Ipo Ukraine ichizadzwa nemvura, uye vagari vemunharaunda vanogunun'una kuti havagone "kukwira" mubindu kuenda kumasora mbatatisi, vapepeti veAgroPortal.ua vakatanga kuongorora musika wembatatisi, nekuti mbatatisi ichiri "chingwa chechipiri" chemhuri zhinji dzeUkraine.
Ukraine inosvika chikamu chechina pasi rese maererano neakakura kugadzira mbatatisi, ichiburitsa matani anopfuura mamirioni makumi maviri pagore. Sekureva kweMinistry of Agrarian Policy, mu4 kugadzirwa kwakazara kwembatatisi kwaisvika zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri nemazana makumi mana ane makumi mashanu ematani ane gohwo repakati pe 20 c / ha. 2018% yembatatisi ichiri kurimwa pazvivakwa zvemumba - 22504 zviuru zvematani.
Kana dziri nzvimbo dziri pasi pembatatisi, 1303,7 zviuru mahekita dzakasimwa nevanhu uye 16,2 zviuru mahekita - nevarimi vekurima. Panguva imwecheteyo, avhareji goho rembatatisi mudzimba raive 169,4 c / ha, uye mukurima kwemaindasitiri - 252 c / ha.
Nyanzvi varimi vs dzimba
“Mapurazi ehunyanzvi ane mukwikwidzi ari muridzi wega asingatarise hupfumi zvachose uye anoshanda nembatatisi kuti ararame. Uhwu uzivi hwakasiyana zvachose - anodaro chiremba wesainzi yezvekurima, purofesa, mukuru wedhipatimendi rezve agrochemistry uye mhando yekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa yakatumidzwa zita rangu. A.I. Dushechkin NUBiP weUkraine, Anowirirana Nhengo yeNAAS yeUkraine Anatoly Bykin. "MuUkraine, pane mashoma mapurazi ehunyanzvi ane angangoita mahekita gumi embatatisi, asi anovhara zvido zvevagari, iyo yasara ndeye nyore kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinobva kumhuri".
Bhizinesi rembatatisi rinodhura ratotanga kubva kumunda, nekuti nzira chaiyo inodiwa isingashandiswe pakurima mimwe miriwo: chirimwa, muzinga wekare, nezvimwe. Uye iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa mari pane mbeu.
"Mari yepamusoro yembeu yekutanga kubereka inenge gumi UAH / kg, kuchengetedza i10 UAH, uye ndinodawo kuwana 1-1 UAH, zvinoitika kuti yekutanga kubereka inodhura 1,5-12 UAH," Bykin anotenda. - Zvino iwe, semugadziri wezvekutengesa, unoda kutenga matani gumi eiyi dzakasiyana. Unoda matani 14 pahekita, ndiko kuti, 10 * 3,5 = 35 UAH / t, isu tinowedzerawo 14 UAH yekurima. ""
Anatoly Bykin anoziva zvese nezvematambudziko ebhizinesi rembatatisi, nekuti anga ari mune iri bhizinesi kwemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe. Kambani yake "Biotech LTD" iri kuita kurima mbatatisi. Murimi anotenda kuti musika wembatatisi uri musango, nekuti unomanikidzwa nedzimba dzisingatarise hupfumi, asi dzinongokanda chigadzirwa mumusika chero mutengo. Panguva iyo mutengo wemutengo wevarimi uri 19 UAH, ivo vanotengesa kwe4 UAH. Zviri pachena kuti ndiani achava sarudzo yemutengi.
Nekudaro, iko iko iko kuona hakuna kuchinja. Sekureva kweMutevedzeri wegurukota reAgrarian Policy uye Chikafu cheUkraine Volodymyr Topchiy, kwemakore akati wandei huwandu hwakawanda hwembatatisi huchakurirwa mudzimba, sezvo chiri "chingwa chechipiri" pamatafura eUkraine chaiwo, imwe yacho inoshandiswa kufudza zvipfuyo zvakavanzika. Aya mamiriro haasi muUkraine chete, asi mune dzakawanda post-Soviet nyika.
