Zvishandiso uye mitengo yekushandisa
Mikhail Evgenievich DANILOV, Director we "Nyamavhuvhu" Kushambadzira nekutengesa, anoenderera mberi nenyaya yake nezve simba rezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana nezve kushanda kwemushonga wezvipembenene. Zvinyorwa zvakapfuura zvakurukura zvinoitika zvehunhu hwemvura uye mamiriro ekunze pane mashandiro echipfira uye maitiro emadonhwe panguva yekupfira. Iye zvino tichataura pamusoro pemidziyo inoshandiswa kuisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka.
Kune yakawanda yezvirimwa, boom sprayer inowanzo shandiswa. Iyi ndiyo "nhumbi" kubva kwatinogona kurova chinhu chakanangwa nenzira kwayo uye nenguva, kana isu tichapotsa. Uye nekudaro, kushanda kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kunoenderana zvakanyanya nehunhu hwayo nemamiriro ekushandisa.
Kugadzirira SOLUTION
Chikamu chekutanga che sprayer, isati yatanga kurapwa chaiyo, iko kugadzirira kwekugadzirisa mhinduro. Uye basa redu ndere kuita mhinduro inoshanda kuitira kuti gadziriro igove zvakaenzana muhuwandu hwayo, isingaunganidze munzvimbo dzakamira dze sprayer, haina kuumba kunaya kana kuwumbana kweiyo inversion emulsion, nezvimwe.
Mutsara wakakosha mune rondedzero yekugadzirira kwesarudzo inoshanda ndeye "kana musanganisi ari kumhanya (akatendeuka)" mukusiyana kwakasiyana (musanganisi anogona kutsanangurwa se "michina", "hydraulic", "kushanda zvakanaka" kana "kugara uchishanda").
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, zvikepe zvevapfapfaiza mumapurazi mazhinji zvakagadziridzwa, zvisinei, kwavo kwakasiyana maererano nehunhu kuchiri kukuru. Uye mukuita kwangu, ndakasangana nevasprayer (handingaite kushambadzira kana kupikisa-kushambadzira kune chero munhu), uko muchina wekumutsa anotanga kushanda chete kana chipfapfaidzo chichifamba, uye nekudaro maitiro ekugadzirira mhinduro "ine agitator yakavhurwa" hazvigoneke. Kuti kuderedze njodzi yekunyongana kwemishonga isina kunyungudika (muchimiro cheSP kana EDG, semuenzaniso), mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvine musoro kugadzirira stock inoshanda solution.
Uye zvakare, inofanirwa kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti kana chipfapfaidzo chakafanana chakawedzerwa mutangi, mishonga yakawanda inonyura pasi nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, iyo yakakura kudarika yemvura. Uye izvi, muchiitiko chekugadzirira kwemasanganiswa etangi, zvinogona kutungamira mukuumbwa kwenzvimbo isina kusimba. Kuchenesa kunotevera kwemidziyo kunova rakaoma basa. Neimwe nzira ini pachezvangu ini ndakaona kutambudzwa neakadaro chipfapfaidzo kana ndichiedza kugadzira tangi musanganiswa we "Nyamavhuvhu" Tornado neHerbitox: iyo "kongiri" yakaumbwa pasi pechipfapfaidzo haigone kumutswa neanitator iyo inotendeuka chete kana uchityaira.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti urangarire kuti kana uchigadzirira mhinduro yekushanda, iyo huwandu (kusiyana nesvomhu) zvinoenderana nekutenderwa kwemazwi mune iyo equation. Semuenzaniso, mafomu mazhinji muchimiro cheemulsion concentrate (EC) anowanzo gadzira inonzi inverse emulsion. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, patinowedzera mushonga kumvura, ipapo madonhwe madiki ekuumbwa mumvura anoumbwa - emulsion yatiri kuyedza kuwana, asi kana ukadururira mvura mumushonga, unowana madonhwe madiki emvura mumushonga, ndokuti, inversion emulsion. Inogona kuve yakanyanyisa kukora uye kugadzikana uye inogona kuve yakaoma kwazvo kusimbisa nekuwedzera mvura uye inomutsa. Zvakare, maitiro aya anofambidzana nekuvhara kwese kwese uye wese munhu ari mu sprayer ane anoenderana makomendi evashandisi vemuchina uye agronomists kune vanogadzira. Njodzi ye "inverse emulsions" inofanirwa kutakurwa mundangariro, sezvo akasiyana ma sprayers ane akasiyana nzira yekukodha nzira anogona kutungamira kune zvisingafadzi kushamisika.
