wekuuraya utachiona haugone kupinda imomo nekuda kwekunetsana kwepamusoro. Nekudaro, mabhakitiriya uye hutachiona hunoramba huri mumamicropores. Kuti uzvibvise, unofanirwa kumirira mazuva mashoma pakati pekumanikidza kugeza uye kushandisa disinfectant.
Mamwe mishonga inouraya utachiona inogona kuiswa nefumigation (kazhinji ine aqueous solutions). Fumigation inonyatso gadziridza nzvimbo dzakavharwa dzehurefu uye gadziriso (ichi mhedzisiro kazhinji haigone kuwanikwa nesprayer, vacuum cleaner uye kugeza). Asi kuti kurapwa kubudirire, zvinodiwawo kuita kuchenesa kwakakwana kutanga.
Disinfectants, inokurudzirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzekuchengetera mbatatisi (Tafura 2), dzvanyirira marudzi ese ezvipenyu zvinokuvadza. Vanobvisa mabhakitiriya akawanda, kusanganisira ayo anokonzera zvirwere zvekugara, pamwe nekuora kwemvura. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshanda zvinorwisa mavhairasi uye fungi, izvo zvakakosha kune zvirwere zvinokura panguva yekuchengetedza, senge sirivheri scab uye fusarium. Madisinfectants ane hukasha uye ane yakaderera pH kukosha, saka kana uchishanda navo zvakakosha kushandisa ese ekudzivirira matanho (magirovhosi, bhutsu, magirazi, masikisi, yakakosha zvipfeko).
Tafura ye2. Madisinfectants ekuchengetedza miriwo
Zita rekutengesa | Active fuma | Chiyero chekushandisa / nzira yekushandisa | Spectrum yechiitiko |
Eau de Javel inoparadza simbi | Sodium hypochlorite | 10% (10l/100l mvura), 2,5% (2,5 l/100l mvura) | Inoshanda pane fungi uye mabhakitiriya |
AB5 - inoora muchimiro chayo chakachena uye isina hutsinye kune simbi mune yakaderedzwa fomu, | Formaldehyde (60 g/l) uye glutaraldehyde (80 g/l) | 1%, nguva yekuonana maminitsi gumi; mushure mekugeza, kuchena, zvakanaka neVMB (ona pazasi) | Kurwisa mabhakitiriya, fungi, mavhairasi |
VMB (yakachena uye inouraya utachiona) - inoora muchimiro chayo chakachena, isina hutsinye pasimbi kana yanyungudutswa | Formaldehyde (24 g/l) uye glutaraldehyde (32,5 g/l) + surfactant | 2-5% (= 20-50 ml parita yemvura); siya kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, wozogeza. Hapana chikonzero chekuchenesa (kunyatso) chigadzirwa | |
Mapopoma - kupikisa ngura kune simbi | Hydrogen peroxide (210g/l) uye peracetic acid (55g/l) | 0,2-2,5%, nenguva yekuonana kubva pa5 kusvika kumaminitsi gumi nemashanu; pasina kugeza, | Utachiona, fungi, mavhairasi, mbiriso |
Desperox - inoora uye oxidizing, isina hutsinye pasimbi mune yakaderedzwa fomu. | Hydrogen peroxide (210g/l) uye peroxyacetic acid (55g/l) | 0,2-2,5% nenguva yekuonana kubva pa5 kusvika ku15 maminetsi nepre-kuchenesa; pasina kugeza | Utachiona, fungi, mavhairasi, mbiriso |
G-Extral Forte | Glutaraldehyde, 100 g/l | 1-2% nenguva yekuonana yeinenge maminitsi makumi maviri (+ kunyura) | Utachiona, fungi, mavhairasi uye spores |
Horti-Desin - isingaparadzi kune simbi mune yakaderedzwa fomu | Glutaraldehyde (20g/l) uye dimethyledidesyleaammonium chloride (320g/l) | 0,25% nenguva yekuonana maminitsi gumi nemashanu | Utachiona, fungi |
