Far East inzvimbo yakasarudzika, isina kufanana nedzimwe. Zvisinei, vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti mumamiriro okunze akaipa emamiriro okunze eko, kurima kuri kusimukira pamwero unofadza. Uye pakati pemhando huru yezvirimwa zvekurima, mbatatisi inoda kupisa inokura zvinobudirira. Vamiriri venharaunda yesainzi uye chikamu chekurima cheFar Eastern Federal District vakataura nezve mamiriro ekurima mbatatisi uye ruzivo rwavo rwebasa.
Zvido zvakasiyana-siyana
Ashot Nazaretyan kubva mudunhu reAmur, akagadzira purazi revarimi muna 2019 kuti arime mbatatisi kune zvinodiwa nebhizinesi rake rekudya. Akatanga nenzvimbo ine mahekita manomwe, asi, sezvavanotaura, akajaira, uye muna 7, mahekita makumi masere akange atopihwa kurima. Koroleva Anna. Kubva kudzimba muminda yepurazi, unogona kuona mhando Aurora uye Luck. Mitengo yepamusoro-soro yakawanikwa neAurora neVeneta, iyo goho iri matani makumi mana pahekita.
Paridzi purazi revarimi muPrimorsky Krai Alexander Morozov rakaumbwa muna 2010. Mumwaka wekutanga ndakadyara anenge mahekita matatu, asi zvishoma nezvishoma ndakawedzera nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatisi kusvika ku3 hectares. Maererano nekucherechedza kwemurimi, marudzi ane mwaka wekukura kwemazuva 100-65 anoita zvakanakisisa. Vane nguva yekukura pamvura yechirimo uye "kubva" kubva kune zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemhute kubva mugungwa. Kune akawanda akawanda emhando dzakadai, asi vatungamiriri vazhinji veese-yeRussia ratings havape zvinokatyamadza mhedzisiro pano. Asi Bellarosa ine goho rematani makumi matatu pahekita, pane zvinopesana, yave kuwanikwa kunofadza kune agrarian.
Musoro weDhipatimendi reMbatatisi neKurima kwemiriwo, A.K. Chaika Federal Scientific Center yeAgrobiotechnologies yekuFar East. Dmitry Volkov yakataura kuti mumakore achangopfuura, Far East Federal District yanga ichivimba nemhando dzesarudzo dzayo, dzakagadzirirwa mamiriro ekunze enzvimbo.
MuPrimorye, imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa yaive Kazachok - akasiyana epakati ekupedzisira boka kubva kuvapfuri venzvimbo. Amber, yakagadzirwa mudunhu muna 2006, inorimwawo munzvimbo dzakakura. Ichiri kudiwa nekuda kwegoho rayo guru uye kurwisana nezvirwere zvefungal.
Mbatatisi dzeMagadan neKamchatka kusarudzwa zvakare kunotora nzvimbo dzakakushwa dzakadyarwa mudunhu remubatanidzwa. Zvakasiyana-siyana kubva kune mamwe matunhu eRussia zvinoratidzwawo, kusanganisira yekutanga Meteor uye Gulliver, kunyorwa kwenyanzvi kubva kuA. G. Lorkh Federal State Budgetary Institution yeMbatatisi. Vose vakazviratidza zvakanaka uye vakakurira mumapurazi akawanda. Pamhando dzekunze, Adretta neSante vari kutungamira: mhando dzakaonekwa pamusika mukutanga kwema1990, asi dzichiri kudiwa.
Anotungamira Muongorori, Rabhoritari yeBiotechnology yeMunda Zviyo uye Mbatata Kuberekesa, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture" Vera Gainatulina Akataura kuti marudzi ekutanga uye epakati pekutanga anogadzirwa zvakanyanya mudunhu, nekuti mbatatisi dzakanonoka hadzina kuibva. Izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, Geyser neVulkan yesarudzo yavo, mbeu dzayo dzakagadziridzwa muna 2019, uye mwaka wapfuura super-super elite yakawanikwa. Mapurazi ega ega, ari kurima anopfuura hafu yenzvimbo dzembatatisi muKamchatka, akabva atenda zvakanakira marudzi aya. Uye tekinoroji yekugadzira kwavo pachiyero cheindasitiri iri kutogadzirwa.