Kuenderera mberi nehurukuro nezve huwandu hwunoshanduka kubva mukubvumidzwa kwematemu, misanganiswa yetangi yemishonga inofanirwa kugadzirirwa mukuteedzana (sekutonga, kubva kusanyungudika zvishoma kusvika kune yakanyungudika), sekurudziro inogadzirwa nevagadziri, vachiwedzera mumwe nemumwe unotevera mushonga mushure mekutanga waputswa zvachose. Iyo chete mishonga pachayo kana amai varo doro rinobhadhariswa kuburikidza ne pre-tank, asi kwete mvura. Uye kuitira kuti kuderedze mukana we "kushamisika" kwatova mu sprayer, zvakafanira kutanga watarisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kuti ienderane (kunyanya kana zvasvika kune zvigadzirwa kubva kune akasiyana vagadziri uye kusanganisa kwausingazive kwauri kubva kuchiitiko).
KUSVIRA KWEMAITIRO
Isu tinofungidzira kuti nekutanga kwekumwaya, nzira dzese dzesprayer, kubva pombi, mapaipi, mafirita uye akananga kumabhomba ekupfapfaidza, ari mugwara rakanaka, kumanikidza kuri muchirongwa kunochengetwa padanho rinodiwa, hapana chinoyerera, uye kupararira kweyekuyerera kwemvura mumazizi emushonga panguva yekuyedza haapfuuri gumi %. Kana iyo mikova yakambocheneswa neawl, screwdriver kana bhurasho resimbi uye munhu anogona kungorota kwe10% kupararira uye yunifomu yekupfapfaidza, saka anozotsiviwa nema sprayer anoshanda.
Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukafuratira majekiseni? Pane imwe nguva isu patakagamuchira mibvunzo kubva kune mutengi nezve yakasimba mhedzisiro yeiyo herbicide Lapis Lazuli pane bhari yakadyarwa mushure me mbatatisi. Takasvika panzvimbo iyi, uye munda wacho waiita kunge wakasanganiswa nemuzinga une mazino asingawanzo, uye mita imwe iine zvidimbu zvidiki - zvakarongedzwa zvakafanana zvepasi risina chinhu nekushaikwa kwembeu. Uye padivi payo pane "yakagadzirwa nemaoko" sprayer ine yakaderera-vhoriyamu magetsi emagetsi, imwe neimwe inogadzira kwete chete "gore" rekupfapfaidza, asi zvakare runyoro rwekushanda mhinduro. Zvakazoitika kuti ichi chakapfapfaidza chakashandiswa mumunda wembatatisi nenzira imwecheteyo gore rapfuura. Uye iye, chokwadi, akasuma metribuzin zvakajairika pombi yega yega kakawanda kupfuura mitemo yese. Ndicho chikonzero nei bhari yakazove "kukamiwa".
