D. Yu. Ryazantsev, E. M. Chudinova, L. Yu. Kokaeva, S. N. Elansky, P. N. Balabko, G. L. Belova, S. K. Zavriev
Iyo phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum coccode inokonzeresa zvirwere zvine njodzi mumapatatisi nematomatisi anozivikanwa seanthracnose uye tuber nhema nhema. Nemamiriro ehunhu, anowanzo kuve akaoma kusiyanisa kubva kuzvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemamwe ma microorganisms; pane michero yematomatisi yakasvibirira, chirwere ichi chingave chisina chiratidzo, chichizviratidza chete pamichero tsvuku yakaibva. Yekukurumidza uye kwakaringana kuongororwa kwepathogen, chaiyo-nguva PCR bvunzo system inopihwa. Kugadzira bvunzo system, kuteedzana kweiyo nucleotide yeiyo glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene ye45 C. coccode tambo dzakasarudzika kubva kumatatata tubers munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeRussia dzakatemwa.
Zvichibva pamhedzisiro yakawanikwa uye kuongororwa kwehumwe kuteedzana kwemamwe marudzi anowanikwa muGenBank dhatabhesi, zvisikwa-zvakasarudzika primers uye kuferefeta kweCoccode zvakagadzirwa. Kuongorora kusarongeka kweyakagadzirwa bvunzo system, PCR yakaitwa neDNA yakasarudzika kubva kune yakasarudzika tsika dzegumi neshanu dzakasiyana mhando dzehutachiona uye saprotrophic fungi inosanganiswa nemadomasi nembatata zvinomera (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillium, Phomopsis phaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium solani , Colletotrichum coccodes Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Helminthosporium solani, Phomopsis phaseoli, Neonectria radicicola, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium fulvum, C. cladosporioides). Kuvapo kweColletotrichum coccodes DNA kwakatemwa pachikumbaridzo chemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu, nepo mamwe marudzi akaonekwa mushure memakumi mana macircuit kana asina kuwanikwa. Iyo bvunzo system inoita kuti zvikwanise kuona zvakavimbika C. coccodes DNA kuwanda mukuwedzera kwe15 ng / mm20 mune yakaongororwa PCR musanganiswa. Uchishandisa yakagadziridzwa bvunzo system, kuvepo kweCoccode mumadomasi mashizha ane zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvefungal uye mune mbatatari tubers isina zviratidzo zvekunze zvechirwere zvakaongororwa. Mashizha ane zviratidzo zvehutachiona hutachiona akaunganidzwa kubva kuminda miviri yakasiyana muKrasnodar Territory, tubers - kubva kuminda munzvimbo yeKostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Rimwe shizha redomasi rine C. coccodes DNA rakawanikwa muKrasnodar Territory; kuvepo kwakakosha kweDNA yeiyi pathogen kwakaonekwa mu27 sampuli yematubhu akakura munzvimbo dzeKostroma, Moscow, Kaluga.
Nhanganyaya
Howa hwerudzi Colletotrichum ane ngozi phytopathogens inobata zviyo, miriwo, miriwo, michero isingagumi uye zvinomera zvebheri. Imwe yemhando dzinowanikwa kwese zera iri, Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr).
Hughes, ndiye anokonzeresa anthracnose uye nhema dema rembatatisi nematomatisi, uye inokonzeresa zvirwere zvezvimwe zvirimwa zvemhuri yeSolanaceae, incl. masora (Dillard, 1992). C. coccode inokanganisa ese epasi pevhu zvikamu zvemuti, mabhesi emashizha, mashizha, uye michero (Andrivon et al., 1998; Johnson, 1994). Pa peel yehutachiona hwembatatisi tubers, kukura kwemavara grey ane mitsara isina kujeka inoonekwa, pane iwo matema matema e sporulation uye microsclerotia anoonekwa zvakajeka. Munguva yekuchengetera, maronda ane zvinyoro zvinyoro anogona kuumba mumapurpu eiyo tubers, i.e. chirwere chinopinda anthracnose danho, izvo, zvisinei, iri zvikuru kushoma.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zviratidzo zveanthracnose (maronda eganda ane madiki madema madema) anowanzoita michero yemadomasi. Pamashizha, zviratidzo zveCoccode zvinoonekwa semavara matema akasviba, kazhinji akaganhurwa nenyama yero (Johnson, 1994).
