Sergey Banadysev, Chiremba wekurima zveSainzi, Musoro wechirongwa chekupfuya cheDoka-Gene Technologies LLC
Kurimwa kwakarimwa uye kukura kunonoka pakutanga kwemwaka wekukura kunoisa kunzwisisika kukuru kwembatatisi kumunda wekuvhara. Sora rinoderedza goho rembatatisi, kunyanya kana makwikwi emwenje, chikafu nemvura achinge awedzerwa nemamiriro ekurima kana zvirwere. Masora anokanganisa zvakanyanya kukohwa, achivhara nzvimbo dzinoshanda dzemidziyo uye achikanganisa kuparadzaniswa kwevhu. Idzo inochengeterwa ezvirwere zvakawanda zvembatatisi uye zvipembenene, izvo zvinotungamira mukudonha kwakananga muhunhu hwechirimwa. Basa rehuswa mukupararira kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekusangana kwavo kwakananga nemiti yematatisi kana paine michina inopararira uye hove. Iyo yakareba yekukura mwaka wembatatisi inobvumidza yakawanda yemarudzi esora kukoloni, izvo zvinotungamira mukutsungirira kwehutachiona mumbeu. Mbeu dzinoparadzira zvirwere kwete chete kubva kuna mai chirimwa kuenda kune vana, asiwo kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Masora senzvimbo yechirwere akakosha zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwembeu dzematato, iro basa hombe riri rekugadzira mbeu yemidziyo isina utachiona.
Pakati pemasora akapararira, kune akawanda matura ezvirwere zvehutachiona. Mhando dzinopfuura zana dzinounganidza Y-hutachiona uye mbatatisi spindle tuber viroid. Aya ndiwo hemlock stork, dema henbane, bhuruu chibage, veronica (mhuka), munda wakasungwa, diki-inoyerera galinsoga, shiri yepamusoro, scaly mountaineer, bindweed buckwheat, sweet clover, chena sandwheat, barberry, yakajairwa nyeredzi, lacfiola jaundice, yakajairika flaxwort , chena Mary, amai-na-amai vokurera, euphorbia sungazer, munda mindi, kudyara rukato, mushonga wedandelion, nhema nightshade, chikwama chemufudzi, zvakajairika pickle, yakasimba tenstraw, plantain, zvakajairika gavakava, wheatgrass, wild radish, common resin, munda horsetail , marsh scabbard, munda violet, bhiza sora, green bristle, yakamutswa scabbard, yepepuru kuombera. Njodzi huru sekuunganidza mavirusi masora anogara nekusingaperi - sora rukato, uswa hwegorosi, chibage, gavakava, nekuti hutachiona hunopfuurira munguva yechando rhizomes uye hunopfuudzwa kumiti inomera yemwaka unotevera. Nightshade, henbane, rukato ruchena, gauze jena, huni, munda mindi, dandelion, nettle, clover, hops ndiwo anogamuchira miti yehunde nematode, iyo yakave inouraya kwazvo mbeu uye mbatatisi. Mhando dzesango dzemhuri ye nightshade - senge nightshade nhema, inorwadza, nhema henbane - inochengetedza hutachiona hutachiona muminda kwenguva yakareba. Masora mbatatisi iri kuva sosi yakakosha yezvirwere, izvo zvinowanda kwete chete munzvimbo dzekuviga, asiwo muminda nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechando chando. (nzira dzekudzora mbatatisi semasora dzinotsanangurwa mumagazini "Potato System" No. 100, 3)
Kemikari inodzivirira kumasora chinhu chakakosha muhunyanzvi hwazvino hwekugadzira mbatatisi. Kubatanidzwa kwenyika Mishonga yesora inoshandiswa pamapatatisi yakasiyanasiyana uye inosanganisira anoshanda ekuuraya sora usati wadyara, usati wamera uye munguva yekukura kwembatatisi. Mbatata isati yamera munyika dzakasiyana, zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa (dv-va) zvinoshandiswa: glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, ammonium glufosinate, dimethamide, fomesafen, methobromuron, linuron, prometrin, metribuzin, eptam, S-metolachlor, sulfentrazone, clomazone , propisochlor, prosulfocarb, pendimethalin, flurochloridone, flufenacet. Munguva yekukura mwaka, seti yakazara yeatato-inoenderana dv inosanganisira bentazone, MCPA, metribuzin, rimsulfuron, chizalofopethyl, fluazifop - P-butyl, cedodim, propachizafop. Huwandu hwekushandiswa kwemakemikari akasiyana anoshanda akasiyana zvakanyanya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekukodzera matekinoroji ekurima, ivhu nemamiriro ekunze, uye masora maitiro. Nekudaro, mishonga yesora yakavakirwa paepptam, treflan, C-metolachlor, iyo inoda kuiswa muvhu, inongoshandiswa chete mumbatatisi dzinorima muUSA neCanada. Inoenderera mishonga yesora ine glyphosate, diquat, paraquat, piraflufen, ammonium glufosinate inoshanda chete kurwisa huswa hunomera, haukanganisa zvirimwa zvinozoonekwa mumashure. Haasi ese masora ane nguva yekumera mbatatisi isati yatungira. Uye izvi gadziriro hazvifanirwe kusvika pamatatata mune chero zvazvingaitika. Naizvozvo, mirau yekushandisa kwavo inosanganisira anotevera mazwi - "Kusvikira pakuonekwa kwekutsemuka muvhu kana kuboora kwevhu." - mufananidzo 1,2. Mune ino kesi, isu tinoreva kutsemuka kwakagadzirwa neiri kumera mbatatisi. Kuburikidza nekutsemuka uku, kuenderera mberi kwesora kunokanganisa mbatatisi.
