Alena Arkhangelskaya, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weCommerce weAgronomic Support, PhosAgro-Volga.
Zviyo zvechando zvakakosha mukushandiswa kwebasa rekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezviyo, sezvo ine goho rakakura kana richienzaniswa nembeu yechirimo.
Chimiro chekuvandudzwa kwezvirimwa zvechando inguva yekukura kwenguva refu uye kupatsanurwa kwehupenyu hwezvirimwa mumatanho maviri makuru. Yokutanga inowira mukudonha: kubva pakudyara kusvika kune inoramba ichitonhora. Yechipiri inovandudzwa muchirimo uye inoguma nekuumbwa kwenzeve uye kufa kwezvirimwa. Kukohwa kwezviyo zvechando kusvika pamwero wakafanana zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekufamba kwenguva mbiri idzi.
Muzvirimwa zvezviyo zvechando, chikamu chevernalization chinoitika munguva yekuvhuvhu-yechando. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinogadzirira zvidyarwa zveiyi nhanho ndeyekudyara kwemaminerari.
Kupa zvidyarwa nehuwandu hunodiwa hwe phosphorus uye potasium pane yakanaka tembiricha kutonga uye yakaringana kureba kwezuva kunobatsira kune zvishoma nezvishoma kosi yekuomesera uye kuwanikwa kwekuoma kwechando uye kusimba kwechando. Kuoma kwechando kwezvirimwa zvakanyanya kunoenderana nekugona kubata mvura kweprotoplasm. Kudzora kwekutonga kwemvura hakubatanidzi kufa kwezvirimwa zvechando kubva mukunyanyisa kana kushaikwa kwemwando. Phosphorus inogadzirisa kuenzana kwemvura yezvipenyu zvezvirimwa, inovandudza kunwa kwemvura uye inosimudzira kuumbwa kwemidzi yakasimba. Tichifunga kuti kukura uye kuumbwa kwechipiri midzi inoenderera mberi kusvika pachikamu chemusoro, zvinomera zvinoda phosphorus kubva pakumera kusvika pakuumbwa nzeve.
Kusvikira kumavhiki mana ezera, zvirimwa zviduku zvezviyo zvinotora phosphorus yakawanda kubva kune yakashandiswa fertilizer, uye gare gare, nekuumbwa kweiyo yakagadzirwa midzi, kubva muvhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzara ye phosphorus panguva iyi inokonzera kuderera kwezvibereko zvezviyo ne 30-37%. Kushaikwa kwemhando dzephosphorus dziripo panguva yese yekudzvanywa kunoita kuti zviyo zvisakohwewe, asi nekukwanisa kuumbwa kwegoho remashanga rakajairwa. Kushaikwa kwephosphorus kwakasara muchirimo, mushure mekunge zvirimwa zvabva muchando, zvinoderedzawo zvakanyanya goho rose, uye goho rezviyo rinogona kudonha kusvika zero.
Huyero hwe phosphorus uye nitrogen muminerari yekudyara kwezvirimwa zvakanyanya zvinoenderana ne synergistic zvimiro zvezvinhu. Ammonium chikafu muzvirimwa inounganidza yakawanda phosphorus pane nitrate chikafu. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzara ye phosphorus inononoka kushandiswa kwe nitrogen mumiti, izvo zvinotungamirira mukuunganidza nitrate nitrogen muzvigadzirwa.
Kuenzana kwe potassium nenitrogen kwakakoshawo. Mune nzara ye potassium, nitrogen haishandiswi zvizere, kunyanya kana tsime iri iri fomu yeammonia. Potassium ndiyo inokonzera kuunganidzwa kwehuwandu hunodiwa hwekuchengetedza zvinhu zvepurasitiki mumiti isati yarara, kunyanya shuga. Chigadzirwa chacho chakakosha pakuumbwa kwekushungurudzika kwezviyo zvechando. Chiyero chakazara chepotashi fetiraiza chinofanirwa kupihwa chirimwa mukutanga kwekudyara kushandiswa.
Nitrogen chikafu chinofanirwa kupihwa mumwaka wese wekukura, nekuda kwekusagadzikana uye kureruka kwechinhu chiri muvhu. Asi zvakakosha kufunga kuti yakawandisa pre-kudyara nitrogen chikafu chinokonzera simba rezvinomera kukura kwezvirimwa uye bushiness yakasimba. Kukurumidzira kuunganidza kwepamusoro pevhu, nekurebesa mukuumbwa kwemidzi, kunotungamirira kukudzikira kwekuoma kwezvirimwa kusati kwanyura, kuwedzera kwekukuvadzwa kwemashanga nehosha dzefungal, kugara kwezviyo uye kuderera kwegoho rezviyo.