Kukudziridzwa kwemavara matema pane ma tubers kunokanganisa kutaridzika kwavo, uko kunonyanya kutaurwa pakutengesa mbatatisi yakatsvuka-peel. Peel delamination inotungamira mukunyanyisa kubuda uye kuwedzera kurasikirwa kwekuchengetedza (Nzara naMcIntyre, 1979). Kukuvadza kune dzimwe nhengo dzezvirimwa kunotungamira mukurasika kwegoho, iro rakaonekwa mune yakavhurika uye yakavharwa pasi (Johnson, 1994; Tsror et al., 1999). Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa naCoccode zvakajairika munzvimbo dzese dzinogadzira mbatatisi pasirese, kusanganisira Russia (Leesa, Hilton, 2003; Belov et al, 2018). Kudzora kwezvirwere izvi kwakaoma nekuda kwekusakwanira kwekushandira kwema fungicides aripo kurwisa C. coccode uye kushomeka kwemarudzi asingagadzike (Verenga, Viga, 1995).
Inoculum yaC coccodes inogona kuramba iri mumbeu dzemidziyo (Verenga, Hide, 1988; Johnson et al., 1997), mhodzi dzemadomasi (Ben-Daniel et al., 2010), inorarama kwenguva yakareba muvhu, pamarara emiti. (Dillard, 1990; Dillard naCobb, 1993) uye mumasora (Raid, Pennypacker, 1987). Mabasa evanyori vanoverengeka (Verenga, Viga, 1988; Barkdoll, Davis, 1992; Johnson et al., 1997; Dillard, Cobb, 1993) vakaratidza kuti kukura kwechirwere mumateatate nematomatisi zvinoenderana nekuvapo ye inoculum mumbeu uye muvhu. Naizvozvo, kuitira kudzikisira kurasikirwa kubva pachirwere ichi, zvakafanira kuti uongorore (kusanganisira huwandu) hwezvimedu zvefungus iri mumidziyo yevhu, muvhu, mumbeu yemazamu tubers uye mhodzi dzemadomasi zvakaiswa kuchengeterwa. Morphological diagnostics muvhu nemiti yezvinhu inogona kuitwa chete nekuvapo kwemicrosclerotia, iyo, zvisinei, inowanikwawo mune mamwe marudzi efungi.
Zviratidzo pane tubers zvakafanana zvikuru nesilver scab inokonzerwa nefungus Helminthosporium solani. Kuparadzaniswa kweColletotrichum coccode uye Helminthosporium solani mutsika yakachena zvinonetsa uye zvinotora nguva yakareba nekuda kwekukura kunonoka pane svikiro. Kuti ukurumidze kuziva Colletotrichum coccode, zvinodikanwa kushandisa nzira dzekuongorora nzira. Nzira yakanyanya nyore ndeye polymerase cheni reaction (PCR) uye nekushandurwa kwayo - chaiyo-nguva PCR. Parizvino, bvunzo system yakavandudzwa nevanoongorora veBritish (Cullen et al., 2002) yenharaunda yeIT1 yeRNA inoshandiswa muEurope neUnited States. Kushandiswa kwaro kwakaratidza mhedzisiro yakanaka mukuongororwa kwevaRussia vari voga (Belov et al, 2018). Nekudaro, C. coccode inosiyana zvakanyanya uye kuwanikwa kwayo kubva kune imwechete DNA kuteedzana kunogona kutungamira kune zvisiri izvo mhedzisiro. Kuti uwane kuongororwa kwakavimbika, zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore akateedzana eDNA, ane hukama, isu takagadzira yekutanga test system iyo inobvumidza kuzivisa C. coccode nekuteedzana kweiyo glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.
Zvishandiso uye nzira
Kuti tiongorore hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hweyakagadzirwa bvunzo masystem, isu takashandisa tsika dzakachena dzemarudzi gumi nemashanu ehuswa yakaparadzaniswa nevanyori kubva kune dzakarwara sampuro yemadomasi mashizha nemichero, mbatatari tubers (Tafura 15). Zvekuzviparadzanisa, isu takatora mitezo yemiti ine zviratidzo zvehutachiona hutachiona, kwete inopfuura imwe nhengo pagwenzi.
