Icho chokwadi chekuti dambudziko rekupinza chinzvimbo mune agro-maindasitiri yakaoma iri kukurumidza zvakanyanya zvinoratidzwa nedzidziso ichangobvumidzwa yenyika yekuchengetedza chikafu. Akakudzwa Agronomist weRussian Federation, Chiremba weSainzi Yuri Loginov, Musoro weCentre yeKuberekesa neMbeu Kukura paAgrarian University yekuNorth Trans-Urals Alexander Kharalgin uye Musoro weLabhoritari yeKuchengeta Miriwo nehunyanzvi. tsika naAlexey Starykh.
Mukusarudzwa kwezviyo zvezviyo, Russia ichiri munzvimbo yakasimba. Mufananidzo: Tatyana Andreeva / WG
Kutsungirira bvunzo
Mukusarudzwa kwezvirimwa zvezviyo, Russia ichine chinzvimbo chakasimba, uye dunhu reTyumen harisi parutivi apa. Iyo dunhu inokohwa gohwo rakanaka zvikuru nekutenda kune yayo yega hwaro. Zvichakadaro, kunyangwe makore makumi mana apfuura, chikafu chegorosi chakange chisiri kurimwa pano. Ipapo boka revasayendisiti kubva kuTyumen Agricultural Institute uye Research Institute yeNorth Trans-Urals rakapihwa basa rekugadzira mhando yepakutanga inokwanisa kuona goho rakatsiga rezviyo zvemhando yepamusoro kumatunhu aya. Nezve hybridization, akakurumbira marudzi epamba "awnless-40" uye "Saratovskaya-1" akashandiswa semhando yepasi, iyo makumi emamirioni emahekita akadyarwa munyika nekunze.
- Ehe, hapana mhando dzakanaka dzepasirese. Nekudaro, mu "Saratov-29" iyo hunde pane isina kusimba, ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekusangana iyo inorara pasi. Kuve neakanaka zvinhu uye hunyanzvi hwaro, isu takagadzira pekugara-inoshingirira Tyumen-15 mumakore gumi nemashanu. Mhando dzakasiyana, idzo dzine zvazvakanakira mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoverengeka uye dzinobvumidza kukohwewa kusvika makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu emasendi pahekita, dzinotora makumi mana muzana muzana wedunhu rezviyo. Varimi veSverdlovsk nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinodziya mamiriro ekunze vakazvishandisa, - anodaro Yuri Loginov.
Zvisinei, neshanduko muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika, iwo mapurazi anogara achishaya mari, "makumi masere" akatomira kukodzera, sezvo kudzoka kwakanaka kubva mairi kwakagamuchirwa chete nehukama hwakasimba. Uye ivo havana kudhura. Aya mamiriro akakurudzira kugadzirwa kweimwe sarudzo dzakasiyana - zvakanyanya kushomeka pane huwandu hwekudya, asi ichipa yakagadzikana mhedzisiro. Aya ndiwo maratidziro akaita "Chirongwa cheTyumen". Inosanganisirwa mune rejista rehurumende mu2019, zvinotora makore 2-3 kuti kuberekwazve kwembeu dze "vepamusoro" chikamu. Imwe yemabhenefiti e "Jubheri" ndiko kuramba kwayo kukuru kuita ngura, chirwere chinowedzera kukanganisa zviyo muminda yeWestern Siberia.
“Tinotenda chirongwa chepasi rose chekusimudzira gorosi nechibage chemhando dzakasiyana, takashandisa zviwanikwa kubva kuRussia, Kazakhstan neMexico. Iko kusanganiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana kubva kunyika dzakasiyana uye makondinendi kunotibvumidza kuti tikwanise kuita kwakanyanya kuita. Uye zvakawandisa, kusarudzwa kunosanganisira kushinga kuyedza. Semuenzaniso, isu takasarudza mune ramangwana kushandisa zvese zvipenga zvemusango uye zvinogara zveTranscaucasia - gorosi raTimofeyev rekuyambuka, - anodaro musayendisiti.
Sekureva kwake, nhasi mudunhu reTyumen mukutenderera kwegumi nemhando dzezviyo. Hakuna vatorwa pakati pavo.