Sarudzo YEMAZURE
Zvinyorwa zvekunyorera chero mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka zvinogara zvichiratidza mwero wekuiswa kwemvura inoshanda pahekita yechirimwa chakapihwa. Inogona kuchinja-chinja zvakanyanya zvichienderana nechinodhaka, mashandiro ayo ekuita, nzvimbo huru yechinhu chakanangwa padhuze nehukuru hwehutachiona, huremo hwenguva dzose hwedenderedzwa rayo, zvichingodaro. Nekuda kwekusarudzika kwenzira yekunyoresa muRussian Federation, kune vazhinji vagadziri nemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, izvi zvimiro zvinowanzo kutanga pa200 l / ha. Uye zvekugadzirira kusangana, ivo vanoguma vaine akawanda ezvisikwa zvihombe - 400 l / ha, uye kune zvimwe zvinogara zverefu zvirimwa vanogona kudarika 1000 l / ha.
Chiyero chekushandisa chinotorwa kubva pakureba (saizi) yechipfapfaidzo, chinhambwe pakati pemasipiresi emvura pachigunzva, kumanikidza kwekushandisa, uye mwero wekupfapfaidza. Nekuda kweiyo iripo ISO zviyero, iyo kamwene caliber inowanzo kunzwisiswa kuti inoreva iyo yemvura inoyerera mwero muUS magaroni paminiti pa40 psi yekumanikidza kushanda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti caliber 01 ndiko kubuda kwema 0,1 US galoni (rimwe goroni rakaenzana 3,785 litita) pa2,8 bar. Caliber 02, 03, kana 04 zvinoreva 0,2 0,3 kana 0,4 gpm pa 2,8 bar. Mapfapfaidzo eakaenzana macalbar anowanzo kuvezwa mumavara akafanana kudzora zvinogona kuitika nyonganiso.
Asi zvese izvi math uye American gallon-lb-inch chaiwo haafanire kupinda mukati. Nekuti macomputer anowirirana pakusarudzwa kwemabhomba anowanikwa mumashandisirwo enhare evanogadzira zvipembenene (semuenzaniso, mune yekushandisa nhare "Augusta"), mapfapfaidzo kana mapfapfaidzo, ayo anogona kutorwa pasi kubva kuGoogle Play neApp Store. Uye mavari zvese zvinogona kuverengerwa zvichibva pamakiromita, metres uye marita atakajaira. Tapihwa chirongwa chakadai kunwiwa kunodiwa kwemushonga unoshanda pahekita, chinhambwe pakati pemabhomba echipfapfaidzo uye nekumhanyisa kunofungidzirwa kwekufamba kwayo, tinowana seti yemabhuru anogona kuitika.
Chinhu chakakosha chimiro cheatomizer saizi yekudonha kwainoita. Rega ndimborangarira muchidimbu makirasi ekudonha zvinoenderana neiyo ISO 25358 standard: VF / very fine - very fine; F / yakanaka - yakanaka; M / svikiro - svikiro; C / coarse - hombe; VC / yakakora kwazvo - yakakura kwazvo; XC / Yakanyanya kutetepa yakanyanyisa kukora uye UC / Ultra yakakora ndeyekupedzisira yakakora. Tsananguro yakadzama yemakirasi (kusvika parizvino muChirungu chete) anogona kuwanikwa mukabhuku kadiki kaLechler: www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/EN/lechler_agriculture_catalogue_2020_en.pdf.