Chidimbu chechubhu chine peel, chidimbu chemuchero wemadomasi, uye shizha rakakanganiswa rakaiswa pasi pebonocular microscope, mushure mezvo mycelium, spores, kana chidimbu chetishu zvakatamisirwa pane iyo agar medium (wort agar) mune Petri dhishi ine rakapinza dissecting tsono. Iwo akapatsanurwa aichengetwa pane agar slant mune bvunzo machubhu pa4 ° C.
Samples yemadomasi mashizha ane zviratidzo zvezvirwere zvefungal, zvakagadzirirwa kuongororwa, nekukurumidza mushure mekuunganidzwa (mumunda) zvakaiswa mu70% ethyl doro umo mavakachengetwa kusvika DNA yakazvimiririra. Mbatatari tubers yakaunzwa murabhoritari, ikasvuurwa (2 × 1 cm chidimbu) kubva kwavari, uye chando pa -20 ° С. Yakachengeterwa chando kusvikira DNA yakazvimiririra.
Tsika dzakachena dzefungi yeDNA yekuzviparadzanisa dzakasimwa mune emvura pea wepakati. Iyo mycelium yefungus yakabviswa kubva pakati pemvura, yakaomeswa pane firita pepa, yakaomeswa muinitrogen yemvura, homogenized, yakavharirwa muCTAB buffer, yakanatswa ne chloroform, yakadzvanywa nemusanganiswa we isopropanol uye 0.5 M potassium acetate, yakashambidzwa kaviri ne2% doro. Iyo inoguma DNA yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakasviba uye ikachengetwa pa -70 ° С (Kutuzova et al., 20). Kuunganidzwa kweDNA kwakayerwa kuchishandiswa HS DNA quantification kit yedhivhoni yakapetwa kaviri paQubit 2017 (Qiagen, Germany). Iwo akadhakwa uye echando sampuli akaiswa mukati memvura senitrogen, ipapo DNA kuburitsa kwakaitwa sezvakatsanangurwa pamusoro (kune mycelium yetsika fungal tsika).
Tafura 1. Kwakatangira mafungi maficha anoshandiswa mubasa
Zita remushroom | Dyara, nhengo | Nzvimbo yekusarudza |
---|---|---|
Colletotrichum coccodes 1, C. coccodes 2, C. coccodes 3, Ilyonectria crassa, Rhizoctonia solani | mbatata tuber | Kostroma dunhu, mbatatari tubers ye1st munda chizvarwa, chirimwa Red Scarlett |
Colletotrichum coccode 4 | shizha rembatata | Rep. Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola |
Helminthosporium solani | mbatata tuber | Dunhu reMagadan, pos. Tende, mbatatisi tuber |
Cladosporium fulvum | tomato shizha | Dunhu reMoscow, nyanya-yakabikwa nyanya |
Alternaria tomatophila | tomato muchero | yakatumirwa nevashandi veirabhoritari ye mycology uye phytopathology yeAll-Russian Research Institute yeDziviriro yeMiti |
Fusarium verticillium, Phomopsisphaseoli, Alternaria alternata, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus, Stemphylium vesicarium, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Acrodontium luzulae, Penicillium sp. | tomato muchero | Krasnodar Territory, Crimean dunhu, giredhi Kirimu |
Fusarium oxysporum | mudzi wegorosi | Dunhu reMoscow |
PCR yakaitwa pane DTprime gudzazwi (DNA-Technology). ZvePCR, zvekutanga uye ongororo yenzvimbo yakasarudzika yeglycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase gene yakashandiswa: kumberi primer Coc70gdf -TCATGATATCATTTCTCTCACGGCA, reverse primer Coc280gdr - TACTTGAGCATGTAGGCCTGGGT1, probe Iwo ekutanga anowedzera 213 bp dunhu.
Mhinduro yacho yakatora makumi mashanu ng yeDNA yakazara (kana uchiongorora mashizha uye machubhu) uye 50 ng (kana uchiongorora DNA kubva mutsika dzakachena dzefungi). Musanganiswa wekupindura (10 μl) wakaparadzaniswa neparafini yakatsemurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: iyo yepazasi (35 μl) yaive ne20 μl ye2 × reaction buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 750; 8.8 mM (NH200) 4SO2; 4 mM MgCl25; 2% Pakati-0.1), 20 mM yeimwe deoxynucleotide triphosphate, 0.5 pmol yeimwe primer, uye 7 pmol ye hydrolyzable fluorescent probe; iyo yekumusoro yaive ne4 μl ye1 × PCR buffer uye 10 U yeTaq polymerase.