Chinhu chega chega chinoshanda chemushonga unouraya sora une hunhu hwekuita pahuswa. Kune huswa husingaurirwi nemishonga yesora iripo - common dope, field horsetail, dissected geranium (Tafura 1-3) Iko hakuna zvimwe zvinhu zvinosarudzika mbatatisi, asi zvinokwanisa kuparadza ese mamwe marudzi emiti Molecule hizalafopethyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, propachisaphop, uye cletodim zvakagadzirirwa kudzvinyirira chete zviyo zvehuswa hwemhando. Methobromuron, metribuzin, linuron, prometrine, rimsulfuron ine yakakura kuita. Iyo yakasimba tenstraw, nhema nightshade inoshingirira kune metribuzin, iyo yegore bluegrass, munda umbula, purpurea, rukato munda, kune rimsulfuron - chena mwongo, makomo, bindweed, Sofia's descurainia, zvakajairika dope, nhema nightshade, nguruve. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakasanganiswa, zviviri-zvinoumba mishonga yesora, misanganiswa yetangi nemishonga munguva dzakasiyana dzekukura zvave kushandiswa zvakanyanya.
Tafura 1. Spectrum yekuita kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvemushonga wesora (Rebarz K., 2019)
Active fuma | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masora | Bentazone | Hizalafoptil | Clomazone | Cycloside | Fluazitop-P-butyl | Flufenacet | Flurochloridone | Cletodim | ICPA | Methobromuron | Metribuzin | Pendimethalin | Propachisaphop | Propisochlor | Prosulfocarb | Rimsulfuron | Tepraloxidim |
Datura zvakajairika | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Geranium akaparadzaniswa | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Zvakajairika herbaceous | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | + | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Dymyanka mishonga | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Munda violet | + | - | - | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | ++ | ++ | + | - | + | + | + | - |
Pakati nyeredzi | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - |
Gwayana igwayana rinombundira. | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Mary chena | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | + | - |
Munda wakakombama ruva | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Mhondi yemumunda | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - |
Gorosi huswa hunokambaira | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ |
Pikulnik zvakajairika | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Veronica | + | - | + | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - | - | ++ | - | - |
Kanadha kadiki peturu | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kuchenesa | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | + | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - |
Nightshade nhema | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Achiparadzira highlander | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Highlander pochechuyny | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
Bindweed highlander | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | + | + | - |
Mayweed | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | - | - | + | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Kuzvidyara-mbeu kwevakabatwa chibharo | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | + | ++ | ++ | - | - | - | + | ++ | - |
Horsetail | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Kukandwa kumashure | - | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Bhegi remufudzi | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Munda yarok | ++ | - | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | ++ | - |
Gore negore bluegrass | - | ++ | + | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | + | ++ | - | ++ | + | - | ++ |
Green bristle | - | ++ | - | ++ | ++ | - | + | ++ | - | - | - | ++ | ++ | ++ | - | ++ | ++ |
Galinsoga diki-yakayerera | ++ | - | - | - | - | - | ++ | - | - | ++ | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | + | - |
Ngano: ++ - masora anonzwisisa; + - huswa hunonzwisisa zvine mwero; - - huswa hunoramba.