Hunhu hwekugadzirisa, sezvatakanyora pakutanga, hwakakanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze - kutanga kwezvose, tembiricha uye hunyoro hwemhepo, pamwe nemhepo inomhanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvi zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugona kwekusasa mushonga nenzira dzakasiyana, zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemabhuru (saizi yedonhwe ravanogadzira) uye chiyero chekushandisa. Nekudaro, kudonhedza kudiki-kudonhedza mumamiriro ehumwe hwehukama hunyoro, tembiricha zvine mwero nemhepo zvinofanirwa kutungamira kune yakazara yakazara kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo yakarapwa, iyo inonyanya kukosha mukubata uye kwenzvimbo-systemic kugadzirira. Asi panguva imwe chete yekushandisa, asi pakaoma, panopisa uye pakunaya nemamiriro ekunze, madonhwe madiki anokwanisa kuomeswa uye kutetereka achienda kuminda yakavakidzana, nekudaro, kunyorera kwakanyanya kudonhedza kunodiwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro (kunyanya kana uchishandisa maburi ejekiseni, ayo anoderedza njodzi yekudonhedza madonhwe achirovera pamusoro penzvimbo yakarapwa) ... Iye zvino kutsauka kwave chinhu chakakosha kwazvo, uye madonhwe asingasvike zana nemakumi mashanu emamirioni muhukuru akanyatsodzungaira, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukufa kwezvirimwa zviri padyo. Mukati megadziriro yechinyorwa chino chipfupi, hazvigoneke kutsanangura ese akasiyana uye maficha emumaputi emvura. Hwakadzama hunhu hwemapombi akasarudzika, zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo (caliber), mhando yesprayera yavanogadzira, saizi yemadonhwe, njodzi yekukukurwa, kukodzera kweiyo systemic kana kubata mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka, pamwe nekurudziro yakakosha maererano nehurefu hwekupfapfaidza boom pamusoro pechinhu chiri kurapwa zvichienderana nekona yeiyo pfapfaidzo pateni. uye marefu pakati pemabhuru ari muzvinhu zvemakambani "Lechler" uye "TeeJet". Ruzivo urwu runofanirwa kutariswa pamasaiti www.lechler.com/fileadmin/media/kataloge/pdfs/agrar/RU/lechler_agrar_broschuere_feldbau_ru.pdf и www.teejet.com/ru/spray_application/nozzles.aspx
Kune zvakare zvirongwa zvekusarudzwa kwemabhosi anotarisisa mamiriro ekunze. Izvi, semuenzaniso, iyo Jacto Smart Selector nharembozha kubva kune mumwe wevatungamiriri venyika mukugadzirwa kwevapfapfairi - iyo kambani yeJacto, zvakare inowanikwa yekumisikidza muGoogle Play kana App Store. Kunze kwemamiriro ekunze, chirongwa ichi zvakare chinotarisa hunhu hwemushonga wemushonga - herbicide / fungicide / zvipembenene uye systemic / kubata / ivhu.
Imwe inonakidza mbozhanhare yekushandisa yakagadzirwa neDhipatimendi Rezvekurima uye Chikafu cheWestern Australia inonzi "SnapCard" https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-015-0309-y... Iyo inofungidzira inofungidzirwa kufukidzwa chiyero (ine akasiyana ekuyedza modhi mamuri anoshivira, ehe saizvozvo) zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze emamiriro matatu calibers (02, 03, 04) uye ina dzakasiyana dzemhando dzeTeeJet - TT, TP, XK uye AIXR. Chirongwa ichi chinopa zvakare kushandiswa kwepepa risinganetsi mvura: nekutora pikicha yacho neefoni, unogona kuona huwandu hwekufukidzwa kwepamusoro nemushonga unoshanda.
Nyanzvi dzekubvunza dzinogona kushandisa mapepa anonamira mvura kuenzanisa kufukidzwa kwakaverengerwa nezvakabuda chaizvo kuti vaone kuti ingani nzira dzekuMadokero kweAustralia dzinoenderana nemamiriro emuno.