"Zvinhu zvikuru zvinovhiringidza kugadzirwa kukuru kwematapiri muUkraine kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvine simba kunze kwenyika, nekuti nyika dzeEU, nekuda kwezvipfuyo uye zvimwe zvikonzero, hazvibvumidze Ukraine, senyika, kuitengesa mundima yayo, sezvo pamwe nekurambidzwa kwakaunzwa kunharaunda yayo kubvira 2015 Russian Federation. Tine zvikamu zvidiki zvekugadzira mbatatisi yezvokudya uye zvehunyanzvi, ”anodaro Vladimir Topchiy. - Zvisinei, iyo mbatata yeUkraine ichiri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera nzvimbo yayo pasi pekurimwa kwemaindasitiri. Vatengesi veChinese vava kugadzirira kuisa mari mukuvakwa kwemiti miviri yematatari munzvimbo dzeKiev neChernigov. "Chimwe chikamu chehurongwa hwepasi rose hwezvakatipoteredza hwekutsiva zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki nezvimedu zvine starch zviri kukurudzira kuwedzera kwekudyarwa kwembatatisi."
Kudzorerazve tete vanononoka
Kukura kwembatatisi ibhizinesi rakanyanyisa kuomarara, uye kana kugadzirwa kusingaitore, kunova kusingabatsiri. Sekureva kwaAnatoly Bykin, kugadzirisa kwakafanana na "tete vanononoka" avo vanoda hunhu uye vhoriyamu kwete mumwaka chete, asi gore rese.
"Hapana investor anozobvuma kuisa mari yavo kana iyo fekitori ichishanda mazuva zana nemakumi mashanu pagore, unoda 150," anodaro. - Uye iwo mashoma batch ndeye 330 matani eakafanana, emhando yepamusoro zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa chimwe chigadzirwa. Zviri pachena kuti sekuru vemumusha havazokwanise kuvhara mavhoriyamu akadaro, saka pano ramangwana ndere mabhizimusi ezvekurima, ”Anatoly Bykin anonyora.
MuUkraine nhasi, iwo madhairekisheni ekugadziriswa kwembatatisi ndiko kugadzirwa kwesitashi yemazambane, machipisi nemaFrench mafirizi.
Sekureva kweAssociation of Potato uye Starch Vagadziri veUkraine, parizvino mabhizinesi mana ari kuita kugadzirwa kwesitatashi starch. "Vimal", iri munzvimbo yeChernihiv, ine nzvimbo mbiri dzekugadzira matani zana nemakumi mashanu ekugadzira mbatatisi pazuva uye yakavhurwa munaGumiguru gore rakapfuura matani zana nemakumi mana nemana ekugadzirisa mbatatisi pazuva. PE "Levona" (Chernihiv dunhu) uye LLC "Zvigadzirwa zveStarch zveUkraine" (Kiev dunhu) zvine mazana maviri ematani ekugadzirisa pazuva. Iyo yakasanganiswa yekurima inobata CFG / MRIYA ine nzvimbo mbiri dzekugadzira matani zana nemakumi mashanu ekugadzira mbatatisi pazuva uye yakavhurwa muna150 kumatoni mazana matanhatu ekugadzira mbatatisi pazuva. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kusvika 1440, 200 yakasarudzika mabhizinesi ekugadzirwa kwesitatashi starch anoshanda muUkraine.
Kana zviri kugadzirwa kwemachipisi, vari kuita LLC "Chips Club" (Dnipro) uye LLC "Chipsy Lux" (Kiev dunhu), iyo inoshanda pamwe nezve makumi maviri nemakumi matatu emapurazi. Kugadzirwa kwemaFrench mafrigi kunoitwa nePJSC "Corporation" Interagrosistema "mudunhu reChernihiv.
“Mubvunzo unomuka, sei pasina vashanduri vakawanda? Nekuti kusagadzikana munyika nemusika zvakatemwa: nenharaunda - 7-10%, nehupfumi - 20%, nemusika wekushandisa mbatatisi - angangoita 50%, nekuti Donbass, Crimea neRussia dzakadya mbatatisi yakawanda. . Uye ikozvino hafu yemusika ichangodonha. "Naizvozvo kukura kwebatata kuri kurimwa munyika panofanirwa kunge paine mamiriro ezveupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika," anodaro Bykin.