Tafura 2. Kubudirira kwemakemikari makuru ekutengeserana, Germany 2020
Tafura 3. Spectrum yekuita kwemakwenzi (Phelan S., Scotland, 2017)
Rudzi rwekusakura | Zenkor dovskh | Zenkor poslevskh. | Stomp | Linuron dovskh. | Defy dovskh. | Lingo dovsx. | Stallion dovskh. | Dikvat dovskh. | Kutarisa dost. | Titus mushure. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gore negore bluegrass | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | S | MS | ||
Gore negore nettle | S | S | MS | S | S | |||||
Bindweed highlander | R | MS | S | S | ||||||
Nightshade nhema | R | MS | R | S | S | S | S | MS | ||
Bindweed highlander | MS | S | MS | S | S | S | MS | |||
Huswa hutema? | S | MS | S | MR | MR | S | ||||
Wemusango radish | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Pakati nyeredzi | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Kuchenesa | R | R | MS | MR | S | S | MS | S | S | S |
Mayweed | MS | S | S | S | ||||||
Minda yemindi | R | S | ||||||||
Geranium akaparadzaniswa | MS | S | MS | |||||||
Gorosi huswa hunokambaira | R | S | ||||||||
Gwai rinodya gunde | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | |
Mary chena | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | MR | |
Munda yarok | S | S | S | S | S | MS | ||||
Dymyanka mishonga | S | S | MS | R | MR | S | MS | S | ||
Ragwort | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | MS | ||
Pikulnik zvakajairika | S | S | S | S | MR | S | S | S | ||
Buckwheat | MS | MS | S | MR | MS | S | S | S | MS | |
Mayweed | S | S | S | S | MR | MS | S | MS | S | |
White chena | S | |||||||||
Kuzvidyara pachako rapeseed | S | S | S | R | S | MR | MS | S | S | |
Kuparadzira quinoa | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Achiparadzira highlander | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | MS | |
Munda violet | S | MS | S | S | MS | MR | S | S | MS | |
Kazhinji poppy | S | S | S | S | MR | S | MS | |||
Zviyero Highlander | S | S | S | S | S | MS | MS | S | S | S |
Rye bonfire | MS | R | ||||||||
Perennial ryegrass | S | S | MR | |||||||
Toadflax | R | R | R | MS | ||||||
Munda wakakombama ruva | S | S | S | |||||||
Bhegi remufudzi | S | S | MS | S | S | S | S | |||
Sora yakamonana | S | S | ||||||||
Dyara rukato rweyero | MS | MS | MS | S | MS | S | MS | |||
Veronica | S | S | S | S | S | MS | S | S | S | |
Oats emusango | R | MS | MR | S | MS |
S = nzwisisa, MS = zvine mwero zvine mutsindo, R = yakatsiga, MR = kusapindirana kwepakati
Nekudaro, muUSA kune 2020 zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa tangi musanganiswa yekurapa-pre-kubuda kurapwa kunoenderana pendimethalin, eptam, C-metolachlor, metribuzin, rimsulfuron uye zetoxydim. MuCanada, misanganiswa ye metribuzin ne linuron, glufosinate, sulfentrazone inokurudzirwawo (Tafura 4).
Tafura 4. Assortment yemazamu miriwo inouraya mishonga muCanada yegore ra2020
HERBICIDE APPLICATION TABLE | Buffer Zone | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ndapota tarisa kune Herbicide Notes, Herbicide Selection Tafura uye Zvigadzirwa zvinyorwa. | Formulation | Hazard | Yakatemerwa Kupinda Nguva | Pre-Kukohwa Nguva | boka | |||||
Kemikari Name | chigadzirwa | Chigadzirwa / ha | Surfactant | yenyika | Mvura <1m | |||||
USATI WARIMA | ||||||||||
EPTC | Eptam | 4.25-8.5 L / ha | hapana | EC | VLH | 24 | 45 | 8 | 4 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Zvakasiyana: Round-up etc. | 2.5-7 L / ha | Opsioneel | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
s-metolachlor | Dual II Magnum | 1.25-1.75 L / ha | hapana | EC | VLH | 12 | - | 15 | - | 29 |
PRE EMERGENCE | ||||||||||
dimethenamid-p | Frontier Max Outlook | 0.756-0.963 L / ha | hapana | EC | LH | 24 | 40 | 15 | 3 | 1 |
kumba kwakachengeteka | Reflex | 1 L / ha | Opsioneel | SN | LH | 12 | 70 | 14 | 15 | 15 |
glufosinate | Ignite | 2.7-5 L / ha | hapana | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 10 | 1 | 1 |
glyphosate 1 | Zvakasiyana: Round-up etc. | 2.5 L / ha | Opsioneel | SN | VLH | 12 | - | 9 | 15 | 15 |
linuron | Lorox L | 2.25-4.5 L / ha | hapana | SU | VLH | 24 | - | 7 | - | - |
linuron + s-metolachlor | Lorox LDual II Magnum | 1.9-2.3 L / ha1.25-1.75 L / ha | hapana | SU EC | VLH | 24 | - | 7 15 | - | 29 |
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Chikamu Sencor 500 FL, Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha kana 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | hapana | D.F.SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin + glufosinate | Sencor 500FL Metrix Ignite | 1.1 L / ha 2.7-5 L / ha | hapana | SU SN | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 10 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ linuron | Sencor, Tricor, Chikamu Lorox L | 0.55 - 1.1 kg / ha 1.6-3.75 L / ha | hapana | DF SU | VLH | 24 | 60 | 5 7 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Sencor, Tricor, Chikamu Dual II Magnum | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 1.25-1.75 L / ha | hapana | DF EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin+ s-metolachlor | Tiedown: Tricor+ UPI S-MET | 0.55 kg / ha 1.3 L / ha | hapana | DF | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin / s-metolachlor | Muganhu LQD | 1.85-2.5 L / ha | hapana | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 15 | 10 | 29 |