Ngatidzokororei: zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa chero kupopera Pakati pavo pane chiyero chekuyerera cheiyo yekugadzirisa mhinduro, mhando yemhino (kushanda kumanikidza, dhizaini dhizaini, uye hunhu, kona yekurwisa), chinhambwe pakati pemabhomba, uye kukwirira kwekuwedzera. Kupisa, hunyoro, kumanikidza kwemhepo, kumhanyisa kwemhepo uye nesprayer yekumhanyisa kumhanya zvakakosha. Chinhu chakakosha kuwanda kweiyo vegetative mass, nzvimbo yechinhu chakanangwa, kona yekutenderera kwenzvimbo yakarapwa pasi, zvivakwa zvepasi zvakagadziriswa. Ngatisakanganwe nezve kusangana, kumeso kwepasirese, viscosity yemhinduro yekushanda, zvichingodaro. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana, uye nenzira dzakasiyana dzekushambadzira "enda" kungave mukuwedzera kwekugona kana mukubvisa. Pamusoro pezvo, inofanirwa kutarisirwa mupfungwa kuti kushandiswa kwemasanganiswa ematangi kunogona kutungamira mukugadziriswa kwemhinduro kwete yezvinhu zvinoshanda chete, asi zvakare zvinonyungudutsa uye zvinowedzera, izvo zvinogona kukonzera phytotoxicity.
KUMASHURE MBERI KUPI?
Kuedzwa kwakawanda kunoitwa nemasangano akazvimirira uye anoenderana nevagadziri kana tekinoroji kana mishonga yezvipembenene, kazhinji haipe mhinduro yakajeka kuti ndeupi mutongi uri nani. Zvakawandisa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze chaiwo, danho kana degree rezvirimwa / masora / tupukanana / kukura kwehosha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mumwaka mumwe chete tinogona kuona musiyano wakakosha mukufema mushe pa100 ne150 l / ha, uye mune imwe hatingaone mutsauko uri pakati pe25 ne200 l / ha.
Chii chatinogona kutaura nezve chiitiko chega chega chevadzidzi veagronomists? Mumwe achange achipupira furo pamuromo kuratidza kuti chero mushonga unoshanda kwazvo pamwero we25 l / ha (mumwe akangwara wechiFrench akaudza kuti anogara achizviita), uye mumwe wacho aine shungu imwechete achataura nyaya nezvekupisa nekusanaya kwemvura yakapisa yenguva yechando gorosi ine diki-inodonhedza sprayer ine musanganiswa wegadziriro yakavakirwa pa2,4-D, florasulam, propiconazole ine cyproconazole uye lambda-cyhalothrin. Uye ese ari maviri achange ari echokwadi, nekuti ichi chiitiko chega chega chega chakabatana nechimwe chinhu chishandiso chechimwe chigadzirwa mune mamwe mamiriro, uye kwete meta-kudzidza.
Uye zvakare, kunyangwe kuyedza kunoshamisa kubva pakuona kwenzira yechiitiko chemumunda kune chakakomba kudzora. Izvo zvinoitwa panguva imwe chete, uye saka usatarise chakadai senge nguva inodiwa yekugadzirisa, uye upe mhinduro chete kumubvunzo wekuti ndeipi nzira yekumwaya iri nani izvozvi uye kune yakatarwa mamiriro kumunda. Uye anoshanda agronomist uyo asingaitise tsvagiridzo, asi anoshanda munguva chaiyo - matambudziko esangano, mamiriro ekunze "windows", kushomeka kwevashandisi vemuchina uye zvigadzirwa zvekutyora - pane sarudzo yakaoma. Ndezvipi zvirinani - tichifunga seti iripo yemapiritsi uye mashandiro ekupa mvura, kumwaya mumazuva manomwe nechiyero chakakurudzirwa chekushandisa kwemarita mazana maviri pahekita kana mumazuva mana kusvika mashanu pamwero wekushandisa 200 l / ha? Kana kuti pamwe kugadzirisa zvese mumazuva matatu ine chiyero chekushandisa che100 l / ha? Chokwadi, muzviitiko zvakawanda zvirinani kushanda zvakaringana maererano nehuremu hwekuvhara, asi nenguva pane hunhu, asi kunonoka - kune masora akawandisa, nhanho dzisinganzwe dzechipembenene, kana padanho rakadai rechirwere apo kunyangwe kurapa kunoshanda kwazvo hakugone kuchirapa uye mushonga unopedza.