Mbatatisi inonyangarika here kubva kuvarimi vakuru?
Anenge mazana zviuru mazana mashanu ematani embatata anogadzirwa gore rega rega muUkraine, izvo zvisiri chinhu zvichienzaniswa nekugadzirwa. Dzakawanda dzakabatwa idzo dzave dzichirima mbatatisi kwemakore dzichidzisiya zvishoma nezvishoma, dzinoti hazvibatsiri. Asi zvakadaro pane avo vari kuyedza kukwidza indasitiri ye mbatatisi kune imwe nhanho yeEurope.
Mwaka uno, iyo CFG / MRIYA yekurima inobata yakapa nharaunda yenzvimbo zviuru zviviri mahekita ematatata mumatunhu eTernopil neLviv. Iyo kambani inotarisira kuchengetedza maitiro ekuwedzera nzvimbo iri pasi peichi chirimwa neavhareji ye2-400 mahekita pagore.
Kana uchironga nzvimbo mune yekurima inobata, ivo vanotungamirwa nezvinodiwa zvevatengi, nekuti ivo varikudyidzana vari veUkraine uye vekunze vanogadzira machipisi. Chikamu chidiki chehuwandu hwevhoriyamu chinotengeswa muhuwandu kana kutumirwa kunogadziriswa (starch), nepo chikamu cheshumba (kusanganisira mbeu yezvinhu) chakapihwa vatengi.
Nhoroondo, zvese MRIYA neCFG zvagara zvichitora chikamu zvakanyanya mukukura mbatatisi uye zvine hunyanzvi hwese hweizvi, uye iri divi rekambani inosanganiswa richaramba rakarongeka. Zvakare, kuvepo kwembatatisi mukutenderera kwezvirimwa kune maitiro akanaka pazviratidzo uye kunobatsira kusiyanisa njodzi nezvirimwa.
Vatambi vatsva vari kuonekawo pamusika, semuenzaniso, BestPotato, iyo mukudonha kwa2019 inoronga kuvhura chirongwa chitsva chine chekuita nebhizinesi rembatatisi nekugadzirisa vachishandisa matekinoroji emazuva ano.
Pasina mbeu, chirimwa chakafa
Parizvino, mazana masere nematanhatu emhando dzembatatisi dzekunze nekune dzimwe nyika dzakapinda muRejista yeHurumende yeMhando dzeMiti Dzinokodzera Kugoverwa muUkraine, idzo makumi matanhatu neshanu dzakagadzirwa nekusarudzwa kwePotato Institute.
Kugovaniswa kwemarudzi embatatisi akagadzirwa neInstitute of Potato Kukura neboka rakasviba
Ripeness boka | Nguva yemiriwo | Nhamba yemhando dzakasiyana | Mhando dzakakurumbira |
Super mangwanani | 60-80 mazuva | 3 | Radomysl, Vzirets, Duma |
Kutanga kuibva | 80-100 mazuva | 17 | Povin, Serpanok, Skarbnytsya, Cimmeria, Shchedryk, Slauta, Tiras |
Pakati pekutanga | 101-115 mazuva | 13 | Svitanok Kievsky, Levada, Anofungidzira, Mezhirichka 11, Aria, Strumok |
Pakati-mwaka | 116-125 mazuva | 25 | Princess, Ivankovsky mangwanani, Letana, Miroslava, Charunka, Yavor, Slavyanka, Solokha |
Medium late | 126-140 mazuva | 5 | Sluch, Chervona Ruta, Poliske dzherelo |
Sekureva kweInstitute of Potato Growing, pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzesarudzo dzekunze, mavhoriyamu akakura mugore ra2018 ekukura mbatatisi yembeu akacherechedzwa pamhando idzi: Opal, Red Lady, Riviera, Verdi, Kibits, Melody, Aureya.
