Vanhu vakatanga kurima chikafu makore zviuru gumi apfuura, asi vekare veSapiens vaisakwanisa kufungidzira kuti mune ramangwana rekukohwa chibage varimi iwe unofanirwa kutanga waisa iyo pirated yeUkraine firmware, uye wozogadzirisa mhosho dzemakodhi uchishandisa OBD-II protocol.
Kazhinji "vabirimi" inyanzvi dzekuchengetedzwa kwemakomputa dzinotsvaga kushomeka muIT system. Asi muUnited States, varimiwo zvavo vava kumanikidzwa kupaza michina yavo kuti vangoramba vachishanda.
Habré akatonyora nezve iyi mamiriro asina musoro. John Deere nevamwe vagadziri vakuru vanoita kuti zviomere varimi kuzvigadzirisa pachavo sezvinobvira. Pfungwa dzakada kufanana neyaApple: ivo vanoti, nyanzvi chete dzakabvumidzwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakashambadzirwa dzinogona kupa sevhisi yepamusoro, saka maturusi ekuongorora haakwanise kugoverwa kune wese munhu, asi kune vatengesi vane mvumo chete.
Varimi ndivo vega vanotanga kukuvadzwa. Iyi ndiyo mhando yevanguard yekushora. Mune ramangwana, kwete varimi chete, asi vamwe vese vanogona kuve vanobatwa nemutemo wakadai kana makambani akaunza zvirango zvakafanana pakugadziriswa kwemota, malaptop, mafoni, uye materevhizheni. Nyika yose zvishoma nezvishoma iri "kuchenjera", saka rondedzero ichawedzera. Mumwe nemumwe wedu achafanirwa kuita sarudzo: kana kuzviisa pasi pemitemo yekambani kuti ishandise chishandiso chayo, kana kuve mubiridzi.
Zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva zvave kuwedzera hunyanzvi, zvekuti isu tiri kuwedzera kuvimba nekombuta masystem. Makambani anonzwisisa izvi - uye anoedza kuchengetedza kutonga kweiyo software mushure mekutengesa kuitira kuti kugadzirisa kwese kubatsire. Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvemari: 1) kutengeswa kwezvinhu; 2) nzvimbo dzekushandira; 3) Certification yevamwe. Pamubhadharo wavo, mugadziri anowedzera zvakanyanya kumahombekombe. Panzvimbo penzvimbo yepasi ye5-10% yeyakajairwa "mbeveve" mugadziri, mabhizinesi epamberi epamberi anowana 40-50% kubva pachigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe nekuda kwekuwedzera kukosha. Aya ndiwo maratidziro epamusoro emhando yezana ramakumi maviri nemasere saTesla neApple akasiyana neakajairika vagadziri vakaita saFord neHuawei: vanovaka bhizinesi ravo pazvivakwa zvehungwaru, izvo zvinopa purofiti yakawanda kupfuura yekugadzira "mbeveve".
Asi nekuda kwekuti masisitimu ese anodzorwa nekombuta, murimi haakwanise kugadzirisa michina ari ega, nekuti haana mukana wekushandisa maturusi ekuongorora. Anofanirwa kuendesa tarakita kumutengesi ane mvumo (makumi emakiromita kure) kana kumirira nyanzvi kubva kuna John Deere kuti asvike.
Semuenzaniso, mumwe wevarimi akaudza nyaya: mabhandi ekutyaira, achitonga nekomboni yebhodhi, akarasikirwa nemhirizhonga - uye vaitofanira kumirira zuva rese kuti mumiriri wekambani asvike: “Nyanzvi yasvika. Zvakamutorera maawa akati wandei kuti aone kuti imwe sensor yakanga yakundikana. Kamwe kamwe kanzuru chete, uye kaiita madhora zana nemakumi masere, ”anonyunyuta achidaro mumwe murimi.
Varimi ndivo vakatanga kushungurudzwa "kurambidzwa kugadzirisa" sezvo yakawanda midziyo yepurazi inoda kugara ichichengetwa.