Itsva yemhando yepamusoro-yekutanga Zhemchuzhina Kamchatka iri kugadzirira kuburitswa, iri kuongororwa nyika nhasi. Goho rayo rinogona kuita matani makumi mana nemashanu pahekita, iyo inofanirwa kukwezva vanhu vanoshingairira kurima mbatatisi kuti vazvida ivo.
Monsoons nemadutu
Mamiriro ekunze eFar Eastern Federal District anonzi akanyanyisa pasina kuwedzeredza.
Dmitry Volkov akatsanangura kuti kumaodzanyemba kweFar Eastern Federal District, muPrimorsky Krai uye nechekumaodzanyemba kweKhabarovsk, kune monsoon mamiriro ekunze. Chitubu chinouya mangwanani, uye kudyara mbatatisi kunotanga mukupera kwaApril kana kutanga kwaMay. Nzvimbo idzi dzinoratidzwa nekunaya kukuru kwemvura inonaya muna Chikunguru-Nyamavhuvhu, uye madutu anogara achinaya. Kusanaya kwemvura uye tembiricha yakakwira zvisina mwero zvakare hazvina kujairika.
Dambudziko guru remamiriro ekunze enzvimbo Alexander Morozov inoverenga mvura inogona kudurura isina kumira kwemavhiki. Mafashamo nemafashamo zvave zvakajairika. Saka, muna 2022, hafu yezvirimwa zvembatatisi yakakukurwa papurazi remurimi, uye kurasikirwa kwakasvika matani zviuru zviviri.
У Ashot Nazaretyan gore rakanga rapfuura, pashure pokufashukira kumahombekombe eRwizi rwaAmur, mahekita 60 eminda yembatatisi akanga akazara nemvura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nzvimbo chete yemahekita gumi yakabviswa.
Kuchamhembe kwedunhu, kunosanganisira Kamchatka Territory, kunosiyaniswa nemamiriro akanyanya kuomarara ekukura mbatatisi. Kudzika munzvimbo idzi kunoitwa mukupera kwechirimo-kutanga kwezhizha, uye kukohwa kunotanga muna Nyamavhuvhu. Tichifunga mwaka mupfupi wekurima uye kushomeka kwemazuva ekupisa kwezuva, zuva rega rega rinodziya rinoverengera kukura kwechirimwa.
MuFar Eastern Federal District, sezvakataurwa Dmitry VolkovChando chinouya nekukurumidza. Mazaya ekutanga akanyorwa muhafu yechipiri yaGunyana, saka varimi vanofanirwa kukohwa chirimwa chose pasati papfuura Gumiguru 1.
Zvimiro zveivhu reko zvinoda kuiswa kwefotereza zvinosungirwa, zvikasadaro zvirimwa zvinotaridza goho shoma. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kuKamchatka Territory, uko kune ivhu rakareruka rinoputika uye rudzi rwemvura inoyerera. Uye mudunhu reAmur, nyika dzine matombo, uye saka zvinodikanwa kushandisa mitsara miviri yekurima mbatatisi.
Kure nepakati
SekuRussia yese, kune kushomeka kwakanyanya kwevashandi vanokwanisa mukurima kweFar Eastern Federal District.
Maererano ne Ashot Nazaretyanvashandi vatsva vanofanira kudzidziswa vari voga. Kune vashoma vane zvitupa nyanzvi, nekuti vakapedza kudzidza kumayunivhesiti ezvekurima uye zvikoro zvehunyanzvi havadi kushanda muindasitiri nekuda kwemuhoro wakaderera uye nemamiriro ekushanda akaoma.
Alexander Morozov inokwezva vashandi vane zvirongwa zvemagariro Kupa vanhu pekugara, murimi mumakore gumi anopa dzimba dzakanaka kumidziyo yevashandi. Sezvo vakakwanisa kuisa midzi panguva ino, ivo, sekutonga, vanoramba vari mubhizinesi.
Mudunhu remubatanidzwa, mune kushomeka kwakanyanya kwezvitoro zvembatatisi nemiriwo, kunyanya izvo zvinosangana nezvinoitika zvemazuva ano uye zvine otomatiki.
