Ikoko hakuzovi nekudzokorora kwekukwira kwakanyanya mumutengo we "borscht set" yakaitika munguva yechando yapfuura nekuda kwegoho rakanaka remiriwo. Asi, zvisinei neizvi, kushanduka kwemwaka mumitengo kwavari kucharamba kuri. Nyanzvi dzekambani "August" dzakataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvikuru zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa uye zvipembenene, zvirwere uye kudzora sora pazvirimwa zvemiriwo. - mukuru weRussia anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa (PPP).
“Mbeu dzemuriwo dzenzvimbo dzakakura (hanyanisi, matomatisi, karoti, tafura beet, kureva iyo inonzi borscht set) inoda zvikuru kuchengetedzwa. Kudiwa kwemakemikari uye zvipenyu zvigadziriso zvezvinangwa izvi kunokonzerwa, kunyanya, nenyaya yekuti basa remaoko riri kuwedzera kudhura nhasi, nepo kuwana huwandu hwakakwana hwebasa huri kudzikira uye zvinove zvisingaite kuwana nhamba yevashandi. kunyange nemari yakawanda, "anodaro Dmitry Belov, Musoro weDhipatimendi Rokuvandudza Chigadzirwa cheJSC Firm "Nyamavhuvhu".
Miriwo inobatwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere. Aya ndiwo fungal, mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya zvirwere, akawanda chaiwo tupukanana ayo anodzorwa nenhamba yakawanda yemishonga yakawanda-yakakura pane zvimwe zvirimwa. Nepo kune zvirimwa zvezvirimwa zvakakosha kushandisa gadziriro chaidzo, sekuti, semuenzaniso, kurwisa makonye ezvipembenene zvelepidoptera. Zvipembenene zvinodzivirira kukura kwezvipembenene, ovicides, larvicides, mite repellent, nezvimwewo zvinogona kudiwa.
Kudzivirirwa kunodiwawo usati wachengeta. Miriwo yakasiyana-siyana ine mazwi akasiyana zvakasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinowanzova Achilles 'chitsitsinho chekukura kwemiriwo: nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza dzinodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze dzinodiwa kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kudzivirira kukura kwezvirwere. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutumirwa kunzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvine hutano, uye kuchengetedzwa panguva yakakodzera kunokosha pano.
Chimwe chinhu chinotarisa kudiwa kwekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa muzvirimwa zvemuriwo kudhura kwembeu. Saka, mutengo wekirogiramu pasuru yembeu dzehanyanisi dzemhando yepamusoro unokwanisa kusvika mamirioni akati wandei. Zvisinei, zvirwere zvakadai se stemfiliasis kana peronosporosis, fusarium rot ye donuts, kuora kwemutsipa, pamwe chete netupukanana (somuenzaniso, thrips) zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwezvirimwa munzvimbo dzose dzehupfumi mukati memazuva mashomanana kana kutungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti. , mushure mekurasikirwa kwekuratidzwa, chigadzirwa chakadaro chinogona kutengeswa. zvigadzirwa hazvigoneke. Kugadzirwa mumapurazi emiriwo kazhinji hakuna kusiyana-siyana, sezvinoitwa nezvirimwa zvemumunda, apo, toti, kurasikirwa muchibage kunodzikiswa nemigumisiro yakanaka mukukohwa sunflower. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzeStavropol, Kuban, Volgograd, Saratov, Astrakhan, kune varimi vanonyanya kukoshesa hanyanisi, uye kana ikafa, hupfumi hwehupfumi hunofawo, uye kusakwanisa kubhadhara zvikwereti kunotungamirira kubhuroka. Nokudaro, pane zvishoma zvingaita kuti pathogen iwedzere, kurapwa kunoitwa netangi musanganiswa wemishonga inoshanda kurwisana nehosha yezvirwere.
Maererano nenyanzvi dzekambani iyi, zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza makabheji zvine chimwe chinhu chakafanana nehurongwa hwekudzivirira kwechirimwa chakakurumbira sechibharo: ndechemhuri imwechete yecruciferous. Mishonga yesora yakavakirwa, kunyanya, C-metolachlor inoshandiswa pano; kune zvinomera zvinopesana nemasora, clopyralid, picloram, etametsuron-methyl inoshandiswa. Nezvirwere, izvo zvakananga zvakangofanana: nerubatsiro rwemishonga yakanyoreswa zvakare kushandiswa pane rapeseed nezvimwe zvirimwa, kabichi inodzivirirwa kubva kuAlternaria, chena uye grey rot, uye mucous bacteriosis. Kune makarotsi muRussia, kune ivhu rinoshanda remishonga yesora uye herbicide yezvinomera zvinopesana ne dicotyledonous uye cereal sora; kune huwandu hwakakwana hwekugadzirira kwefungicidal kurwisa septoria, alternaria, downy mildew pamusika. Iyo tafura yebeet yekudzivirira chirongwa iri padyo neshuga beet kudzivirira chirongwa, nepo kuchengetedzwa kwemadomasi kuri munzira dzakawanda dzakafanana nekudzivirira mbatatisi, kunze kwekuti tomate inofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kuboka rekuora - grey uye sclerotinia, anthracnose pathogens. Kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, madomasi anodzivirirwawo kubva kune spider mite uye donje bollworm. Kana iri hanyanisi, yakanyanyisa kudzivirira system iripo munyika yedu zvichibva pakugadzirira kubva kumakambani emarudzi akawanda neRussia.