Virocide - isina hutsinye kana yakanyungudutswa, isina hutsinye pasimbi | 4 mamorekuru akasiyana: 2 quaternary ammonia (248,6 g/l) + glutaraldehyde (107,25 g/l) + isopropanol (146,25 g/l) + pinoyl (20 g/l) | 0,5% nenguva yekuonana maminitsi gumi nemashanu; kugeza mushure. | Utachiona, fungi, mavhairasi uye spores. |
Hyprelva SL - isina-hasha pane simbi mushure mekuderedzwa | Glutaraldehyde uye cocobenzyldimethylammonium chloride. | Disinfection yenzvimbo yekuchengetedza: nekupfapfaidza kana kupisa kupisa, 1%, nguva shoma yekubata 30 min. pasina kugeza. Pre-kuchenesa! | Utachiona, mavhairasi, fungi uye mbiriso |
Menno TerForte - inoparadza kusvika kusimbi | Dimethylammonium chloride (312g/l) | 1% | Kurwisa mabhakitiriya, fungi |
Ambionet inoparadza uye inobvisa oxidizing. Hazvikurudzirwe kubata nemarara uye polyamide fibers | Glutaraldehyde (175 g / l) + Didecyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride (50 g / l) + N-alkyl-benzyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride (40 g / l). | Kupfapfaidza/kunyura: 0,25% kurwisa mabhakitiriya, 0,4% kurwisa fungi, 1,5% kurwisa mavhairasi. Shamba nemvura. Kurapa kwekupisa: Fumigation: 2,6 l / 1000m3 /, chivakwa chizere nemidziyo 3 l / 1000m 3. Nguva yekuonana: 1 awa | Utachiona, fungi, mavhairasi. |
Ammonium 38 Master - isina hutsinye, isina kwayakarerekera pH, inoshatirisa (maziso, ganda, kufema turakiti) | Cocobenzyl dimethylam ammonium chloride (32g/100ml)+ ethoxylated mafuta doro + 2-propanol | Inoshandiswa pakunyura kana kupfapfaidza. 0,5% mhinduro, 5 l ye10.000 m2 nguva yekusangana: maminitsi makumi maviri | Bactericide, virucide, fungicide, sporicide. Yambiro: Ichi chigadzirwa chine chepfu zvakanyanya kuhove. |
Zvese izvi zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinotenderwa zviri pamutemo kuti zvishandiswe mukuchengeta mhuka uye greenhouse miriwo inokura uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muRussian Federation. Virocid nemagenerics ayo anozivikanwa seanonyanya kushanda. Mishonga inouraya utachiona inonyanyozivikanwa uye inowanikwa inosanganisira sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, ammonium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, copper quinolinolate, quaternary ammonium, misanganiswa yehydrogen peroxide uye/kana peroxyacetic acid. Izvi zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinosanganisirwa mukugadzirira kweakasiyana mabhureki kubva kune vakasiyana vagadziri; misiyano iri muchikamu chechinhu chikuru, mitengo yekushandisa uye mukana wekushandisa chigadzirwa kugadzira miriwo.
Sarudzo yemushonga wekuuraya utachiona hwekuchengetedza inofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nekuongororwa kweiyo data inotevera: kirasi yenjodzi yemushonga, inokurudzirwa midziyo yekudzivirira; zvirambidzo pamhando yezvimiro zvakagadziriswa (ye porous kana isina-porous); kuvapo kwemakaki "inogona kushandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye / kana midziyo yekugadzira mbatatisi", "kushandiswa chete kunzvimbo uye michina yembeu mbatatisi"; pane chinodiwa chekugeza chinhu chacho nemvura mushure mekurapwa.
