Zhizha rino, varimi vekuRussia vari kunetsekana zvakanyanya nekupararira kwezvikwekwe - pakutanga vairwiwa zvakanyanya muminda yemichero, asi nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, nhasi vari kukurumidza kukanganisa zvirimwa zvezvirimwa zvakawanda. Kubuda kweakasiyana Lepidoptera kwakanyorwa zvakare, kunyanya, donje bollworm, meadow moth, kabichi moth. Izvi nezvimwe zvipembenene zvezvirimwa zvinoshanda muna 2022 zvakaudzwa nenyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu" - mugadziri mukuru wepamba wezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira chirimwa chemakemikari.
Kucherechedzwa kwevanhu muzhizha rino kwakakwezva kutiza kwemhashu kumaodzanyemba kweRussia - kunyanya, muKrasnodar Territory. Nyamavhuvhu nyanzvi dzinocherekedza: chekutanga, kubuda kwacho kwakabatana nehuwandu hwezvipembenene zvemuno. Dzinoisa njodzi huru kuvarimi, asi hadzisi njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, sezvinoonekwa semhashu dzinopinda muAfrica neAsia (Mhashu dzeItaly, Mhashu dzeMoroccan uye Asian Migratory Locust). Chechipiri, nzvimbo iri pasi pezvirimwa zvakakanganiswa nekuputika uku, zvakanyanya, zvishoma muzana zvenzvimbo yese inoshandiswa mukurima zvirimwa. Nyanzvi dzinosimbisa kuti nhanho yakakosha mukurwisa mhashu ndeyekutanga kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzayo. Sekutonga, aya matanda, makomba, mipata, matanda etsanga munzvimbo dzine hunyoro. Kuongorora kunoitwa uchishandisa manyore nzira uye nzira dzekuongorora. Nyanzvi dziri kutsvaga "mapodhi" emhashu, dzimwe nguva vanowana mapere. Nekudaro, izvo zvinogona foci zvinowanzonetsa kuwana, saka hazvigoneke nguva dzose kubvisa zvachose njodzi yekupararira kwezvipembenene.
Rimwe dambudziko ranga richibata varimi kwemakore akawanda nderekutyisidzirwa kuri kuita zvirimwa kubva muzvikwekwe. “Kunyange kare mhute iyi yainyanya kukanganisa minda yemichero neminda yemizambiringa, pamwe nembesa dzairimwa munzvimbo dzakavharirwa, iko zvino mhando yehupfu iyi iri kuramba ichipararira muzvirimwa zvemumunda. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze (nguva yechando inogara ichidziya) uye shanduko yechimiro chekurima pachayo. Zviyo zviri kuwedzera kukuvadzwa nezviyo zvechando (red-legged) mite uye microscopic cereal mite. Kana iyo yekutanga inogona kucherechedzwa chete pakuongorora zvirimwa, saka hutachiona neyechipiri hunogona kungosimbiswa nerubatsiro rwebinoculars, uye saka varimi vanowanzokanganisa kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa nechirwere chefungal etiology kana mhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze. Iyo spider mite, iyo yaimbokonzera kukanganisa kunyanya minda yemichero, minda yemizambiringa, greenhouses, ikozvino inotyisidzira soya beet uye shuga beet, uyezve, gore rino yakatanga kukanganisa sunflowers muCentral Black Earth Region, "anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. dhipatimendi kuJSC Firma Nyamavhuvhu.
Iyo kambani inoona kuti kurwisa zvikwekwe kwakaomeswa nezvinhu zvakati wandei. Chekutanga, ivo havana kungoonekwa munzvimbo dzakadyarwa munzvimbo dzakawanda kwenguva yakareba, izvo zvakakonzera kupararira. Chechipiri, zvipembenene zvakatanga kudzorwa nemhando yakajairika yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakakodzera kushandiswa pazviyo. Nekudaro, hapana pyrethroids kana organophosphorus makomisheni akagadzirirwa kudzora tupukanana akaratidzwa kuve anoshanda zvakanyanya.