Ehezve, kubva kune zvakajairika kufunga, kana iwe uine sprayer yako 10 - 15 - 30 - 50 mahekita (sezvazviri kune varimi muEurope), uye mvura haina kuomarara, ine munyu kana yakasviba, saka unogona kushanda pamwero we200 - 300 - 400 l / ha, uye funga zvemasekondi (nguva yakashandiswa mukugadzirisa) zvakatwasuka. Asi kana iwe uine imwe sprayer yauinayo kwemazana (kana kunyange zviuru) mahekita, saka nguva yacho inofanirwa kurapwa nekuremekedza kwakawanda.
MITEMO NOKUDZIDZISWA
Nemutoro wakakura pane sprayer, uchimanikidza kuenda kupfuura miganho yetsika dzakanyoreswa, tinogona kuraira muchidimbu zvinotevera. Kana zvasvika pa systemic mishonga yesora (izvi zvinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, glyphosate, 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPA, sulfonylureas, florasulam, clopyralid, picloram), idanho rekuputirwa nekupinda munzvimbo yepasi pehuswa haina kukosha zvakanyanya nekuda kwekufamba kwavo pamwe neploem, ipapo kuwedzera kugadzirwa (zvakasikwa, uchifunga nezve njodzi yekukukurwa), unogona kushanda nemitengo yakaderera yekushandisa mhinduro yekushanda. Kunyangwe sora repakati nepakati regore nekusaenzana kwakakura kwekufukidza kana uchishandisa coarse-droplet nozzles ichaparadzwa neglyphosate zvirinani pane zvakakurisa nekuda kwenzvimbo yavo yepamusoro yepamusoro. Zvekugadzirira kwakadai, mitengo yekushandisa inosvika 100 l / ha inogamuchirwa. Uye kana isu tikatarisa mamiriro acho nekunyoreswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakadaro munyika dzinoshandiswa marita nemaeka, ipapo ipapo zvinowanzotanga nechiyero chinoenderana nemitengo yepasi pe50 l / ha.
Nekudaro, kudzikisa iyo yakakurudzirwa mareti ekushandisa inoda kutarisirwa kukuru. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti chero kuumbwa kunogadzirirwa kuti ushandise nenzira yeemulsion kana kumiswa pane kumwe kusungwa. Nekuderera kweiyo mwero wekushandisa kwemvura pane dzimwe nguva, unogona kuwana isina kugadzikana yekushanda emulsion kana kumiswa.
nokuti anti-zviyo zvinomera mamiriro acho akatonyanya kuoma. Mashizha ezviyo anogara ari padhuze nepamusoro, uye nekuwedzera, anowanzo nyorovesa kupfuura mashizha ezvirimwa zvine dicotyledonous (kwete ese, ehe saizvozvo). Naizvozvo, kunyangwe paine zvakare chiitiko chakabudirira chekushandisa zvine mwero kuyerera kwehuwandu hwekushanda kwemvura kune anti-zviyo zvinodhaka, hazvisati zvakakodzera kuti udzikise kuyerera kwekuyerera pazasi pe100 l / ha.
Mubvunzo wakasiyana - mishonga yesora... Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa zvinoratidza kuti vanofanirwa kushanda kuti vafukidze ivhu zvakanaka, uye nekudaro chete mwero wakakwira kwazvo wekushandisa mhinduro inoshanda inobvumidzwa (tiri kutaura pamusoro pemirau isingade kuiswa kwechirwere muvhu mushure mekumwaya). Asi pano, zvakare, zvese zvinotsamira pakukwanisa kwemushonga wesora kutama, mune iyi nyaya, kwete mumuti, asi muvhu. Kana isu tichitaura nezve pendimethalin, saka haifambe muvhu uye mune zvakasara zvemiti - kwayakawira, yakagadziriswa ipapo. Uye chloroacetamides (C-metolachlor, propisochlor, acetochlor) uye triazines (prometrine, metribuzin, terbutylazine) ine kufamba kwakanyanya, uye nekudaro yakanyanya mwero yekushandisa mhinduro inodiwa nependimethalin haina kukosha kwavari.