Imwe mubindu, imwe mumunda
Kana chiri chingwa chechipiri, mufananidzo wacho unopesana nazvo. Imwe yemapurazi makuru embatatisi munyika anoshanda mudunhu reTyumen. Iyo inobata ine ine rabhoritari ine simba yekutanga mbeu yekudyara yembeu dzakasarudzika, kutanga kubva padanho reyedzo-chubhu yemiti, mukubatana nemasayendisiti eYekaterinburg, yakagadzira mhando shanu dzematunhu, asi, sepakutanga, inorima mhando dzeDutch. Ivo havawone chinotsiva chavo pano, nekuti vanoonekwa sevasinga pfuurwe maererano nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi: goho, kusagadzikana kwezvirwere, kuchengetedza mhando, "kururamisa" kwehukuru uye chimiro chetuber. Hunhu hwekupedzisira huviri hwakakosha kwazvo pakuchenesa michero, vanobvumidza kudzikisira marara mukugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakapedzeredzwa, zvigadzirwa zvekugadziriswa kwakadzika. Kusatevedzera zviyero zvinogamuchirwa kunotungamira mukurasikirwa kwezvibvumirano nemakambani makuru.Musika wembeu yemiriwo wakatorwa nemasangano epasi rose: vatengi vakapiwa "mbeu dzakanaka dzekuyedza", semhedzisiro, varimi vakawira mumusungo wekushambadzira.
Panguva imwecheteyo, musika wekutengesa wembeu mbatatisi wakakura, uye hatifanire kukanganwa kuti varimi vakuru vembatatisi munyika medu varimi, mapurazi evarimi. Havasi vanhu vazhinji vanozvipira kukura mukadzi wechiDutch. Kutanga, zvinoda kuomerera zvakanyanya kumitemo yekutarisira, kunyatso chengetedza kugadzirisa, zvikasadaro mukudonha unochera mhino kubva kugulkin. Chechipiri, havasi vese vanozvifarira. Kune vamwe, ngatitii, shandisa antipode yeDutch imwe - crumbly, starchy.
- Isu tinotungamirwa nezvinodiwa neuto revaridzi vemapurazi, madacha, varimi vadiki. Nevadzidzi mumakamani, takaedza madhishi kubva kumhando mbiri dzisinganzwisisike dzatakagamuchira nemazita anoshanda "Kuznetsovsky" uye "Nadezhda". Ndicho chibereko chekutanga cheyunivhesiti kutora chikamu mumasangano nedunhu akasarudzika mapurogiramu ekuberekesa makwikwi embatatisi. Ziva kuti kubvisa hakusi kungowana sampu inokodzera varimi, zvakakosha kuti uwedzere mbeu, idzo nzira dzinowanzomira, - inosimbisa Alexander Kharalgin. - Avo vanoita izvi, vachidyara mari zvakanyanya, zvinoenderana nemutemo wehurumende uchangobva kupa wekupa mari kugadzirwa kwembeu, vanopihwa 70 muzana yemari inoshandiswa. Nhanho inonzwisisika muchiedza chedzidziso yenyika yekuchengetedza chikafu. Regai ndikuyeuchidzei kuti inovavarira kuona kuti dzinosvika nhatu nhatu dzembeu dzezvirimwa zvakarimwa ndedze mudzimba.
Dzorera Russian "ugari" kune karoti
Nezve zvirimwa zvezvipfuyo nemiriwo, mamiriro ari muRussian Federation anotyisa: sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima, kuvimba kwekupinza kunosvika 90 muzana yezvimwe zvinhu; kazhinji, zvekunze zvekushandisa mumashoko e ruble zvinomirira hafu yehuwandu. Karoti, hanyanisi, beet hazvigone kurimwa pasina mhodzi yekunze. Inguva yekudaidzira "murindi"?
- Zvimwe haufanire kutora mamiriro acho zvinorwadza? Zvinoita kunge chivi kunyunyuta nezvembeu, vatengesi vanovimbika. Ndeipi njodzi, bata? - Ini ndinobvunza Alexey Starykh.
- Mumugove wembeu mumutengo wekugadzirwa. Pakutanga zvaive zvisingaonekwe, izvozvi zvinodzivirira zvakakwirira - 25-40 muzana Musika wakatorwa nemasangano epasi rose anotengesa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa. Vatengi vakaunzwa ne "yakanaka mbeu yekuyedza." Zvakaoma kuramba mahara mari. Nekuda kweizvozvo, varimi vakawira mumusungo wekushambadzira: mutengo wakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, ukuwo shanduko kune mbeu yakaunzwa yakatungamira mukuwedzera kwemutengo wekurapa kwemakemikari, kudyara, kugadzirisa, - anotsanangura mutsvakurudzi.
