Phosphorus muvhu ndiyo yakakosha macronutrient inodiwa pakudya kwezvirimwa. Inobatanidzwa mumasabolism maitiro akadai sephotosynthesis, kufambisa simba, synthesis uye kuparara kwemacarbohydrates.
Phosphorus inowanikwa muvhu iri muchimiro cheorganic compounds nemamineral. Zvakadaro, huwandu hwephosphorus inowanikwa zviri nyore ishoma zvikuru kana zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwephosphorus muvhu. Nokudaro, kazhinji, phosphate fertilizer inofanira kuiswa kuti iite zvinodiwa nezvirimwa.
Phosphorus inowanikwa muvhu mune zvese organic uye inorganic (mineral) mafomu, uye kunyungudika kwayo muvhu kwakadzikira. Pane kuenzana pakati pesod-phase phosphorus muvhu uye phosphorus mumushonga wevhu. Zvirimwa zvinongotora phosphorus yakanyungudutswa mumhinduro yevhu, uye sezvo phosphorus yakawanda yevhu iripo nenzira yemakemikari akagadzikana emakemikari, zvishoma chete phosphorus inowanikwa kune zvinomera chero nguva ipi zvayo.
Apo midzi yemiti inobvisa phosphorus kubva mumhinduro yevhu, imwe phosphorus yakashambadzirwa kuchikamu chakasimba inobudiswa muvhu rekugadzirisa kuchengetedza kuenzanisa. Mhando dzefosphorous compounds dziripo muvhu dzinonyanya kutariswa nevhu pH uye rudzi uye huwandu hwemaminerari muvhu. Iyo mineral compounds ye phosphorus inowanzo ine aluminium, iron, manganese uye calcium.
Muvhu rine acidic, phosphorous inopindirana nealuminium, iron uye manganese, ukuwo muivhu realkaline kugadzirisa necalcium ndiko kunonyanya. The optimum pH range yehuwandu hwephosphorus kuwanikwa ndeye 6,0-7,0. Muvhu rakawanda, kuparara kweorganic material uye zvisaririra zvezvirimwa zvinoita kuti phosphorus inowanikwa muvhu.
Zvirimwa zvinotora phosphorus kubva mumhinduro yevhu nenzira ye orthophosphate ion: ingave HPO4-2 kana H2PO4-. Chikamu chinotorwa mafomu maviri aya chinotariswa nevhu pH, ine ivhu repamusoro pH richitora HPO4-2 yakawanda. Kufamba kwe phosphorus muvhu kwakanyanyisa, saka midzi yemiti inogona kungotora phosphorous kubva munharaunda yavo yepedyo.
Sezvo huwandu hwephosphorous muvhu remushonga hwakaderera, zvinomera zvinoshandisa zvakanyanya kushingaira kukwira kupesana neconcentration gradient (kureva, kuwanda kwe phosphorus kwakakwirira mumidzi kupfuura muvhu mhinduro). Active uptake isimba rinowedzera simba, saka mamiriro ezvinhu anotadzisa midzi kuita, senge tembiricha yakaderera, yakawandisa mvura, nezvimwewo, inodzivisawo kutora phosphorus.
Zviratidzo zvekushaikwa kwephosphorus zvinosanganisira kudonha uye kusviba kwepepuru ruvara rwemashizha ekare, kuvharira maruva uye kukura kwemidzi. Mumiti yakawanda, zviratidzo izvi zvinoonekwa apo phosphorus mumashizha iri pasi pe 0,2%.
Yakawandisa phosphorus inonyanya kukanganisa kutorwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi, manganese uye zinc. Kuisa fetereza yakawandisa nephosphorus kwakajairika, uye varimi vakawanda vanoisa fetereza yefosforasi yakawandisa zvisina kufanira, kunyanya kana vachishandisa mafetireza eNPK emukomboni kana pakuita acidifying mvura yekudiridza ine phosphoric acid.
Iyo inobvumirwa kuiswa kwe phosphorus mune zvinovaka muviri zvinogadziriswa ndeye 30-50 ppm, kunyange zvakaonekwa kuti izvi zvinogona kuderedzwa kusvika 10-20 ppm. Muzvigadziriso zvinovaka muviri zvinoyerera zvichienderera, iyo yekuisa inogona kunge yakaderera se1-2 ppm.
Munzvimbo dzisina ivhu, semuvhu, phosphorus inovaka pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwe phosphorus, uye zvicherwa zve phosphorus uye calcium kana magnesium inotanga kudonha. Mhando dzemaminerari akaumbwa anoenderana nepH yepakati.
Kuongororwa kwevhu hakuyere huwandu hwephosphorus muvhu nekuti huwandu hwephosphorus huripo hushoma pane huwandu hwese. Iyo zvakare haiyere phosphorus mumushonga wevhu nekuti huwandu hwephosphorus mumushonga wevhu kazhinji hwakaderera zvakanyanya uye hahuratidzi zvakanaka huwandu hwephosphorus iyo zvirimwa zvinogona kutora mumwaka wekukura.
Muedzo wevhu we phosphorus ndiwo chaiwo metric inobatsira kufanotaura kuti chirimwa chinoda fetereza. Kurudziro yefotereza yakavakirwa pamiyedzo yakawanda yemumunda muivhu rakawanda nezvirimwa. Nzira dzekuyedza dzakasiyana dzinounza hunhu hwakasiyana, hunofanirwa kududzirwa zvinoenderana.
Asi nyonganiso yacho haigumire ipapo - maLab akasiyana anoshandisa nzira imwechete yekuyedza anogona kududzira hunhu hwakafanana zvakasiyana. Sampling yevhu yakafanira yakakosha zvikuru kuti uwane mibairo inonyatsoratidza mwero wephosphorus iripo.
Sezvo phosphorus isingafambi muvhu, sampuli dzinotorwa kubva muvhu repamusoro dzinowanzoratidza phosphorus yakawanda pane dzakatorwa pasi.
Yakawanda ye phosphorus inoshandiswa pavhu inogara mukati me 1-2 inches yekushandiswa. Saka, iyo chaiyo nzvimbo iyo masampuli anotorwa kubva anogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mhedzisiro.
Verenga chinyorwa zvakakwana