Nekudaro, maitiro ekugadzira mhando nyowani akareba - 8-10 makore anofanira kupfuura asati aendeswa kunzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuyedzwa, uyezvezve mamwe makore 2-3 ekuyedzwa pazvikamu zvakasiyana zveUkraine Institute for the Examination of Plant Mhando, inoteverwa nekupinda muRejista yemhando dzakasiyana. Ndokunge, pagore 3-6 mhando nyowani dzemapatatisi dzinoendeswa kuhurumende dzakasiyana kuyedzwa nesarudzo yeInstitute of Potato Kukura.
Kwenguva 2015-2019 21 mhando dzembatatisi dzakaberekwa neInstitute of Potato Growing dzakapinda muRegista yeMiti dzakasiyana siyana dzeUkraine. Gore rino, rejista yakazadzwa nemhando shanu nyowani: Basalia, Avangard, Alexandrite, Fotinia uye Tsika. 9 mhando dzembatatisi dziri kuongorora nyika dzakasiyana siyana: Alliance, Volodarka, Opillia, Bazhana, Sontsedar, Chakavanzika, Granary, Rodyna, Harmony.
“Basa guru rekambani iyi kutsigira kurimwa kwembeu, uye kuti ikwanise kutsigirwa, panofanirwa kunge paine mutengi. Inotendeuka kuva denderedzwa rinotyisa: murimi weUkraine haakwanise kutenga mbeu nekuti haisi pamusika, uye inzvimbo yekutsvagisa haigone kuiwanza nekuti hapana mutengi. Naizvozvo, varimi vazhinji vanosarudza marudzi ekunze, ”anodaro Anatoly Bykin.
Kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yematapiri kuInstitute of Potato Growing neDhipatimendi rePolesie Research mu2018 kwakasvika matani 1161,696 embeu. Iyo Institute of Potato Inokura gore rega rega inotengesa ingangoita 700-1000 matani emhando yepamusoro mbatatari mbeu.
Shanduko yemamiriro ekunze = shanduko yehunyanzvi
Bhandi rembatatisi rakagara rakaumbwa muUkraine: Lvov, Rivne, Zhitomir, Kiev, Chernigov, Sumy matunhu. Maodzanyemba, anonyanya kurimwa marudzi ekutanga, nekuti ipapo unogona kuwana zvirimwa zviviri.
“Kumaodzanyemba kweUkraine, zvinonetsa kwazvo kugadzira mbesa nekuda kwekudzikira kukuru uye mamiriro evakatakura hutachiona. Kune zvipembenene zvakadai semasvosve, izvo zvine chinobaya muromo zvishandiso: vakagara pachirimwa, vakazvibaya, vakayamwa muto ndokubhururukira kune mumwe. Kana iye akagara pamuti unorwara, akabva atora hutachiona nehunde yake ndokuiendesa kune imwe ine hutano. Iyo yakadzikira kumashure kwehutachiona hutakuri, kuchenesa mbatatisi ichave. Kana isu tichida kuwana goho diki, saka tinogona kukanganwa izvi, asi kana tichida kuwana goho rine hupfumi, ipapo nzvimbo yekutsemuka-inochinja inochinja pakati pe25-30 t / ha - iyi ndiyo huwandu hwembatatisi inoda kushandiswa kubhadhara zvinhu zvese, ”anodaro muridzi weBiotech LTD.
Sekureva kwaBykin, mbatatisi dzinotarisisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Iyo ine isina kugadzikana midzi midzi. Kana zvakaringana makore makumi maviri apfuura, iyo inonetsa tembiricha nguva yakatora mazuva akati wandei munzvimbo yekurima kwayo, ikozvino mwedzi miviri. Panyaya iyi, marudzi asinganetsi kusanaya kwemvura uye kupfeka kwemashizha kunodiwa kuitira kubatsira chirimwa kuti chimire nekushushikana (Chikumi / Chikunguru), ipapo chinozvimiririra pachako. Zvirinani kushandisa marudzi epamba muhunyanzvi, nekuti iwo ari nani akashandisirwa kune mamiriro ekunze uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Source: http://agroportal.ua/