metribuzin + sulfentrazone | Sencor STZ | 0.6 - 0.8 kg / ha 0.16-0.22 L / ha | hapana | DF FL | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 14 | 10 | 5 |
PASI PASHURE PESANGANO | ||||||||||
metribuzin | Sencor, Tricor, Chikamu Sencor 500FL Metrix | 0.55 - 1.5 kg / ha 0.85 - 2.25 L / ha | hapana | DF SU | VLH | 12 | 60 | 5 | 10 | 5 |
metribuzin+ rimsulfuron | Titus Pro: Tricor+ Prism | 0.28 - 0.375 kg / ha 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Asiri-ionic | DF SG | LH | 12 | 60 | 5 2 | 10 | 5 |
POSA ZVIITIKA | ||||||||||
clethodim | Sarudza / Arrow | 0.19-0.38 L / ha + 0.5-1.0% v / v | Amigo kana X- Mutemo | EC | VLH | 12 | 60 | 1 | 15 | - |
fluazifop-p-butyl | Venture L | 1.0 - 2.0 L / ha | hapana | EC | VLH | - | 45 | 1 | 15 | 15 |
rimsulfuron | Prism, Rimsulfuron | 60 g / ha + 0.2% v / v | Asiri-ionic | SG | LH | 12 | 30 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
XNUMXmakuxydim | Yakanyanya Ultra | 0.32-1.1 L / ha + 1-2 L / ha surf | Unganidza kana Batsira | EC | VLH | 12 | 80 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Kugadzira: DF - Yakaomarara Inoyerera; EC - Emulsifiable Concentrate; SN - Solution; SU - Kumiswa; SG - Soluble Granule Njodzi: LH - Njodzi Yakadzika; VLH - Yakanyanya Kuderera Njodzi Ongorora: 1) Mitengo inooneswa ye356 g inoshanda / L mafomu. Tarisa kune chaicho chigadzirwa chitaridzi kuti uone chaiyo yekushandisa mareti. Nyorera mushure mekunge masora abuda, asi mbatatisi isati yabuda, hapana chiitiko chinosara. |
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Huwandu hwemishonga yesora munyika dzeEurope munguva pfupi yapfuura yanga ichidzikira nekukurumidza, uye masimba ehutongi hwezvinhu zvipenyu muEU akasimba kwazvo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvinhu zve linuron, diquat zvakarambidzwa, pane kutaura pamusoro pekurambidzwa kwemetribuzin. Naizvozvo, kune mashoma mashoma mamorekuru anoshanda mumitemo yekudzivirira mbatatisi yeGerman nedzimwe nyika dzembatatisi dze2020 (Tafura 5). Kana paine kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kweminda, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa musanganiswa webandura + zenkor, novotron + zenkor, proman + novotron, artist + centium 36 munguva yekutanga-kubuda (Tafura 2,5).
Tafura 5. Range remishonga yekuuraya sora kuGerman kwe2020.
Masora | Zvinodhaka | GHS | Zvirambidzo zvekushandisa | WZ | Norm | Tsananguro |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mbeu dicotyledonous masora, gore rega bhuruu | Boxer (prosulfocarb) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NT145,146,170 | F | 4,5 - 5,0 marita | Kurwisana nemasora monocotyledonous uye dicotyledonous. Usati wamera, nguva pfupi mbatata isati yamera. Shandisa musanganiswa neSencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha pakatarisana ne chamomile, mountaineer, chena mari. Shandisa kumatembiricha akakwirira uye hunyoro hwakadzika muzvirimwa zvine mutsindo (semuenzaniso miriwo, mahebhu, beet, ...) inofanirwa kudzivirirwa. |
Boxer Sencor Liquid Pack (prosulfocarb + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW - (- / - / *) m NW706 NT103,145,146,170 | 42 | 3,0 - 5,0 marita + 0,3 - 0,5 l | Kurwisana nemasora monocotyledonous uye dicotyledonous. Usati wamera, nguva pfupi mbatata isati yamera. Shandisa musanganiswa neSencor Liquid 0,3 - 0,5 l / ha pakatarisana ne chamomile, mountaineer, chena mari. Shandisa kumatembiricha akakwirira uye hunyoro hwakadzika muzvirimwa zvine mutsindo (semuenzaniso miriwo, mahebhu, beet, ...) inofanirwa kudzivirirwa. | |
Mbeu dicotyledonous masora, gore rega bhuruu | Sencor Liquid (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | 42 | 0,9 l | Kupesana nezera rezviyo uye dicotyledonous masora. Mushure mekuumbwa kwemakomo, nguva pfupi isati yabuda. |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 0,75 makirogiramu | ||
Sencor mvura (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,4 - 0,6 marita | Kurwisana nemasora. Kunyanya pane humus ivhu rine masora anosvika pamasendimita mashanu, mbatatari kusvika masendimita 5. Kwete kurwisa mubhedha. Kunzwisisa kwakasiyana siyana, ndokumbira utarise! | |
Mistral (metribuzin) | 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW701, NT102 | 42 | 0,3 - 0,5 makirogiramu | ||
Metric (metribuzin + clomazone) | 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW701, NT109,127,149 | F | 1,5 l | Pre-kubuda, kupesana nezviyo uye dicotyledonous masora. Yakasanganiswa neBandur kana Proman kune yakachengeteka uye yakafara spectrum. Hapana chishandiso mukugadzirwa kwembeu. | |
