Maererano neshumo yakabudiswa muna eLife, nzira dzokuzvidzivirira nadzo dzinoshandiswa nezvirimwa kuziva uye kupindura kune chipembenene chinozivikanwa, gonye, rakashanduka kubva pajini rimwe chete rakashanduka kwemamiriyoni emakore, inoshuma kudaro. Phys.org portal.
Ongororo yakaitwa nevesainzi veWashington yakaratidza kuti zvimwe zvirimwa zvakaita sesoya bhinzi, zvakarasikirwa nejena rinodzivirira iri nekufamba kwenguva, asi nyanzvi dzinoti kudzoreredza jena racho (kuburikidza nekuberekesa, genetic engineering) kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza goho kubva pakukundikana kwegoho.
Mamiriro ehutano echirimwa anoenderana immune system yainogarwa nhaka. Muzvidyarwa, izvi zvinoreva kugara nhaka mamwe marudzi epattern recognition receptors ayo anogona kuona akasiyana siyana utachiona uye peptides uye kukonzeresa mhinduro yakakodzera immune system.
Kugara nhaka mhando dzakakodzera dzepattern recognition receptors zvinogona kubvumira zvirimwa kuona kutyisidzira uye kurarama nezvirwere uye tumbuyu.
Kuzadza gaka iri, timu yakatanga kuona zviitiko zvakakosha zvekushanduka-shanduka izvo zvakabvumira zvirimwa kupindura kune kutyisidzira kwakajairika: gonye. Mhuka dzeLegume, dzinosanganisira mung beans uye peas dzine maziso matema, dzaitozivikanwa kuti dzine kugona kwakasiyana-siyana kupindura kune peptides inogadzirwa mumiromo yemakonye sezvainotsenga nemashizha emiti.
Masayendisiti akadzidza genomes eboka iri rezvirimwa zvakadzama kuti vaone kana yakajairika pateni recognition receptor inonzi inceptin receptor (INR) yachinja pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakore, kuwana kana kurasikirwa nekugona kuziva makonye.
Vakaona kuti imwe 28-miriyoni-yemakore-ekuzvarwa gene receptor inonyatsoenderana nemhinduro yekudzivirira yezvirimwa kune gonye peptides. Vakaonawo kuti pakati pevazukuru vemadzitateguru emiti ekare akatanga kugadzira gene receptor, kune marudzi akati wandei asingagoni kupindura negonye peptides, ndiko kuti, vakarasikirwa nejeni iri.
Kuti unzwisise kuti iyi jena rekare rakawana sei kugona kuziva mapeptide matsva muhutachiona hwemazuva ano, timu yakashandisa nzira inonzi kutevedzana kwemadzitateguru, mavakabatanidza ruzivo kubva kune ese emazuva ano anogamuchirwa. majini kufanotaura kutevedzana kwepakutanga pamakore 28 miriyoni. Iyi receptor yemadzitateguru yakakwanisa kupindura kune mapeptide egonye. Nekudaro, imwe yakare vhezheni ine 16 shanduko mukutevedzana kwekugamuchira yakakundikana.
Ichi genetic history, pamwe chete nemakomputa mamodheru anoratidza kuti zvekare uye zvemazuva ano zvimiro zvekugamuchira zvingave zvakasiyana sei, zvinopa mazano ekuti receptor yakashanduka sei. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti makore anopfuura mamirioni makumi matatu nemaviri apfuura, kiyi nyowani yekuisa jena yakaunzwa mugenome yechirimwa chemadzitateguru, ichiteverwa nekukurumidza kushanduka kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeiyo receptor nyowani. Imwe yeaya mafomu yakawana kugona kupindura kune gonye peptides, uye kugona kutsva uku kwave kugovaniswa neakawanda emhando dzerudzi rwelegume.
Mune ramangwana, masayendisiti anotarisira kudzidza zvakawanda nezve genome-level maitiro anoburitsa mitsva yekugamuchira siyana uye kuona seasati azivikanwa immune receptors mumapoka ezvirimwa. Sezvo zvakawanda uye zvakawanda Ne data ye genomic, nzira dzakadai dzaizoona "zvisipo" zvinogamuchirwa izvo hunhu hunobatsira kudzoserwa muzvirimwa kubatsira kuchengetedza zvirimwa.