Kuparadzaniswa kwemusanganiswa neparafini kunotendera machubhu kuti achengetwe kwenguva yakareba pakudziya kwe5 ° C uye kupa kutanga kunopisa kwePCR mushure mekuvadziisa kwemaminitsi gumi patembiricha iri pamusoro pe10 ° C. PCR yakaitwa zvinoenderana nechirongwa chinotevera: 80 ° C - 94.0 s (90 kutenderera); 1 ° C - 94.0 s; 30 ° C - 64.0 s (mashanu masekonzi); 15 ° C - 5 s; 94.0 ° C - 10 s (64.0 masekonzi); 15 ° C - chengetedzo.
Mhedzisiro uye hurukuro
Iwo akateedzana eiyo glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase geni yakatemwa mumatara makumi mana nemashanu akasiyiwa kubva pamashizha, madzinde, mbatatari, uye michero yemadomasi (Kutuzova, 45) kumatunhu akasiyana eRussia. Iwo akateedzana akateedzana eese maronda akapatsanurwa kuita maviri mapoka akasiyana mune maviri nucleotides. Nongedzo ye nucleotide yevamiriri vemapoka ese ari maviri pasi penhamba KY2018 uye KY2 inoiswa muGenBank.
Iwo ekutanga coc70gdf, coc280gdr uye iyo cocgdz probe yakagadzirwa pahwaro hwavo yakaongororwa vachishandisa iyo BLAST chirongwa (www.zani.nlm.nih.gov/blast) pane ese akateedzana eiyo glycerol triphosphate dehydrogenase geni remhando dzerudzi rweColletotrichum uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvinowanikwa mudura reGenBank.
Hapana maDNA matunhu ezvimwe zvipuka zvine hunyanzvi hwekutanga uye ongororo yakawanikwa.
Iko kunzwisisika kweiyo bvunzo system kwakatariswa uchishandisa masampuli ane akasiyana masisitimu e C. coccodes DNA, DNA kubva pazhizha rembatatisi rakatapukirwa neantracnose (yakaunganidzwa muna 2017 muMari El, dzakasiyana Red Scarlett), uye peel yematubhu akakanganiswa nharaunda nhema (yakaunganidzwa munzvimbo yeKostroma, dzakasiyana Red Scarlett, Tafura 2). Kusimbisa kuvepo kweDNA mumachubhu nemashizha embatatisi, C. coccode strains dzakaparadzaniswa navo mutsika dzakachena.
Mhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwekunzwa kweiyo bvunzo system inoratidza kuti inogona kushandiswa kubudirisa kuongorora kuvapo kweC.coccodes DNA mune sampuro apo zvese zvirimo musanganiswa wePCR zvinodarika 0.05 ng. Izvi zvakakwana kuti zvionekwe, sezvo imwe sclerotia iine, paavhareji, 0.131 ng, uye imwe spore ine inenge 0.04 ng yeDNA (Cullen et al., 2002). Iyo bvunzo system yakagadziriswa neboka reChirungu (Cullen et al., 2002) yakaratidza kunzwisisika kwakafanana (chikumbaridzo chinotenderera 34 pa0.05 ng DNA uye 37 pa0.005 ng).
Kuongororwa kwemasampuli echisikigo ane C. coccode mune zvese zviitiko zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuratidza zvakavimbika kuvepo kwayo muyenzaniso (Tafura 2). Iyo nzira yakatsanangurwa yekuzviparadzanisa kweDNA yaishandiswawo pakuongororwa kwesampuli yemiti.
Tafura 2. Kutsunga kwekunzwisisa kweiyo yakarongwa bvunzo system yekucherechedzwa kweColletotrichum coccode yeiyo chaiyo-nguva PCR
Образец | Huwandu hweDNA mumuenzaniso *, ng | Threshold kutenderera | Kuonekwa kweCoccode |
---|---|---|---|
Mycelium Colletotrichum coccodes | 50 | 21.3 | + |
5 | 25.7 | + | |
0.5 | 29,7 | + | |
0.05 | 33.5 | + | |
0.005 | 40 | - | |
0.0005 | 42.8 | - | |
0.00005 | - | ||
Tuberi peel 1 | 50 | 32 | + |
Tuberi peel 2 | 50 | 30 | + |
Tuberi peel 3 | 50 | 31.5 | + |
Shizha rembatatisi | 50 | 29.5 | + |
Tarira. * Mumusanganiswa wePCR zvigadzirwa.