Mbeu dicotyledonous masora, gore rega bhuruu, crabgrass | Novitron DamTec (alconifene + clomazone) | 07 08 09 | NW - (20/15/5) m NW701, NT108,127,149 | F | 2,4 makirogiramu | Pamberi pacho, kusati kwamera, pamwe chete nemijinga yakaumbwa |
Mbeu dicotyledonous masora, gore rega bhuruu, crabgrass | Arcade (prosulfocarb + Metribuzin) | 09 | NW - (- / - / 5) m NW706, NT112,145,146,170, NG405 | F | 4,0 - 5,0 marita | Pre-kubuda, usati wabaya uye zvichidaro kune iyo BBCH 15 nhanho. Shandisa kumatembiricha akakwirira uye hunyoro hwakadzika muzvirimwa zvine mutsindo (semuenzaniso miriwo, mahebhu, beet, ...) inofanirwa kudzivirirwa |
Artist (flufenacet + metribuzin) | 07 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,0 makirogiramu | Pamberi, pamberi pekupinza. Pane ivhu rakareruka rinosvika ku2,0 kg / ha, paivhu repakati nepakati kusvika pa2,5 kg / ha. Shandisa pane yakanyanya humus ivhu hazvishande. Cherekedza zvakasiyana kuenderana. | |
NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW706, NT103 | F | 2,5 makirogiramu | ||||
Mbeu dicotyledonous masora, gore rega bhuruu, crabgrass | Cato (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,3 l FHS | Kana zvirimwa zvembatatisi zviri 5-20 cm kureba, dzivisa kuvhara masora nemashizha embatatisi. Kwete pambeu mbatatisi kana mhando dzekutanga kana yekutanga. |
Rimuroni 25 WG (rimsulfuron) | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (5 / * / *) m NW705, NT108 | F | 50 g + 0,2 l FHS | ||
Proman (methobromuron) | 08 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NG404, NT102 | F | 2,0 - 3,0 marita | Pre-kubuda. Kurwisana nemubhedha, musanganiswa we2,0 l / ha Proman + eg Metric 1,0 l / ha kana Boxer 3,0 l / ha inodiwa. | |
Zviyo, kusasanganisa gore rebhuruu | Agil-S (propaquasifop) | 07 09 | F | 0,5 - 1,0 marita | Mushure mekukura kwemasora, padanho 2-4 - Chiyero chekushandisa chinogadziriswa uchitarisa mhando yezviyo mashizha. Mitengo yepamusoro pamusoro pehusingaperi huswa, tsanga uye sedges. | |
Tarisa Aktiv Pack = Tarisa Ultra + Dash (cycloxydime) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 1,0 - 1,5 marita + 1,0 -1,5 l |
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Fusilade MAX (fluazifop-P-ethyl) | 07 08 09 | NT101 | 90 | 1,0 l | ||
Targa Super (quasilofopethyl) | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 49 | 0,75 - 1,25 marita | ||
Zviyo nezviyo zvakaora | Sarudza 240 EC + Radiamix (cellodim) | 07 08 09 | NT108 | 60 | 0,75 + 1,0 l | Mushure mekumera kubva paBBCH 12 kusvika pakuvhara mitsara kutsemuka kusvika kuBCHCH 29. Kurwisa gore rega rebluegrass muchikamu chekunyoresa. |
Nekuvapo kweinokambaira gorosi | Cato | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,18 l 20 g + 0,12 l | Kupesana nezviyo uye dicotyledonous masora. Kupfapfaidza kuenzanirana pakukwirira kwemasendimita mashanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu yemazuva 5-20. Kwete mukugadzirwa kwembeu uye mhando dzekutanga kana yekutanga |
Rimuron 25WG | 05 07 09 | NW 5 (* / * / *) m NT103 | F | 30 g + 0,2 l 20 g + 0,2 l |
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Tarisa Aktiv Pack = Tarisa Ultra + Dash | 05 07 08 09 | NT101 | 56 | 2,5 + 2,5 l | Mushure mekubuda kwembatatisi kurwisa gorosi 15-20 cm pakukwirira. Mamiriro ekunze anodziya anofarira maitiro. Iyo Sarudza 240 EC inobatawo mutsvairo maonero. | |
Fusilade MAX | 07 08 09 | NT103 | 90 | 2,0 l | ||
Sarudza 240 EC + Radiamix | 07 08 09 | NT109 | 60 | 1,0 + 1,0 l | ||
Targa nakisa | 05 07 08 09 | NT102 | 49 | 2,0 l | ||
*) - chengetedza nyika-yakatarwa mitemo yekure kure nemitumbi yemvura! GHS - kirasi yengozi; WZ inguva yekumirira.
Varimi vembatatisi veRussia vanobvumidzwa zviri pamutemo kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya sora zvichibva pa glyphosate, diquat, MCPA, metribuzin, prometrin, prosulfocarb, flurochloridone uye mubatanidzwa we flufenacet + metribuzin munguva yekutanga-kubuda. Mushure mekumera, zvinotevera zvinhu zvakabvumidzwa: cethodim, rimsulfuron, propaquasifop, cycloxydim, fluazifop-P-butyl, chizalofopethyl uye gadziriro yakasanganiswa yakavakirwa pa cletodim uye haloxyfop-R - methyl. Mamorekuru mazhinji anokwanisa kushanda (clomazone, bentazone, eptam, C-metolachlor, pendimethalin, nezvimwewo) anoshandiswawo zviri pamutemo mune zvimwe zvirimwa, asi haana mvumo yepamativi. Misiyano iri muRussia musanganiswa wemapatata sora maererano neanti-cereal spectrum haina kukosha; mune huru block yehuswa hwakafumuka masora, anoratidzwa mukushaikwa kwezvakawanda zvemazuvano gadziriro dzakabatanidzwa, dzinoverengeka dzinoshanda dzinoshanda zvinhu uye mune chimiro chekushandisa. Kana mune dzimwe nyika kushandiswa kwakasiyana siyana, semuenzaniso, muEngland herbicide No.