Nekuda kwekutonga kwakakodzera, zvinodhaka zvakanangana nezvikwekwe zvinodiwa - acaricides, uyezve, izvo zvisingaite chete kune vanhu vakuru vezvipembenene, asiwo pamazai akaiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mishonga yakawanda yeacaricidal nhasi yakagadzirirwa kushandiswa mumapindu uye zvirimwa zvakakosha. Maitiro avo ekushandisa anoreva nzvimbo diki nemutengo wakakwira. Pazvirimwa zvakawanda sezviyo nesoya beans, hazvigoneke. Zvisinei, mhinduro dziri kutsvakwa nokuda kwedambudziko iri: kunyanya, "August" inopa varimi mushonga mutsva "Stiletto", iyo inosanganisira chinhu chinoshanda che biological origin abamectin, iyo inoshandiswa zvinobudirira zvose sezvipembenene uye se acaricide; kunyanya, chigadzirwa chakakodzera kudzora mite pasoya.
"Zvakakoshawo kubhadhara kupararira kwezvirwere zvehutachiona pazvirimwa zvezviyo, kunyanya, pagorosi yechando," anowedzera Dmitry Belov. – Wheat striated mosaic virus inotakurwa nemicroscopic mite. Kune varimi, chirwere ichi chaiva chishamiso - nguva yekupedzisira zvirwere zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakakomba zvakaitika makore anenge mana apfuura, uye zvino muzhizha rino pakava nekuputika zvakare. Chirwere chacho chakanyorwa muStavropol, Kuban uye munharaunda yeKaliningrad.
Rimwe dambudziko rakanyatsoratidzwa mumunda wekurima horticulture, uko kugadzirwa kwechirimwa chakadai sepeya chiri kuwedzera. Iye zvino ari kutyisidzirwa zvakanyanya neanoyamwa, uyo ariwo mutakuri wezvirwere uye asingadzorwi zvakanaka nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. Copperhead yave ichikonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kuminda yemichero kweanenge makore matatu akatevedzana.
Lepidoptera zvipembenene zvinoratidza chiitiko chinooneka gore rino. Munharaunda yeCentral Chernozem, kubuda kwekotoni bollworm kwakanyorwa. Maitiro echipembenene akave akafanana, semuenzaniso, muna 2014: kukura kwechizvarwa chechipiri chechizvarwa chekutanga chezhizha chakaitika pakupera kwaJuly - kutanga kwaAugust. Panguva ino, kureba kwezvirimwa zvakakuvadzwa zvikuru uye uwandu hwezvinomera hwazvo hwakanga hwasvika pakukosha kwazvo. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kugadziriswa kwechibage uye sunflower kunokwanisika chete nerubatsiro rwe-self-propelled high-clearance sprayers kana ndege, kusanganisira motokari dzisina mhepo. Nepo mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inotenderwa kurapa mundege haikwane parizvino. Kazhinji, kune zvinogadziriswa zvinogadziriswa, asi pakupera kwemwaka kazhinji pane kushomeka kwemishonga inodiwa. Sekutaura kwenyanzvi dzemuna “Nyamavhuvhu” kune mamwe mapurazi gonye redonje rakadya mashizha ose esunflower, asi dambudziko resoya beans riri shoma – gonye redonje rinokuvadzawo, asi zviri nyore kugadzira chirimwa ichi.
Kuwanda kwemeadow borer zvakare kwakakwira, iyo yaiwanikwa pazvinenge zvirimwa zvakarimwa - kubva pamiriwo kusvika kune zvirimwa zvemumunda. Nekuda kwekurapa nenguva, chirimwa kubva kune zvipukanana izvi chinogona kuponeswa. Kubuda kwehuwandu hwavo kwakacherechedzwa munharaunda yeCentral Chernozem, muAltai uye mune mamwe matunhu. Kukuvadzwa kwekubatwa chibharo necabbage moths kwakaonekwawo - semuenzaniso, muBashkiria, Tatarstan, Khakassia, uye Ryazan nharaunda. Zvisinei, kubhururuka kwezvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru mugore razvino kwakave kwakanonoka: yakanyorwa pakati paJuly, apo kubatwa chibharo kwakanga kwatopera munzvimbo dzakawanda. Izvi zvakabatsira zvikuru kurwisa zvipembenene, sezvo mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro njodzi yekukuvadzwa kwenyuchi dzinotora nekita muminda ye rapeseed yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Kazhinji, sezvakataurwa muna Nyamavhuvhu, muna 2022 mumatunhu mazhinji zvichiri kugona kudzivirira kurasikirwa kukuru kwegoho nekuda kwekupararira kwezvipembenene.