Kuiswa kwegoho rezviyo kunoitika muchirimo, panguva kubva pakurima kusvika pashizha remureza. Muchikamu chekurima, mamwe mapfuti anoumbwa - huwandu hwese hwematande anobereka. Zvadaro, muchikamu chekupinda muchubhu, spikelets inoumbwa. Muchikamu chemashizha emureza, nhamba yezviyo mu spikelet inotarwa, uye mushure mekutumbuka caryopsis inokura. Maitiro ese aya anoda kukwana kwakakwana kwenitrogen uye solar insolation.
Kusikwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekukura kwezvirimwa zvechando muchirimo kunobatsira pakushandiswa kuri nani kwehunyoro uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvikafu nezvirimwa muchirimo. Nekutanga kwekupisa kwakadzikama, vanokurumidza kuwedzera mashizha avo uye vanotambura zvishoma kudarika kusanaya kwemvura kubva pakusanaya kwemvura. Kukurumidza kuibva kwezvirimwa zvechando kunodzidzivirirawo kubva kumhepo yakaoma.
Paunenge uchibva muchando, zvinomera zvinopera simba uye zvinotapukirwa nehutachiona uye zvirwere zvefungal. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita ekutanga kwechirimo mapfekero ane chinangwa chekusimudzira kukura kwechirimwa, activate regeneration maitiro. Iyo inonyanya kushanda midzi yekudya inokurudzira kukura kwechipiri midzi midzi uye kuunganidza kwezvinomera. Zvokudya zvinobva muvhu kubva pamidzi ye xylem zvinokwira kusvika kumashizha, kwazvinotorwa uye kugadzikwa kuita organic zvinhu, mushure mezvo zvinova chikafu, uye zvinodzokera kumidzi. Naizvozvo, zvirimwa zvechando zvinopindura kwete chete kune nitrogen fertilization muchirimo, asiwo kune phosphorus, iyo inovimbisa kudzika kwezvirimwa uye kuwedzera kuumbwa kwechipiri midzi. Iyo inonyanya kushanda mashizha uye midzi yekudyisa zvirimwa neammonium ortho- uye polyphosphates kubva mufetireza APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU). Kupfeka kwepamusoro kwezviyo zvechando APALIQUA® NP 11:37 (ZhKU) muchikamu chekurima kuchabatsira mukuwedzera kweiyo tillering coefficient, kuunganidzwa kwezvinomera, kuumbwa kwemhando yepamusoro yezviyo, izvo pamwe chete zvinobvumira kuwedzera goho.
Kuti uve nechokwadi chekukura kwezviyo zvechando, ivhu rinofanira kunge riine sarufa, magnesium, manganese, zinc, boron, mhangura uye zvimwe zvinoteedzera zvinhu. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti kupa zvirimwa zvegorosi zvechando nehuwandu hunodiwa hwemeso- uye microelements yakawedzera goho rezviyo ne 0,32-0,47 t / ha uye ne 1-2% mapuroteni.
Sezvo kushanda kwemeso- uye microelements kwakanangana nekuumbwa kwekupokana nehutachiona uye nzira yakanaka yevernalization nhanho, zviri nani kuunza microelements muvhu sechikamu cheiyo huru-yakareba-inoshanda mineral fertilizer. Imwe yemabhenefiti avo ndeyekupihwa kwakananga kwezvinhu zvekutsvaga kune chirimwa midzi system. Izvi, chekutanga pane zvese, hazvibatanidzi kushomeka kwezvinhu zvekuteedzera panguva yekukura uye nguva inobvira yekushushikana kwechirimwa. Mukuwedzera, kusanaya kwemhepo kunoderedza turgor yemasero emiti. Nekushaikwa kwehunyoro hwe intracellular, munyu wakadzika kubva mukuumbwa kwemicronutrient fertilizer panguva yekudya kwefoliar inogona kuita chepfu pazvirimwa - kukonzera kushushikana kwemunyu. Zvakare, kushandiswa kwekupfeka kwefoliar panguva yekusanaya kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa chinzvimbo chezvirimwa nekuda kwe activation yephotosynthesis, iyo inobatsira kune inoshanda synthesis yeshuga. Asi kushayikwa kwekunyorova kunomisa kufamba kwavo kwemukati, izvo zvinokonzeresa "jam" yeshuga, kumisa zvachose maitiro emagetsi muchirimwa.
Nhasi mutsara wemaminerari mafetireza anogadzirwa nePhosAgro ane anopfuura makumi mashanu mhando. Fetereza inogona kuva kubva pa50 kusvika ku2 zvinovaka muviri. Imwe neimwe granule ine zvinovaka muviri mune yakataurwa ratios.
Kune iyo huru midzi yekudyara kwezvirimwa zvechando pakudyara mukuvhuvhuta, tinokurudzira mabhureki ane yakakwira ye phosphorus uye potassium:
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + B neNPK (S) 10:26:26 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + B neNPK (S) 8:20:30 (2) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + B neNPK (S) 15:15:15 (10) + Zn,
- APAVIVA®+ NPK (S) 5:15:30 (5) + B.
Zvimwe pamusoro pePhosAgro mineral fertilizer:
+7 (495) 232-96-89