Mufananidzo 1. Nzvimbo dzekurapa mbatatisi kuEngland, 2015.
Metribuzin inogona kukonzera phytotoxic reaction mumarudzi mazhinji. Kuita kwemiti yematatari kuchinhu ichi chinoshanda kunoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda: hunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana, nguva yekurapa, huwandu hwemvura uye tembiricha yemhepo mushure mekushandisa, zvirimo zvehunhu hwevhu muvhu. Kazhinji kazhinji, phytotoxic reaction inoitika kana gadziriro yakavakirwa pane ino inoshanda fosi inoshandiswa mushure mekumera kwezvirimwa zvematatata. Mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, zvinogona zvakare kuoneka mushure mekuiswa kwemushonga wesora panguva yekutanga kubuda (pikicha 3,4).
Iyo phytotoxic reaction yakakosha kwazvo mukugadzirwa kwembeu, sezvo ichigona kuita kuti zviome kana kutotadza kunyatsoita zvisarudzo zvisina kunaka nekuda kwezviratidzo zvakafanana nekuratidzwa kwezvirwere zvehutachiona. Chokwadi, dzimwe nguva kugadzirira kwakavakirwa pane metribuzin kunobatsira kuchenesa kana musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana uine kukwirisa kwakanyanya kune iyi d.v. (Mufananidzo 3). Mukugadzirwa kwemabhizimusi, kukuvara kubva ku metribuzin kunogona kukonzera kudzikira kwegoho uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwema tubers, ayo anoonekwa zvakanyanya mumarudzi ane mwaka mupfupi wekukura, uyo ane nguva shoma yekuwanazve chlorophyll. Akawanda mabasa ane chekuita nephytotoxic mhinduro yezvirimwa kune akaiswa mishonga yesora inosimbisa kuti goho rinodzikira nekuwedzera kukuvara. Izvo zvinotevera kubva kune kumwe kuongorora kuti zvidiki zviratidzo zvephytotoxicity kwete chete hazvideredze goho, asi, nekusiyana, kuwedzera kunoonekwa kuburikidza nemhedzisiro mhedzisiro yekudzora masora. Naizvozvo, ruzivo rwakakwana nezve phytotoxicity yemetribuzin yemhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi inobvumidza kugadziridzwa kwemitemo yakachengeteka yekushandisa imwe kana imwe herbicide.
Iko kune kurudziro yeEuropean Society for Weed Research (EWRC) yekukora phytotoxicity (Tafura 6). Panguva imwecheteyo, zviri nyore kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana pamhando dzakasiyana. Kana iwe uchizvimiririra tarisa yega yega nyowani dzakasiyana kuti ive phytotoxicity, saka nguva yekuiswa kweiyo herbicide ichaenda. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kutungamirirwa nezvakakurudzirwa nemakambani ekuberekesa. Hunhu hwemhando dzakasiyana hwakakosha zvisingaite, uye kazhinji kacho makambani anotungamira ekuberekesa anofanirwa kutaura.
Tafura 6. EWRС chiyero chemiti kunzwisiswa nemishonga yesora
Chikero | Kukuvadza hunhu | Hunhu Kunzwisisa, zviyero mapoinzi | Hunhu hwekukuvara kune yemuchadenga chikamu chemiti |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Hapana kukuvara | Haanzwi | Hapana kukuvara |
2. | Zviratidzo zvishoma kwazvo | Kunzwisisa kwakadzika (1,1 -2,0) | Kuchenesa kujekesa kwemashizha emashizha kana mashizha emashizha |
3. | Zviratidzo zvinyoro | Kunzwisisa kwepakati (2,1 -4,0) | Kujekesa kwakasimba kwemashizha emashizha kana mashizha emashizha |
4. | Zviratidzo Zvakakomba - Kwete Kukohwa Nguva Dzose | Mheni uye yakajeka necrosis yemashizha mashizha - anosvika 2% | |
5. | Kukanganiswa kwemapapu | Kuwedzera kwekunzwa (4,1 - 6,0) | Mheni uye necrosis yemashizha mashizha - kusvika ku10% |
Kukuvadza kwakanyanya - necrosis | Mheni uye necrosis yemashizha mashizha - kusvika ku25% | ||
6. | Kukuvadza kwakanyanya - necrosis | Kunzwisisa kwakanyanya (> 6,1) | Mheni uye necrosis yemashizha mashizha - kusvika ku50% |
7. | Kukuvadza kwakanyanya | Mheni uye necrosis yemashizha mashizha - kusvika ku75% | |
8. | Kuparara kwakazara kwezvirimwa | Kupedzisa kwakazara kwenzvimbo yepamusoro yezvirimwa |
