Iko kunwiwa kwezvinovaka muviri nemuti panguva yekukura hakuna kuenzana. Sezvo phenological phases ichienderera, kudiwa kweimwe chiyero chemuviri chinoshanduka, zvinoreva kuti pane yega yega nhanho dzakakosha dzekukura, chirimwa chinoda ayo chaiwo madosi emacro, meso uye microelements.
Mbatatisi inoda zvakanyanya pamamiriro ekukura, kunyanya pane chicherwa chikafu. Uye izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekudiwa kwakanyanya kwemaminerari, ayo anoshandiswa mukuumbwa kwehuwandu hwese hwebiomass. Kufananidzwa kweiyo yakawanda nitrogen, phosphorus uye potasium uye kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwenyaya yakaoma kunokonzeresa basa rezvinhu zvese zvehunyanzvi mumakemikari. Uye kuchengetedza mashandiro eaya maitiro padanho rakakodzera, mbatatisi dzinoda imwe huwandu hwezvinhu zvekutsvaga.
Imwe yemhinduro kudambudziko rekupa zvirimwa nemadosi anodiwa eaya ma microelements ndiko kuunzwa kweaya ma microelements muchimiro chemunyu wakachena une foliar yekudyisa. Nekudaro, chiyero ichi chinosanganisirwa nematambudziko mazhinji ehunyanzvi anokonzerwa neiyo physicochemical zvimiro zvemhinduro zvinoguma (ion antagonism, kusapindirana nemamwe madhiragi, kutaridzika kwechimbichimbi, kuderera kwekushanda kwehupenyu). Kufunga izvi, zviri nyore uye zvine pundutso kushandisa gadziriro dzakagadzirwa zvichibva pamagetsi, akanyatsogadzirirwa kudyiswa kwemashizha.
Zvakaoma kusarudza
Ikozvino pamusika pane akasiyana madhiragi ane zvakasiyana zvachose zvirimo uye zviyero zvekutevera zvinhu. Chikamu chakakosha chemari idzi chiri chepasi rose uye hachi tarise pazvinodiwa zvetsika yega yega mune chaiwo madosi ezviwanikwa. Zvakare, mubvunzo wekuverenga madosi anodiwa e microelements yeiyo goho rakarongwa inoramba yakavhurika, uchifunga nezvekugoverwa kwezvirimwa neakakosha macro- uye mesoelements, uye kuvepo kwehuwandu hwakakwana hwehunyoro.
Maitiro matsva
Nyanzvi dzekambani "Bion" dzakagadzira kurudziro yeiyo chikamu-ne-chikamu chikafu chembatatisi ine imwe seti ye microelements. Maverengero aya aive akavakirwa pane zvaidiwa nembatatisi zvema microelements padanho rakasimba rekukura, tichifunga shanduko musimba rekushandisa sezvo ongenesis yembatata ichienderera. Zviratidzo zvegoho rakarongwa zvakatorwawo (kusanganisira dhata pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwounyoro hunowanikwa uye kupihwa kwezvirimwa zvine macro- (NPK) uye meso- (MgSCa) zvinhu).
Nekudaro, iyo Bion-Intellect Potato mashizha ekudyisa sisitimu yakaonekwa (Fig. 1). Iyi seti yegadziriro yemvura ine zvinhu zvitanhatu zvakakosha zvekuteedzera (Zn, Mo, Cu, Mn, B, Fe) mune chelated fomu, pamwe neyakajeka-humate yakaoma uye seti yeamino acids. Kune mbatatisi, nhanhatu nhanhatu dzakakomba dzekushandisa dzakaratidzwa (Fig. 2), uye kune yega nhanho yekukura, chaiyo gadziriro ine yakasarudzika reshiyo yezvironda zvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti muvhu rakasiyana uye nemamiriro ekunze, zvirimwa zvine mikana yakawanda yekukohwa, zvichitora izvi, zviyero zvakawandisa zvekugadzirira zvinogadziridzwa. Izvo zviyero zvekushandisa kweese magadziriro eiyo "Bion-Intellect Potato" chikafu sisitimu yechikafu chinoshanduka zvinoenderana nechakapihwa goho chiratidzo (mune huwandu kubva pa300 kusvika 800 c / ha), tafura yakakosha yakagadzirirwa izvi.
Dzidziso inotsigirwa nemaitiro
Maitiro esainzi ekuvaka chikafu chezvehutano anotendera kwete chete kushanda kwakaringana kweiyo iripo fetereza zviwanikwa, asiwo nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvehutano kuwedzera kudzoka kwehupfumi kubva pahekita imwe neimwe. Mhedzisiro iyi yakawanikwa mukati memakore maviri ebasa (2019-2020) papurazi re LLC Agro Ramon mudunhu reRamonsky mudunhu reVoronezh. Iyo purazi inokura mbatatisi pakudiridza, gore rega rega inoitisa ongororo yeagrochemical yevhu, pahwaro hweiyo system yehutano inovakwa uye madosi anodiwa efetiraiza. Nyanzvi dzeBion, pamwe nevekurima agronomists, vakaongorora mhedzisiro yeagrochemical ongororo yeminda yematata, vakagadzira nzira dzekudya kune goho rakarongwa, vakasarudza madosi akakwana uye mafomati emamineral, uye vakaedzawo chirongwa cheBion-Intellect Potatoes microelement leaf nutrition chirongwa. .
Chirongwa chekudyisa cheimwe yeminda muna 2020 chakaratidzika seichi: mune yekudyara isati yadyarwa, inenge 230 kg / ha yemusanganiswa wefetiraiza NPK 14-40-7 + Zn (0,8%) uye 465 kg / ha ye potassium chloride kushandiswa; zvino kana uchidyara - 620 kg / ha yemusanganiswa wefetiraiza NPKS 8-20-30-2. Munguva yemwaka, matanhatu ekuwedzera fetiraiza akaitwa achishandisa pivot-mhando yekudiridza system, saka huwandu hwakazara hwe343 kg / ha UAN-32 uye 93 kg / ha yeammonium sulfate yakaiswa. Iyi nzira yekudyisa yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana goho rekudzora padanho re408,1 c / ha (mushure mekuyerwa).
Kutakura michero mitanhatu yemashizha "Bion-Intellect Mbatatisi" mumwaka wese wekukura yakawedzera goho iri kusvika 448,1 c / ha (mushure mekuyerwa). Nekuda kwekuwedzera kudya kunovaka mumwaka wekukura, kuwedzera kwakawedzera kwenyaya yakaoma kwakaonekwa, iyo yakanyorwa panguva yepakati sampling (Fig. 3). Nemutengo wembatatisi wemadhora gumi / makirogiramu, kuwedzera kwehupfumi kubva kune imwe 10 c / ha kwakaenzana kungangoita 40,1 rubles, purofiti ye40%, iyo yakabhadhara zvizere mari yekuwedzera yakawanikwa mukudya kwemashizha.
Kukwidziridzwa kwepamusoro kwehutano hwembatatisi kunokutendera kuti unyatsoona kugona kwemajini kwegoho rechirimwa. Iko kushandiswa kwekupfeka kwemashizha chikamu chakakosha chehunyanzvi hwekurima tekinoroji, uye kuunzwa kweyakaenzana uye yakadzika-pasi seti ye microelements inowedzera kushanda kweiyo yakakosha mamineral chikafu, chirimwa chinopihwa zvinhu zvisina kukwana, iyo goho rekupedzisira pahekita rinowedzera uye rinoderedza kurasikirwa kubva kunochengeterwa nekuvandudza mhando yechirimwa chinoguma.
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