Zvakanaka, kana zviri bata mishonga yesora (bentazone, desmedipham, fenmedipham), saka zvinokwanisika kuti vapfuure nehupamhi hwekuputira, hunowanikwa zvakanyanya nemitengo yakakwira yemhinduro yekushanda uye kudiki-kudonhedza.
nokuti fungicides uye zvipembenene kufukidza, pasi-tier uye mashizha-kumashure akakosha zvakanyanya kupfuura systemic mishonga yesora. Ichi chinodikanwa chekusangana nemishonga chiri pachena kune wese munhu, asi zvakare chakakosha kune ehurongwa. Systemic fungicides uye zvipembenene zvinogona kunge zviri munharaunda systemic (dzinogona kupinda nepashizha kana kufamba pamusoro payo, zvishoma kufamba muchikamu chemhepo), kana xylem-systemic (mamwe ma triazoles, strobilurins, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors), ndiko kuti, vanogona kufamba nemumiti chete acropetally, kumusoro. Uye kusiyana neglyphosate, ivo, kamwe chete padanho repamusoro rechirimwa, havazokwanise kuperera muchikamu chayo chepasi kana mumidzi. Naizvozvo, kana zvichibvira, zvakakodzera kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipuka kana fungicides ine inoshanda mhinduro chiyero chinosvika zana l / ha. Uye zvakatonyanya nani kushandisa kanenge yakaderera chiyero chinokurudzirwa chekugadzirisa (kana, zveshuwa, hwokugadzira michina uye kuwanikwa kwemvura ine zvakakodzera zvinhu zvinobvumidza).
Pane mamiriro ezvinhu apo chiyero chemhinduro yekushanda chinofanira kuwedzerwa uye kwete kuregedza vekunze vanoshanda. Semuenzaniso, zvakafanira kuita izvi kana uchirwa nekabichi moth inogara kuseri kwekutsvedza uye kwakakora waxy chibharo shizha.
Asi zvekare - "dzidziso yacho yaoma, shamwari yangu, uye muti wehupenyu wakasvibirira kwazvo." Kubudirira kwefungicides, apo chirwere "chikasiya" chepakati penguva yekudzivirira, inoderera zvakanyanya. Uye incubation nguva yebrown ngura pazviyo pasi peyemamiriro ezvinhu inogona kukwana muvhiki rimwe chete. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nguva iwe unofanirwa kushanda kwete zvakanyatsoita (kudzikisira chiyero chemhinduro inoshanda), asi nenguva, sezvo kurapa mazuva matatu kana mana apfuura kunova, seyakarehwa kare kuti, "chikuru".
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe ma fungicides (semuenzaniso, systemic triazoles) pakukwirira kwavo kwakanyanya mumushonga unoshanda (uye kunyangwe mumisanganiswa nemishonga yesora, izvo zvisingawanzoitika), kunyanya kana ichinge yakadonhedzwa mumadonhwe madiki mune yakaoma uye inopisa mamiriro ekunze (apo kudonha munzira yekuenda kune chakanangwa chinhu kune nguva yekuoma uye kunyarara kuwedzera kusangana) kunogona kuratidza phytotoxicity. Izvo, hongu, inofuridzirwa neakasarudzika etsika uye kusiyanisa kwekunzwa, asi kana kuratidzwa kweiyo phytotoxicity yakadaro isingawanzo kuitika pazviyo uye zvishoma kukanganisa goho, saka zvinogona kuve nengozi pane akasiyana "asina kusimba" miriwo kana mbatatisi.
Zvichaenderera mberi
Yakagadzirirwa naElena POPLEVA
mufananidzo lechler и Amazon
Contact Information
Mikhail Evgenievich DANILOV
Tel: (495) 787-08-00