Mukumisikidzwa kwemhando dzembatatisi dzesarudzo HZPC Sadokas anopa anotevera ongororo yekushushikana kune metribuzin: kusagadzikana, kutapurika zvishoma, kusagadzikana, kutapurika zvishoma, kutapurika zvakakwana, zvine mutsindo, zvine mutsindo. Kana zvinoratidzwa kuti zvinokurudzirwa kuisa metribuzin usati wamera. Izvo zvinotonyanya kuoma kuvaka kurongeka kwequadation neakadai terminology. Solana anoita kurudziro chaiyo. Kusanzwisisa - Arosa, Rosara, Felox, Zecura, Red Lady, Rodriga, Queen Anna, Miranda, Opal, Figaro, Verdi. Inonzwisisika, isa kusvika pa250 g / ha yemertibuzin pambeu - Natasha, Labella, Leoni, Laperla, Caruso, Lyudmila. Usashandise metribuzin-Vitesse pane mbesa. Agrico anoshandisa kurova. Kwete kuramba nemetrubuzin (3 poindi kubva pa9); kunzwisisika kwakanyanya, kushomeka kushoma (5-6 mapoinzi) - shandisa mushure mekumera kunotungamira mukuchinja kwemisoro uye kuderera kwegoho; kusanzwisisika kwepakati (6-7 kunongedza kubva pa9) - kushandiswa kwemashure-kubuda kunogona kutungamira mukukanganiswa kwemisoro, asi pasina kudzikisa goho; low sensitivity Nekudaro, iyo Agrico chikero chakavakirwa mukudzokorodza kurongeka, kuratidzwa zvinoenderana neiyo EWRC chikero. Pachiyero chefemu, mamakisi gumi nepfumbamwe zvinoreva kushushikana kwakaderera kune metribuzin, uye pachikero cheESW, chakakwirira kwazvo.
Europlant inosiyanisa zvikamu zvitatu zvemarudzi maererano ne metribuzin - isinganzwi, isinganetsi, uye muyero wechinhu mushure mekumera chinofanira kugadziriswa kudzivirira kukuvara. Norika haipe ruzivo, kunyangwe ichizivikanwa kubva mukuita kuti mamwe marudzi akanyanya (Molly, Vega). Zvinoenderana nemhando dzeStet, zvinoratidzwa - yakasimba kuramba, kupokana kwepakati, kuramba zvine mwero, kusanzwisisa, kutarisisa. Mbatatisi mhando dzekusarudzwa kweDoka - Gennye Tekhnologii LLC - Carmen, Prime, Indigo, Kalinka, Flamingo havana hanya ne metribuzin pakutanga kwemwaka wekukura. Mune zvinyorwa, munhu anogona kuwana zvakapatsanurwa ruzivo pamusoro pekupokana kwemhando dzeBelarusian, ruzivo rwepamutemo pamhando dzeRussia dzaisawanikwa. Pazasi pechimiro chakazvimiririra chemarudzi ekunze akapararira munyika (Tafura 7). Nyanzvi dzeGerman dzinosiyanisa kushomeka kwekudzivirira metribuzine mumhando dzeVineta, Red Fantasy, Vega, Madeira, Verdi, Europrima, BP 808, Lady Claire (Scheid L. et al., 2020).
Tafura 7. Kunzwisiswa kwembeu dzematapiri kune metribuzin, postemergence application ye350 g. V-va / ha metribuzin, (Urbanowicz, 2019)
Chikero | Kukoshesa | Sorta |
---|---|---|
1 | Haanzwi | Felzina, Satina, Saturn, Cerata, Labadia, Canberra, Colomba, Kushinga |
1,1 -2,0. | Kunzwisisa kwakadzika | Accent, Arsenal, Bellarosa, Verdi, Delicate, Impala, Karatop, Carlena, Lyudmila, Madeline, Manitou, Markis, Melody, Roco, Russet Burbank, Salin, Ramos, Mozart, Challenger |
2,1 - 4,0. | Avhareji yekunzwa | Agria, Arizona, Asterix, Bellaprima, Brooke, Colette, El Mundo, Gala, Jelly, Curas, Lady Claire, Madeira, Mondeo, Pyrol, Queen Anne, Red Fantasy, Red Sonja, Riviera, Sagitta, BP 808, Panther, Sylvanas, Tsvuku Scarlett, Nevsky, Timo, Sifra, Jarla, Crispforol |
4,1 -6,0. | Kuwedzera kwekunzwa | Museve, Eurostar, Innovator, Molly, Rosalind, Sante, Vineta, Rosalind, Fabula |
7,1 -9,0. | Kunzwisisa kukuru | Fresco |
Neshungu dzepamusoro dzemhando dzakasiyana (EWRC mamakisi ari pamusoro pe5), mishonga yesora yakavakirwa pametribuzin (kunyanya, zenkor) inogona kuiswa mushure mekubuda mune muyero usingasvike 0,5 l, kg / ha. Zvikasadaro, kuratidzwa kwe phytotoxicity uye kuderera kwegoho zvinogoneka. Kana kunzwisisika kukapfuura mapoinzi manomwe, saka kunyorera-kubuda application hakudiwe. Kumhiri kwemakungwa, yakachena metribuzin inorapwa yakadzikama kwazvo, haina kukurudzirwa kuti uishandise pamhando dzakasiyana nemuchena peel, kusanganisa kugadzirira uye musanganiswa wetangi ine yakaderera zenko rate ine mukana. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti unyatsoteerera kune hunhu hwemhando dzembatatisi maererano nehunyanzvi kune metribuzin mukugadzirwa kwembeu, sezvo kuoneka kweecrososis pamashizha kunokanganisa mamiriro nezve kuvapo kwezvirwere zvehutachiona uye hakutenderi kurimwa kwakaringana kwemiti ine chirwere, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga mhando yembeu yezvinhu.