"Kudzora sora ibasa rinopedza nguva," anosimbisa Dmitry Belov. -Kunyangwe pari zvino basa remawoko rinoshandiswa munzvimbo dzekusakura, mushonga wesora unoitwa pamakarotsi, bhiti, hanyanisi, matomatisi uye makabheji. Kugadzirwa kwemichina inogona kutsiva iyo ichiri padanho rekutanga umo varimi vemagetsi vanoshandiswa vachishandisa michina yekuona matekinoroji uye neural network. Kunyanya kukwirira ndiko kudiwa kwekuzivikanwa uye kubviswa kwemasora nenzira iyi pazvirimwa zvakasvibirira, kusanganisira lettuce marudzi emakabheji. Kazhinji, pamusika wepasi rose wekurima, matekinoroji aya haasati asvika; mabhizinesi ekurima anonyanya kushandisa kudzivirira kwesora, sezvo, semuenzaniso, mumapurazi ane nzvimbo dzakakura dzevhu rinorimwa, kusakura nemaoko hazvigoneke. Kazhinji, kushandiswa kwemishonga yesora kwakatochengetedzeka pane kushandisa vashandi vasina shungu.”
Dambudziko remusika wePPP wezvirimwa zvemiriwo nderekuti mishonga yakawanda inogona kuvadzivirira kazhinji haina kunyoreswa kuti ishandiswe pavari muRussia uye haigone kushandiswa (kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvine zvakafanana zvinoshanda zvinonyoreswa uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa kuchengetedza miriwo kune dzimwe nyika. ). Asi maitiro ekunyoresa mushonga munyika yedu ndeokuti mitemo yekushandiswa inogadzirwa kune chimwe nechimwe chirimwa uye chimwe nechimwe chinokuvadza chakasiyana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kubhadhara kwekunyoresa mushonga unoshandiswa pamamiriyoni makumi mana ehekita ezviyo kuchave kwakakurumidza kakawanda kudarika mushonga unoshandiswa pa 40 hectares yemakaroti, saka, mishonga yezvirimwa zvakawanda yakanyoreswa kakawanda uye yakawanda muhuwandu hwehuwandu. Parizvino, musika wepamba wekuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa zvemuriwo ndeye 25-60% inogarwa nezvigadzirwa zvemakambani emarudzi akawanda. Kazhinji vanopa ese ari maviri zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa nembeu panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti nzira yekuenda kumutengi yezvigadzirwa zvavo ipfupi pane yevatengesi veRussia. Hofori dzekune dzimwe nyika dzakatanga kupinda mumusika wepamba uchiri kusimukira, pakange pasina makwikwi pakati pavo - makambani maviri-70 akagovana vatengi pazviri, zvisinei, musika wakagadzirwa pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwekugadzirwa kwekurima, kusimudzira zvinhu uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza. zvigadzirwa zvemiriwo. Nhasi, vazhinji vagadziri veRussia vanobudirirawo kushanda pairi.
Iyi nzira iri kuvandudzwa nekambani "Nyamavhuvhu", uye kana pakutanga yaifanirwa kuganhurwa kune mutsara weherbicide, nhasi assortment inosanganisira yemhando yepamusoro mishonga yezvipembenene uye fungicides yezvirimwa zvemiriwo, kusanganisira yakasarudzika inogona kugutsa zvese zvakakosha uye niche. zvinodiwa nevarimi vemiriwo. Kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mukupihwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa zvemiriwo nemakambani epamba kwave mumakore gumi apfuura.
“Muna 2022, pakanga paine mamiriro akanaka ekurima zvirimwa zvemuriwo, maererano nemamiriro ekunze uye kusavapo kwezvipembenene nezvirwere. Zvisinei, "borscht set" yose icharamba ichikwira zvishoma nezvishoma mumutengo, - anodaro Dmitry Belov. - Mbeu dzezvirimwa zvemuriwo dzichiri kushomeka mumunda wekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, mutengo wavo uri kukura, uye kunyangwe pasina kutaurwa nezveyero yekutsinhana. Mamwe makambani ekuRussia ari kushingairira kusimudzira nzvimbo iyi, asi kuti uwane mhedzisiro inooneka, basa rakadaro rinoda kuwedzerwa kakawanda. "
Nyanzvi iyi inoti kusvika pari zvino hapana zvisungo zvekudzikisa mitengo yefetereza, kana zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvirimwa, kana kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa michina yekurima. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunyangwe huwandu hukuru hwegoho remumba, hazvizoite kudzivirira kuendeswa kwemiriwo kubva kunze kwenyika muna Kurume naKukadzi muna 2023, sezvo shanduko dzakakosha mumidziyo yekuchengetera yeRussia, izvo zvaizobvumira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwezvigadzirwa. kwenguva refu zvisati zvaitika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kana pasina simba majeure zviitiko, mutengi angangodaro asingaoni kuchinja kwakanyanya mumutengo we "borscht set" iyo yakaonekwa mukati megore razvino.