Sezvataurwa Alexander Morozov, matura akawanda anoshandiswa nevarimi ndeechinyakare uye anoda kuvandudzwa. Papurazi rake, akavaka chitoro chemuriwo chine gadziriro yokudzora mamiriro ekunze yematani zviuru 1,25. Zvisinei, haichakwaniri zvinodikanwa zvemurimi.
Kune chengetedzo yezvigadzirwa, yakagadzirirwa matani ane chiuru, uye purazi Ashot Nazaretyan. Asi nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa uye kudiwa kwazvino mumusika, kuiswa kwehunyanzvi hutsva kuchadikanwa.
Maererano ne Kutenda Gainatulina, dambudziko iri rinokanganisawo kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kwembeu mudunhu remubatanidzwa.Zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mamiriro ekudyara zvinhu zvakanyanyisa, uye kuti zvisangane nazvo, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinofanirwa kunge dzakakwirira-tech.
Mumatunhu ari kure kure neFederal Center, sekureva Dmitry Volkov, usashaya mafetireza uye zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa.
Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzivirira zvirimwa zvinopihwa nemakambani anomiririra vatengesi vepasi rose vezvigadzirwa izvi. Asi zvinodikanwa kuodha mineral fertilizer yemwaka unotevera nguva isati yasvika, yatova mukudonha. Zvikasadaro, sezvakataurwa Ashot Nazaretyan, muchirimo haugone kuvawana muhuwandu hwakakodzera.
Vera Gainatulina akasimbisa kuti PPPs nefetereza zvinotanga kutengwa. Nekuda kwenguva yakareba yekuendesa, zvakakosha kuve nenguva yekuendesa maodha isati yapera gore rekarenda kuitira kuti zvinhu zvese zvive muzvitoro nechirimo.
Asati asvika kunharaunda yeFar Eastern Federal District, zvinhu zvinodiwa zvinofamba mazana, kunyange zviuru zvemakiromita. Mutengo wavo unosanganisirawo mari yekufambisa, iyo, maererano nekufungidzira Alexandra Morozova, kusvika ku15 muzana yemutengo we "chemistry" uye nzira dzekudyara kwezvirimwa.
Bet pamumba
Nekuda kwekuyerera kwevhu, kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kunoratidzwa nemidziyo ine simba ine hunyanzvi hwekuyambuka-nyika kubva kumakambani ekunze. Asi, sezvazvakazoitika, varimi vazhinji vembatatisi muFar Eastern Federal District vanosarudza vamwe vavo vekumba.
Ashot Nazaretyan Ndakafunga zvekutenga musanganiswa wemagetsi unozadza simba kubva kune imwe yemhando dzine mukurumbira pasi rose. Asi kune zvese zvakanakira, michina yakadaro inewo yakashata. Nguva yekuendesa yezvisara kuburikidza neMoscow inogona kusvika kumwedzi 1,5-2. Nokudaro, varimi, kana vakatenga zvigadzirwa zvekuMadokero, edza kuva nemichina yeRussia kana Belarusian mumapapiro. Semuyenzaniso, purazi remuzvinabhizimusi rine matatu anokohwa mbatatisi epamba uye maviri ekuJapan.
Midziyo yekuJapan yekudyara nekukohwa mbatatisi, inorendwa kubva kuvarimi veko, inoshandiswawo muKamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. Vera Gainatulina inotaura nezvemichina iyi seyakavimbika uye inoshanda. Asi iyi diki-saizi komputa michina inonyanya kukodzera kugadzirisa nzvimbo diki, uye mumapurazi makuru inogona kukonzera kucheneswa kwenguva refu.
Mu KFH Alexandra Morozova vanogadzirira mwaka pachine nguva uye vanoedza kutenga izvo zvinonyanya kudiwa masipare parts pamberi. Iwo masanganisi anoshandiswa pano anobva kuEuropean vagadziri, asi matirakita ari Belarusian.
Maererano ne Dmitry Volkov, Mamiriro ezvinhu ane tekinoroji midziyo yeindastiri achangobva kuchinja kuti ave nani. Nekuda kwerubatsiro rwenyika nenzira yerubatsiro uye magrants, mapaki emidziyo anogadziridzwa uye anozadzikiswa kwete chete nevarimi nemabhizinesi ekurima, asiwo nemasangano ekutsvagisa.