Kuyedza iko kusarongeka kweiyo bvunzo system kwakaitwa pane DNA masampuli akaburitswa kubva pamarudzi gumi neshanu efungi. Mhando dzese dzefungus dzakasarudzika nevanyori kubva kune zvakakanganiswa uye zvine hutano michero nemashizha etamati, mbatatari tubers; kumwe kushushikana kwaive kwakasarudzika kubva kumidzi yegorosi (Tafura 15). Pakati pemhando dzakasarudzika kubva pamusoro pechibereko, kune mamwe marudzi asiri pathogenic yedomasi (semuenzaniso, Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus).
Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti C. coccodes DNA yakaonekwa pachikumbaridzo chemakumi maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu, nepo mamwe mafungus asina kuwanikwa kana kupihwa chiratidzo mushure mechikamu che20, icho chinogona kunzi chisingaite ruzha mhedzisiro (Tafura 27).
Tafura 3. Kuongorora bvunzo system yemhando dzakasiyana dzehowa
Zita remushroom | Threshold kutenderera |
Colletotrichum coccodes 1 | 20.9 |
C. makokodhe 2 | 22.6 |
C. makokodhe 3 | 23 |
C. makokodhe 4 | 22 |
Fusarium oxysporum | > 40 |
F. verticalillium | > 40 |
Rhizoctonia solani | > 40 |
Phomopsis phaseoli | > 40 |
Alternaria alternata | > 40 |
A. tomatophila | > 40 |
Helminthosporium solani | > 40 |
Phellinus ferrugineovelutinus | > 40 |
Stemphylium vesicarium | > 40 |
Ilyonectria crassa | > 40 |
Cladosporium cladosporioides | > 40 |
C. fulvum | > 40 |
Acrodontium luzulae | > 40 |
Penicillium NS. | > 40 |
Tarira. * Huwandu hweDNA mumasampuli ese hwaive gumi ng.
Iyo yakavandudzwa bvunzo system yakashandiswa kuzivisa C. coccode mumadomasi mashizha esampuli ane zviratidzo zveecrotrophic utachiona uye mbeu yemazamu tubers isina zviratidzo zvinooneka. Zvekudzidza, takatora mhodzi dzemidziyo yemhando dzakasiyana dzakarimwa munzvimbo dzeKostroma, Moscow, Kaluga, Nizhny Novgorod. Kuvapo kweC. Coccodes DNA kwaionekwa sekukosha mumasampuli, mukuwongorora uko chikumbaridzo chakasapfuura makumi matatu neshanu. Ukoshi uhwu hwechikumbaridzo hwakasarudzwa zvichibva pakutsiga kwakatendeka kwe35 ng yaC coccodes DNA (chikumbaridzo 0.05, Tafura 33.5) uye nenyaya yekuti chikumbaridzo chiri pamusoro pemakumi mana, isina kunyatsojeka DNA yemamwe mafungi marudzi akaonekwa. Nemaitiro aya, kuvepo kwakakosha kweCoccodes DNA kwakaonekwa mumasampuli mashanu ematubhu akakurira muKostroma, Moscow, Kaluga matunhu uye mune rimwe shizha redomasi kubva munzvimbo yeYeisk yeKrasnodar dunhu (Matafura 2, 40).
Tafura 4. Kuonekwa kweColletotrichum coccode pane mbatatari tubers *
Muenzaniso nhamba | Mbatatisi dzakasiyana | Kukura nzvimbo | Kuonekwa kweCoccode | Threshold kutenderera |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tsvuku Tsvuku | Kostroma dunhu | + | 35 |
2 | + | 35 | ||
3 | - | 38 | ||
4 | Sante | Dunhu reMoscow | + | 34 |
5 | - | |||
6 | - | 41 | ||
7 | - | 41.8 | ||
8 | + | 30 | ||
9 | Zhukovsky mangwanani | Dunhu reMoscow | - | 40.5 |
10 | - | 40.6 | ||
11 | - | |||
12 | Molly | Kaluga dunhu | + | 34.3 |
13 | - | 38.4 | ||
14 | Kufungidzira | Kaluga dunhu | - | |
15 | Gala | Nizhny Novgorod dunhu. | - | |
16 | - |
Tarira. * Huwandu hweDNA mumasampuli ese hwaive gumi ng.
