Glyphosate ichiri kutungamira chiChina chinotungamira kunze kwenyika, kunyangwe kutengesa kwemishonga yemakwenzi kazhinji yakawa.
Pfupiso yemushumo "Kuongororwa kweazvino data pamusoro pekunze nekutengesa mishonga muChina uye neramangwana maitiro" neICAMA (Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture yePeople's Republic of China), yakapihwa kumusangano wekutengesa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka muChina (CPEW 2019), yakarongwa neAGROPAGES.
1. Kunze uye kuendesa kunze kwenyika mishonga yezvipembenene iri kusangana nematambudziko, nepo kunze kwenyika kwehunyanzvi michina yezvipembenene zvakawedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura mafomati
Kuendesa kweChina nekutengesa kunze kwenyika mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka muhafu yekutanga ye2019 yakatarisana nematambudziko makuru. Nepo huwandu hwakazara hwekupinza kunze kwenyika hwakakwira kusvika padanho idzva remadhora zviuru mazana mana nemakumi masere nematatu emadhora, kupinza mishonga yezvipembenene nekutengesa kunze kwakakura kungori 4%, yakaderera zvakanyanya kupfuura 473% muna2,4. Pakati peizvi zvese, kunze kwenyika kwaisvika US $ 8,3 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kwe2018% zvakanyanya pasi pekukura kwemadhijiti maviri mumakore apfuura.
Kuwanda kwekutumirwa kwezvinhu zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi kune mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kunoratidza shanduko dzinotevera, zvichibva patafura iri pamusoro.
Kubva 2011 kusvika 2017, kutumirwa kwemichina yekuuraya mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kwakaderera kubva pa63,2% kusvika 56,3%, uye kuumbwa kwacho kwakawedzera kubva pa36,8% kusvika 43,7%. Kubva muna 2018, kutumira kunze kwenyika zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi zvemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kwakatanga kukura, zvichidarika makumi matanhatu muzana, nepo kunze kwekuburitswa kwemafomu kwakaderera.
Kana zviri zvekurongedza, kukosha kwekutumira kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye kugadzira kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka mumahara ekutanga e2019 yakasvika pamadhora mazana matatu nemakumi manonwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe emadhora, iri 3,169% yakawanda, nepo kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwekuumba mumidziyo yekutengesa kwaisvika $ 2,1 bhiriyoni - kuwedzera kwe1,009% .
Kunyangwe kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa mumashure zvichitakura kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana chete, kukura kwekutengesa kwezvakagadzirwa mukutengesa kutengesa zvakakwira kupfuura mukutakura kwemaindasitiri.
Zvipembenene Zvemishonga... Kutengesa zvipembenene kwakawedzera mune zvese mutengo uye huwandu muhafu yekutanga ye2019, ne14,5% uye 20,8%, zvichiteerana.
Fungicides yakatora nzvimbo yechipiri ne6,4%, uye kuburitsa kwezvekukura kwezvirimwa kwakadzikira ne 27,6%.
Kutengesa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emakwenzi, ayo anoverengera kwehafu yezvakakosha zvekutengesa kunze, akadonha kubva pamadhora zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu nemakumi manonwe gore rakapera kusvika kumabhiriyoni 2,265 gore rino, uye kunze kwenyika kwakadonha kubva pamakumi mashanu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu ematani kusvika pamakumi mashanu mazana mapfumbamwe mazana mapfumbamwe nemazana masere, pasi pe2,163% uye 520 , 300%, zvichiteerana.
2. Kunze kune Latin America kwakaratidza kukura kwakanyanya: bifentrin, celodim, uye chlorothalonil vakaita basa rakakosha
Kunze kunotengeswa kuLatin America, inova yechipiri yakanyanya kukura Chinese mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, yakakura zvakanyanya: kutumira kunze kwenyika kwakawedzera madhora mabhiriyoni 1,223, anokwana makumi matatu nenhatu kubva muzana panguva imwe chete iyoyo.