Kunzira itsva
Iyo Far East haina kupfuura matambudziko emwaka wazvino ane chekuita nekutengeswa kwembatatisi.
Sezvacherechedzwa Ashot Nazaretian, kune anenge 900 matani ezvigadzirwa mukuchengetedza purazi, uye kutengesa hakusati kwatanga pano. Mutengo wemachubhu wakadzika mukudonha, pakukwirira kwegoho, apo kuendeswa kwembatatisi kubva kune mamwe matunhu kwakatanga. Zvisinei nemitengo yakaderera, hapana vanotenga muzvitoro zvikuru, uye murimi anofanira kutengesa.
Muna 2022, mapurazi makuru eFar Eastern Federal District akaisa zvirimwa zvawo mudura, achitarisira kukwira kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvavo. Asi kunyange pakutanga kwegore idzva, mamiriro emusika anoramba asina kuchinja.
Nekuda kwemafungiro avo, muchengeti wekurima wekuRussia anowanzo kutarisira kuti mutengi wezvigadzirwa zvekurima achawanikwa pasina kushanda nesimba kwaari. Asi zvinoratidzika kuti mukutarisana nemakwikwi anotyisa, chirongwa ichi chinorega kushanda.
Maererano ne Alexandra Morozova, gore rapfuura mapurazi ePrimorye akawana goho rakanaka.Asi hapana mitengo yembatatisi, kutengeswa kwemaholese kwakaderera, kudiwa kwevatengi kwakaderera, hakuna mabhizinesi ekugadzirisa. Matura emunharaunda akazara nezvigadzirwa, uye hapana anoziva nzira yekuzvitengesa. Pamusoro pezvo, mbatatisi dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika dzinoramba dzichipinda mumusika weFar East.
Ashot Nazaretyan Ndine chokwadi kuti zvinofanirwa kuitwa zvakasiyana. MuKFH yake, anoronga kuvhura dhipatimendi rekutengesa iro richashanda pahwaro hwehurongwa hwakanyatsogadziriswa. Izvo zvinodiwawo kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekuwachisa, kurongedza uye kugadzirisa zvakadzika kuitira kugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kupihwa kuchikamu cheHoReCa, zvitoro zvemaketani uye nevatengi vekupedzisira.
Kumirira mbeu
Kugadzirisa nyaya yekupa varimi zvinhu zvekudyara muFar Eastern Federal District, pane kushomeka kwehurongwa hwakarongeka hwekugadzira kwayo. Masangano akati wandei ekutsvagisa ari kushanda zvakanaka pano, ari kuita sarudzo uye yepakutanga kugadzirwa kwembeu dzemhando dzemumba nedzekunze. Nekudaro, kune mashoma mapurazi ari kuramba achikura uye achidzokorora mbatatisi dzepamusoro mudunhu remubatanidzwa.
Primorye chete inozvipa mhodzi dzekuberekana zvakanyanya nechikamu chinosvika zana kubva muzana, izvo zvakare nekuda kwekunyorova kwenzvimbo. Maererano ne Dmitry Volkov, chekutanga, basa rinoitwa nemhando dzedu, uye pasi pezvibvumirano zverezinesi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuberekesa.
The Potato Breeding and Seed Center yeFederal Scientific Center yeAgrobiotechnologies yekuFar East inoshandira pamwe nemugadziri wembeu mukuru wemuno, Putsilovskoye LLC. Bhizinesi rinoparadzira zvinhu zvepakutanga zvakagamuchirwa kubva kumasayendisiti, uye kubva pano mbeu dzinotumirwa kuKhabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Kamchatka nedzimwe nzvimbo dzedunhu rehurumende.
Asi vagadziri vemahombekombe vanokura mashoma emhando dzakasiyana. Avo vasina kugutsikana nerondedzero iyi vanofanira kunyora zvinhu zvekudyara kubva pakati peRussia. Sezvakataurwa naAlexander Morozov, kutakura kunobatanidzwa nemamwe matambudziko. Kutumira mbeu kare kune ngozi, sezvo nhumbi dzinopfuura nenharaunda yeYakutia, uko kutonhora kwakanyanya kuderera. Uye kana kwave kudziya ipapo, mushandirapamwe wekudyara wePrimorye watopera.