Tafura 5. Kuonekwa kweColletotrichum coccode pamashizha etamati *
Muenzaniso nhamba | Kukura nzvimbo | Kuonekwa kweCoccode | Threshold kutenderera |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Krasnodar Territory, Dunhu reCrimea | - | |
2 | - | ||
3 | - | ||
4 | - | 45 | |
5 | - | ||
6 | - | ||
7 | - | ||
8 | - | ||
9 | Krasnodar Dunhu, Yeisk Dunhu | - | 39.2 |
10 | - | 40.8 | |
11 | - | ||
12 | - | 41.6 | |
13 | - | 40 | |
14 | - | 41 | |
15 | - | 41.9 | |
16 | - | ||
17 | - | ||
18 | - | 40.3 | |
19 | - | ||
20 | - | ||
21 | + | 34.5 | |
22 | - | ||
23 | - |
* Huwandu hweDNA mumasampuli ese hwaive makumi mashanu ng.
Iyo bvunzo system yakagadzirwa nesu haina kushomeka kune iyo yakagadziriswa neBritish vaongorori (Cullen et al., 2002) mukunzwisisa uye kusarongeka uye inokodzera kuongororwa kwemasampula emiti. Kuiswa kwaro kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwembeu kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuziva C. coccodes DNA mumachubhu pasina zviratidzo zvekunze zvekukuvara uye kuongorora zvinobudirira hutachiona hwemashizha.
Kusvika pari zvino, hapana kuongororwa kwematatata tubers kune infestation yeC. Coccode yakaitwa muRussia. Chidzidzo chedu chekutanga chakaratidza kuti kubva gumi neshanu yakaedzwa mbeu yemidziyo yakasimwa mumatunhu akasiyana eRussia Federation, mashanu ane C. coccode. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti dema dema rembatatari tubers chirwere chakajairika chembatatisi muRussia, uye basa rayo mukuderedza huwandu uye mhando yechirimwa chembatatisi chakadzikiswa.
Kuongororwa kwemadomasi mashizha kwakaratidza kuvepo kwakakosha kweCoccode DNA mune rimwe shizha kubva kuYeisk Dunhu reKrasnodar Territory. Pakutanga, pakuongorora minda yemadomasi kumaodzanyemba kweRussia vachishandisa bvunzo yeBritish (Cullen et al., 2002), mashizha ane C. coccode akaonekwa, uye mune mimwe minda chikamu chakakura chemashizha akabatwa neCCcocode akawanikwa (Belov et al., 2018). MuKrasnodar nePrimorsky Territories, dunhu reMoscow, takawana michero yemadomasi, yatakakwanisa kupatsanura tsika dzakachena dzeCoccode. Zvinogoneka kuti C. coccode yakanyanya kupararira pamadomasi kuRussia kupfuura izvo zvirikudavirwa parizvino, uye kukuvadza kwayo kunotarisirwa pasi.
Nekudaro, kusvika parizvino, ruzivo rwakakwana rwakaunganidzwa pamusoro pekupararira kwakapararira kweCoccode pamatato nematomatisi.
Kuti unzwisise zvirinani basa reiyo fungus mukukudziridzwa kwezvirwere zvembatatisi uye zvematomatisi, zvakafanira kuongorora kuwanda kwayo muRussia, kudzidza nezve chikamu chevhu nembeu hutachiona, uye nebasa renzvimbo nhema mukutadza panguva yekuchengetedza. Iko kushandiswa kwePCR diagnostics kunogona kusimudzira basa iri, uye kushandiswa panguva imwe chete kweese maedzo masystem kuchanyanya kuwedzera kunyatso kweyekuongorora.
Iri basa rakatsigirwa nerubatsiro kubva kuRussia Science Foundation Nha. 18-76-00009.
Chinyorwa chakaburitswa mumagazini "Mycology uye Phytopathology" (vhoriyamu 54, Nha. 1, 2020).