Africa yakatenga huwandu hukuru hwekubika.
Brazil, semusika wechipiri wakanyanya wekuuraya zvipuka kubva kuChina, wanga uchitenga nemoyo wose kutenga zvigadzirwa zvemakambani.
Nekudaro, mutengo wemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakatumirwa kuBrazil yakawedzera kubva pamamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi manonwe emadhora emari imwe chete iyoyo gore rapfuura kusvika pamakumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu emadhora emadhora - kureva kuti, kune kuwedzera kwe397% kuwedzera.
Kunze kwenyika kunoenda kuArgentina kwakave kwechipiri, nepo zvinhu zvinotumirwa kuUnited States (musika wakakosha weChina mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka) wakadonha 9,2%.
Kunze kwenyika kuenda kuIndia kwawedzera ne11,8%, nepo kunze kwenyika kune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia, seThailand, Vietnam neIndonesia, kwakadzikira.
Asia ndiyo zvakare musika wakakura wekuuraya zvipuka. Kutengeswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka muhafu yekutanga ye2019 inofungidzirwa kuita madhora 1,259 bhiriyoni, iyo iri 2,8% yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nemadhora mabhiriyoni 1,295 munguva imwe cheteyo ya2018, asi zvakadaro inoita 30% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengesa kunze.
Nezvibodzwa zvinoshanda. Maererano nedatha kubva kumhando yepamusoro yekuparadzira hutachiona, glyphosate ichiri chigadzirwa chikuru chekuChina, ichiteverwa neparaquat, kunyangwe kutengesa kwakadonha zvakanyanya, ukuwo kutengesa kweBifentrin kwakasvetuka zvakanyanya ne 10% muhafu yekutanga ye276,7 kana ichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana. mwaka wegore rapfuura. Kunyanya kukura kwekutengesa kwakanyorwa maererano necelodime, emamectin uye chlorothalonil.
3. Nekuda kwehondo yekutengeserana pakati peChina neUSA, kusagadzikana mukufanotaura kwekuparadzirwa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kwakawedzera
Pakati pa1978 na 2018, kutengeswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene munyika kwakawedzera. Kumwe kuwedzera kunotarisirwa muna 2019, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvepasi rese zvekugadzirwa kwechikafu.
Panyaya yekuChina kutumira mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, United States ichiri misika yeChina yekutengesa kunze kwenyika. Nekudaro, kukosha kwekuChina chinotengeswa kunze kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kuUnited States muhafu yekutanga ye2019 kwakadzikira ne9,2%.
Chati inotevera inoratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekuChina kwekutengeswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kuUnited States gore rapfuura, 2018. Kuderedzwa kwekutanga kunogona kukonzera kuti kutumira kwekunze kweUS kudzikire gore rino.
Hondo yekutengeserana yeSino-US muhafu yekutanga yegore rino yakakanganisawo kutengeswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kuChina.
Iyo yekuChinese mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka inoita basa rakakosha muchimiro chekugovera kwepasi rose, uye kudiwa kwaro kunoramba kuri muUnited States. Nekudaro, kupokana kwemitero pakati penyika mbiri idzi hakuna kugadziriswa, zvakakonzera kusagadzikana kunokanganisa indasitiri yekuChina yekuuraya zvipuka, pamwe nemitemo yakasimba yekudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mitemo yekuchengetedza vashandi yakagamuchirwa muPRC.
ICAMA, inotsigirwa nebazi rezvekurima uye Rural Affairs yeChina, pari zvino iri kushanda kuti iite hurongwa hwakakodzera hwekutsigira mabhizinesi ane chekuita nekupinza uye kutengesa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, sekuderedza nguva yekunyoresa nemitero yetsika. Uye zvakare, matanho ekutsigira ari kutorwa kukurudzira kutengeswa kweidiki-piki mafomu.
Verenga zvakawanda: https://www.agroxxi.ru/