Ngatitaurei zvishoma pamusoro penyaya yenzvimbo dzine disinfected. A porous surface is any permeable surface - semapuranga, insulation kana tsvina pasi. Nzvimbo dzisina porous dzinotsanangurwa sedzisingapindiki, dzakaoma dzakaita sesimbi, girazi kana kongiri. Calcium uye sodium hypochlorites inogona kukanganisa kune nzvimbo dzesimbi. Hypochlorites uye hydrogen peroxide zvigadzirwa zviri nyore kusashanda ne organic matter saka hazvishande paivhu kana huni. Kusunungura kubva muvhu nemarara kwakakosha kuti uwane kushanda kwakanyanya kwezvinhu izvi zvinoshanda. Paunenge uchishandisa chlorine-based compounds, zvinodikanwa kugadzirisa pH yemhinduro kusvika 6,0 - 7,5 kuti ibudirire zvakanyanya. Zvakakoshawo kudzivirira kusanganisa mishonga yeklorini nemvura inopisa kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa kunze kwekunge zvanyatsobvumidzwa pazita.
Disinfectant inoiswa kune ese nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yekuchengetera inovharwa kwemavhiki maviri. Mushure meiyi nguva, iwe unofanirwa kuvhura magonhi, ventilate uye kuomesa mukamuri. Iyi nzira inoshandawo kumidziyo yemhepo. Kungwarira uye kuzara kupfekedzwa kwese kwese kunodiwa, kusanganisira iyo plenum, mweya ducts, uye plenum.
Disinfection inouraya pathogenic microorganisms inogona kunge iripo pamidziyo uye mukuchengetedza. Tarisa iyo sanitizer label kuti uone kana kugeza nemvura yakachena kunodiwa mushure mekurapwa. Pakuchengeta mhodzi dzembatatisi, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza inofanira kucheneswa zvakanyanya. Izvi zvakakosha kune nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzakamboshandisa kukura inhibitor chlorpropham (CIPC). Kana mbeu dzikaiswa pazvisaririra zveCIPC, kunonotsa kumera uye kukura kwakanyanya. Inokurudzirwa kuchengeta mbatatisi yembeu isati yapfuura gore rimwe mushure mekupedzisira kushandiswa kwechlorpropham mukuchengetedza.
Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza uye midziyo inofanira kuchengetwa yakachena nguva dzose panguva yekuchengetedza. Panofanira kuva nekuchenesa zuva nezuva uye kuchenesa nzvimbo dzebasa. Tsvina yekugadzira inofanirwa kubviswa mudura uye kuraswa zuva nezuva. Munguva yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu, panogona kuve nekudikanwa kwekuwedzera disinfection yemakamuri ekuchengetera ane dambudziko kana mabheji ezvigadzirwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira yekufukidzira mukutevedzera zvese zviri pamusoro apa. (Mufananidzo 1,2).
Pfupiso: Kuchengetedza kuchena nguva dzose munzvimbo yekuchengetera uye kugara uchiuraya hutachiona hwese midziyo inoshandiswa kunodzivirira kupararira kwezvipembenene nezvirwere uye nekudaro zvinosimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvigadzirwa. Rondedzero yemhando dzinosungirwa dzebasa kuti uve nechokwadi chehutsanana pabasa rinosanganisira zvinhu makumi matatu, maitiro ekuita mazhinji ayo anofanirwa kudzorwa uye nguva nenguva kusimbiswa nekuongorora kwekunze. Iyo mhando yemishonga inouraya hutachiona yakabvumidzwa zviri pamutemo munzvimbo dzekuchengetera mbatatisi inokwana kudzora zvipembenene. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuve nemidziyo yakakosha (yakanyanya kumanikidza washer, maindasitiri vacuum cleaner, fog jenareta) uye kugovera nguva yakakwana uye zviwanikwa kuchengetedza utsanana panguva yekuchengetedza. Izvo zvakakoshawo kufunga uye kutarisa akawanda akakosha nuances ekuwana yakanyanya kunaka kwekuchenesa, kukohwa uye disinfection munzvimbo dzekuchengetera mbatatisi.
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