Inotaura nezvekushaya sarudzo Ashot Nazaretyan. Murimi ane chokwadi chekudiwa kwekugadzira mabhizinesi emuno anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevarimi vekurima muAmur Dunhu uye muFar Eastern Federal District. Nguva yese kuhodha mbeu zviuru zvemakiromita kubva panzvimbo yadzinodyarwa hazvibatsiri uye zvinodhura zvakanyanya.
Maererano ne Vera GainatulinaIyo Kamchatka Territory zvakare ine mikana yekuzvikwanira mumbeu mbatatisi. Asi kusvika zvino, mazhinji acho - kunyanya marudzi ekusarudzwa kwekunze - anopiwa kune peninsula kubva kuPrimorye, Siberia kana chikamu cheEurope chenyika. Uye izvi zvakazara nekupinzwa kwezvipembenene nezvirwere izvo zvisiri hunhu hwenzvimbo yakasarudzika.
Neziso remangwana
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeFar Eastern Federal District inotaridza mwero wekukura kwembatatisi yemuno. Uye haisi mamiriro ekunze chete. Mari yesainzi, sarudzo, kugadzirwa kwembeu kunzvimbo dziri kure kunoitwa neFederal Center muhuwandu husina kukwana. Far East haina kana kubatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvehurumende zvekutsigira zvekurima.
Nekudaro, shanduko dzakanaka dzinogoneka kare muna 2023. Vera Gainatulina yakataura kuti nyaya yekusanganisa akati wandei eFar Eastern science science muchimiro cheFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FRC All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources yakatumidzwa zita reN.I. Vavilov" (VIR) yakagadziriswa. Kujoinha imwe yeanotungamira masisitimu enyika, kutanga kune zvese, zvinokutendera iwe kuti utore yako yako marabhoritari base yekuitisa mamwe anoshanda esainzi zviitiko.
Kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, varimi vezvirimwa havafungi kuzorora pamararamiro avo uye vari kuvaka zvirongwa zvekuda.
Ashot Nazaretyan inoda kuwedzera nzvimbo pasi pembatatisi mumwaka unouya kusvika 100-150 hectares, uye mumakore mashomanana anotevera - kusvika ku500 hectares. Nhasi, murimi ari kugadzirira kutenga mutsara wepamusoro-tekinoroji yekuisa machubhu ekuchengetedza uye kubviswa kubva mukuchengetedza. Pakupera kwemwaka ichaiswa uye purazi richatora rimwe danho rekugadzirisa michina.
Alexander Morozov yakanangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko nekutengeswa kwezvinhu. Iko kugona kweFar Eastern Federal District munharaunda yekukura mbatatisi yakakura, uye nhamba yevagari vematunhu ayo haisviki mamirioni masere. Kuda kushoma kuri kuita kuti varimi vasaende kubasa pamwero mukuru. Mukutsvaga nzira dzekutengesa, muzvinabhizimusi akaisa pfungwa dzake kune vatengi vekunze. Sarudzo yakanakisa, mukufunga kwake, ingave yekupinda mumisika iri padyo neChina, South Korea neJapan nemamiriyoni avo evanhu. Chero ani anoronga kupihwa kweakachipa uye anonaka eRussia mbatatisi kune idzi nyika achawana mukana wese wekusimudzira.
Anoona tarisiro dzakanaka uye Dmitry Volkov, anotenda kuti vagadziri vemunharaunda vanogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa uye kuwedzera goho rembatatisi. Chigadziko chakasimba chesainzi, vashandi vanokwanisa uye chikoro chakasimba chekukura mbatatisi chakachengetedzwa kuFar East kubvira nguva dzeSoviet. Uye vapfuri vemazuva ano vanobudirira kugadzira mhando nyowani dzinokwikwidza nechivimbo nevatorwa. Uye kunyangwe mamiriro ekushanda evarimi akaoma chaizvo, unogona kushanda pano uye kuratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Irina Berg