Makambani akaita saJohn Deere anoita "zvisina kutenderwa" kugadzirisa zvakanyanya kuoma nekubata vatengesi vane mvumo. Varimi vanoona zano remakambani iri sekutyora kodzero dzavo dzezvivakwa zviri pamutemo. Naizvozvo, kubiridzira kukuru kwetarakita kwakatanga.
Zvino, kumatunhu ese eAmerica, varimi vasina kugutsikana vari kushandisa firmware kubva kuEastern Europe (vanodaro kubva kuPoland neUkraine) kubira. Hacker software inotengeswa pamaforamu, panopinda napo nekukoka.
Zvimwe zvirongwa zvakare zviri munharaunda yeruzhinji. Semuenzaniso, iyo PolyCAN yekuongorora chishandiso iri kuvandudzwa neCalifornia Polytechnic State University nerutsigiro rwemari kubva kuIFixit. Iyo purojekiti yekudzidzisa iri pasi pekuregererwa kubva kuDMCA, zvinoreva kuti inogona kushandiswa kubira tarakita, asi chete nekuda kwekudzidzisa, kwete kwekushambadzira.
Nzvimbo dzeClandestine dzinotengesa zvimwe zvekuongorora zvekushandisa, mafaira ekubhadhara, uye Electronic Data Link (EDL) firmware iyo inotaurirana nemuridzi wetarakita. Kune mamwe zvakare marezinesi makiyi emagetsi, akachimbidzika ekumhanyisa modifiers, anodzosera tambo dzeinjiniya dzinobvumira tarakita kudzorwa kubva pakombuta.
Uye uku hakusi kutyora mutemo. Muna Gumiguru 2015, dzese mota dzepasi, kusanganisira matirakita, dzakasunungurwa kubva kuDMCA, saka zvave pamutemo zvachose kupaza mota yako.
Kunyange pirated firmware iri pamutemo, izvo hazvireve kuti yakachengeteka, yakavimbika, kana mushandisi-inoshamwaridzika. Ichi chikonzero nei nharaunda iri kusunda nesimba kuti iyo yepamutemo firmware iburitswe. Iko Kodzero yekugadzirisa kufamba kuri kuda mutemo unoda kuti vagadziri vatengese zvidimbu, maturusi uye masisitimu eruzivo kune vatengi uye mashopu akazvimirira Iyo poindi ndeyekuti kana iko kugadzirisa kusingadi mvumo yemugadziri, maitiro acho anozodhura zvakanyanya.
Iyo imwecheteyo sensor mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro inogona kutengwa nemurimi kubva kuchitoro cheinjiniya chitoro che $ 2 ndokuzvitengesa ega, pachinzvimbo chekubhadhara mutengesi $ 120 yekuongorora nekugadzirisa. Kana kudzima ma sensors aya asina basa, pasina iwo matarakita akashanda zvakajairika kwemakore zana.
Kubira matirakita muUnited States kwave kuita kwakajairika nekuda kwehunyanzvi hutsva, uye vagadziri vane mhosva. "Mumazuva ekare, kugadzirisa kwaida chipanera, sando uye pry bar," anodaro mainjiniya Kevin Kenny. "Nhasi, masystem ese anodzorwa ne firmware, saka software inodiwa kungotanga, kumisikidza uye kuenzanisa michina."
Nhasi, angangoita makumi maviri matunhu ari kufunga nezveRight to Repair Act, iri kusimudzirwa neRepair Association. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mutemo uyu uchashanda uye unozogadzira yakanaka ecosystem yekugadzirisa nekuvandudza michina.
Vanogadzirisa Sangano revatendi vanotenda kuti kana makumi maviri ematunhu akapasa kodzero dzekugadzirisa mitemo, ichaisa muenzaniso kune mamwe maindasitiri. Semuenzaniso, zvinobatsira nharaunda yevaridzi veTesla vari kurwirawo kodzero yakadaro.