Iyo indasitiri yakapotsa yarasa hombe network yemayereti ekuyedza akashanda, uye kwete pasina kubudirira, kunyangwe muFar North. MuSalekhard, semuenzaniso, iyo "Arctic" Turnip dzakasiyana-siyana dzakaberekwa. Mari yekugadzirwa kwembeu yemuriwo ishoma yekutuka, haina kunakirwa nekudyara. Kusiyana nezviyo, uko mavhoriyamu akakura uye ramangwana rekutumira kunze mari zvinoshanda seimwe yekurudziro, hazvipe chivimbo chakasimba uye nekukurumidza purofiti. Iyo Agrarian University yakatanga - panjodzi yayo, panjodzi uye ine mwero mari - yekumisikidza chirongwa cheyunivhesiti chekutsvagisa, kuyambuka, kurima echinyakare uye asina kujairika miriwo kumatunhu edu.
- Iyo yakajairwa yeRussia miriwo seti inosanganisira anokwana 7-8 marudzi. MuJapan, pakuenzanisa, musika wevatengi une anopfuura zana nehafu zana. Tichishandisa iko kuunganidzwa kweVavilov genetic seed bank uye zvimwe zvinyorwa, takaedza dzinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mana ezvirimwa zvinorimwa munyika dzakasiyana dzepasi. Tinozvikurira pamhepo yakavhurika. Maitiro ekusarudza ndeaya anotevera: dzakasiyana mumichero uye tubers yezvinhu zvekuteedzera zvinodiwa kumunhu, chiyero chekupona, mukana wekushandisa kushoma kwemakemikari, mamineral mafetiraiza. Ndokunge, isu tiri kutevera nzira yekusimudzira kwekurima kwekurima, - Alexey Starykh anoratidza musimboti webasa.
Ukasadyara hauchakohwi
Zvinetso zvekusarudzika kwembeu yekugadzira, yakataurwa nezvangu nevatauri, hazvisi zvemuno - zviripo kumatunhu ese. Zvese zviri zviviri zvakaitika uye nemazano evasayendisiti veTyumen zvinogona kubatsira vavanoshanda navo mukuzvigadzirisa.
- Tine dhipatimendi rakanakisa reeeroponics rino sangana nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano zvekuzadza mbatatisi. Nekudaro, kune chikamu chikuru, iyo yakasarudzika michina yeYunivhesiti uye neInstitute of Agriculture yekuchamhembe kweTrans-Urals yetsika yechinyakare kana yakasakara zvakanyanya. Hazvigone kutenga chimwe chinhu kunze kwenyika, senge pneumosorting tafura inosvika zviuru gumi nemana euros, hapana analog yemumba, - Alexander Kharalgin anoumba mumwe wavo. - Panguva imwecheteyo, edza kutenga izvo zvinogadzirwa nemafekitori eRussia, kunyangwe iwe ukapinda muchirongwa chekutsigira nyika. Vagadziri vemuchina havatange musangano wegungano remitengo yezvinhu zvinodhura - vanotya kupisa. Vakagadzirira kununura, toti, muchengeti ane rezinesi nemutengo wemamirioni gumi pamwedzi mitanhatu, asi mitemo yemisheni inoda kutengwa nekukurumidza kwemidziyo chaiyo. Nzira yekubuda iri mukuumbwa kwehurongwa hwehurumende nebazi rakakodzera neunganidzwa wekutanga wezvikumbiro kubva kumasangano ekuberekesa.
Alexey Starikh anotarisa rimwe rematambudziko makuru mukudzidziswa kwevashandi vanokwanisa:
- Iwe haugone kuwana mhedzisiro yekubuda pasina vashandi uye nehunyanzvi hwekushandisa michina. Kwese kwese munzvimbo dzekuberekera, nyanzvi dzinogezwa. Kana kumberi 7-8 vanhu vakashanda pane imwe tsika, ikozvino panogona kuve neanopetwa kana zvakapetwa ivo. Iko hakuna kana yunivhesiti imwe chete munyika inodzidzisa nyanzvi dzekubereka. Zvinosarira kuvimba neshungu dzevadzidzi vanodzidza muhunyanzvi "kusarudzwa kwakawanda" pane kushingairira kwevanoshanda navo. Chete iwe haugare kwenguva refu pazviri, - anodaro.