Mamiriro acho akafanana nearimulphuron-based herbicides. Titus uye akawanda akafanana anokonzera kushanduka kwemashizha mashizha kana kunyatsoita kopi yemazamu mifananidzo (foto 5,6). Zvirimwa zvinowanzopora kubva mukukuvara uku mukati memazuva 7-10 mushure mekurapwa, pasina chinokanganisa goho. Pasi pemamiriro ekumanikidzika ezvemamiriro ekunze senge anotonhorera, ane hunyoro kana anopisa uye ane hunyoro mamiriro ekunze, uye gare gare kunyorera pamatezi akareba, rimsulfuron kurapwa kunogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya. Kuti kuderedze mukana wekukuvara kwembatatisi, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa mushonga uyu mushure memazuva matatu akateedzana ekunze kwezuva.
Chinhu chakakosha chakasiyana mukuratidzwa kwe phytotoxicity inogumira mikana yekushandisa metribuzin uye rimsulfuron mune mbatatisi inokura mbeu. Iwe unofanirwa kutarisa pane pre-kubuda kwekushandisa kwezvinhu izvi kana kushandiswa kweimwe d.v. MuGerman, zvinokurudzirwa kushanda nemishonga yesora proman, boxer, bandura uye novitron mune yakachena fomu kana mumisanganiswa yemhando dzakanangana ne zenkora (tafura 2,5). MuU.SA neCanada, chinonyanya kukosha chinopihwa kugadzirira kwakasanganiswa kana kusanganiswa kwetangi ine yakaderera metribuzine mwero (Tafura 4). Hadzisi dzese sarudzo kubva kune idzo dzinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nyika dzinowanikwa kune veRussia varimi vembatatisi, asi pre-kubuda kwemhando yemapatata sora yakakwana. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kwehunhu hwembeu mbatatisi, kusanganisira nemhedzisiro yacho, inofanirwa kutariswa, kutanga kwezvose, zvine chekuita nekuenderera kwekuita sora. Izvi kugadzirira kunobva glyphosate, diquat, ammonium glufosinate. Ruzivo rwakawanda rwakaunganidzwa mumabhuku epasirese pamusoro peglyphosate mumamiriro ekukanganisa kune mbeu mbatatisi. Yese mishonga yekuuraya sora haifanire kuwana mbesa dzembatatisi uye mbesa. Izvo chete izvo kutsemuka muvhu uye kutsemuka kubva kumera mbatatisi (pikicha 7) yakavhurika mukana, mushonga haungori chete kutorwa nemuti, asiwo unopfuudzwa kuburikidza nevana. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zveglyphosate kukuvara kwembatatisi zviri mumufananidzo 8, kusagadzikana kwetuberization uye zviratidzo pane tubers zviri pamufananidzo 9,10. Gore rinotevera, mhedzisiro yeglyphosate inoratidzwa mukuderera kwekumera uye kushomeka kwemiti. (Mufananidzo 11,12) uye zvabuda zvinoonekwa kusvika pamakore matatu.
Saizvozvowo kukuvara kwembeu mbatatisi kunokonzerwa neasingaenzaniswi miriwo - clopyralid, dicamba, sulfonylureas, izvo zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 13,14, 15. Ehezve, hapana anoashandisa chaizvo pamatatata. Mbatatisi inogona kukonzerwa chete nemhepo inovhuvhuta ichibva kune mimwe minda uye zvisaririra mu sprayer isina kucheneswa kana kushayikwa kwayo. Izvi zvinoshandawo kuhusakuuraya mishonga yesora. (Mufananidzo 16). Iko kune chokwadi chekukuvara kwembeu mbatatisi uye chlorprofam, inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekuchengetera kumera kumera kwemachipisi embatatisi (pikicha XNUMX). Chinhu chacho chakasimba zvekuti chinokanganisa kumera kwembeu dziri pedyo kana kuchengetwa mumakamuri akarapwa neklorprofam mumwaka wapfuura.
Nekudaro, kudzora kwesora kwakavimbika kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kwembeu yemakwenzi yemhando yepamusoro. Masora haangoderedze goho chete, asiwo anobatsira kukuvara kwechirwere kumatatata. Ikozvino assortment yemazamu miriwo inemazita mazhinji, asi gadziriro yega yega ine zvayisingakwanise mukushandisa. Mumbeu yemazamu inokura, kukuvara kwezvirimwa nemishonga yesora hakufanirwe kubvumidzwa, nekuti mhedzisiro yakaipa iyi inoratidzwa muzvizvarwa zvinotevera.