Sekureva kwenyanzvi kubva kuBiological Products Industry Alliance (BPIA), izvozvazvino biopesticides uye biostimulants mishonga ine njodzi yekushandisa. Ndokusaka chikamu ichi chemusika webiologics chiri kukura nekukurumidza kumhanya.
BPIA nhasi isangano rinokurumidza kukura nenhengo dzinopfuura zana nemakumi matatu kubva kumakambani akasiyana siyana. Nhengo musangano rinobatanidza vese vadiki vane hunyanzvi vevanamuzvinabhizimisi uye makambani makuru epasirese. Muna 130, BPIA yakasarudza kuisa biostimulants munzvimbo yayo yekufarira. BPIA ine ruzivo rwakakura nema biopesticides, saka sarudzo yekutarisa kwavo kuchikamu chebiostimulant yaive nemusoro
Kukura kaviri
Kambani yekutsvagisa Dunham Trimmer (chikamu cheBRIA) inofungidzira kukosha kwemusika wepasi rose webiostimulant pamadhora anodarika US $ 2,2 bhiriyoni. Anofungidzira kukosha kwemusika uyu uchapfuura US $ 5 bhiriyoni na2025. Yakasanganiswa nemusika wepasi rose wezvigadzirwa zvebiocontrol, huwandu hwehuwandu hwemusika hwezvirimwa zvirimwa hunodarika $ 8 bhiriyoni muna 2020 uye $ 16 bhiriyoni na2025. Iyo yakazara yegore kukura kweiyo biostimulation zvigadzirwa chidimbu inofungidzirwa pa13%. Iyi inopfuura katatu zvakapetwa nekukura kwemusika wekuchengetedza goho muna2017. Kudzoreredza kwakasimba kunoitiswa nekudiwa kwepasirese kwekukwirisa kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa uchishandisa zviitwa zvine mutsigo zvine njodzi yakadzika yezvakatipoteredza. Biostimulants inoita kunge yakatora chinzvimbo chakakosha mukuchinja uku mukuita kwekurima, ichiwedzera kuramba kwechirimwa kune abiotic kusagadzikana pasi pemamiriro ekukura akashata.
Nhasi Europe ndiyo huru biostimulant yekutengesa dunhu nemari yegore rose inodarika US $ 1 bhiriyoni. Izvi zvinoverengera pamusoro pechetatu chekukosha kwemusika wepasi rose. Izvi zvinoteverwa nematunhu eNorth America uye Asia-Pacific zone, imwe neimwe ine zvinopfuura 20% yemusika. Iyi nharaunda ine hukama inofungidzirwa kuti igare isina kuchinjika pakati pezvino na2025. Asi zvatove pachena kuti Latin America ichakura nekukurumidza zvakanyanya mune izvi pane mamwe matunhu, uye, sekufungidzira, ichakurumidza kuvhara mukaha uripo mukutengesa nevanokwikwidza nawo. Pakazosvika gore ra2025, biostimulant kutengesa mumatunhu mana angangodarika US $ 1 bhiriyoni.
Iko kushandiswa kwe biostimulants kunoonekwa kunge kwakaringana pakati pemitsara zvirimwa nemiriwo, pamwe nemichero. Row zvirimwa zvakatoratidza kare nekukurumidza kukurumidza mukushandisa kwavo, kunyanya mukurapa mbeu. Kutengeswa kwe biostimulants yezvirimwa zvese zvemutsara uye zvirimwa zvekurima zvinofungidzirwa kudarika US $ 2025 bhiriyoni mune yega yega zvikamu seizvi ne2.
Natural zviwanikwa zvekudzivirira
Kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwekurima zvakanyanya kunoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere, zvipembenene uye akasiyana mafambiro ezvakatipoteredza. Mazhinji acho ndeemhando yekuumbwa uye haaparadzwe nemaitiro enzymatic masisitimu kana mamwe maitiro epanyama uye emakemikari. Izvi zvinotungamira mukuunganidzwa kwavo mune goho rakakohwewa, zvinoreva mumuviri wevanhu nemhuka. Kunzwisisa kwemaitiro aya kwakasimbisa kutsvaga kwemishonga inoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana chikafu chakachena uye chakachengeteka.
Biochemical zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti zvirimwa zvakasununguka zvinogadzira zvadzo zvinodzivirira zvinhu mukupindura kune yakashata mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Asi kumhanya kwekugadzira kwavo uye nhamba inogona kunge isina kukwana. Naizvozvo, kupatsanurwa kwezvinhu zvakadaro kubva pane zvakasikwa zvigadzirwa uye kurapwa kwavo kwezvirimwa kunogona kubatsira kuwedzera kugadzikana uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvekurima. Kubva pakagadzirwa yekutanga biostimulants, sekureva kwenyanzvi mune biochemistry, nguva nyowani yakatanga mukurima.
Biostimulants chigadzirwa chitsva, saka hachisati "chakanyorwa" zvakakwana muchirongwa chiripo chekuchengetedza zvigadzirwa. Chinhu chekutanga chinocherechedzwa nenyanzvi ndechekuti zvakakosha kusiyanisa biostimulants kubva kune zvicherwa uye microelement mafetiraiza seNPK + microelements. Mafetiraiza anoteedzera zvinhu anoita pamiti zvisina kunangana, achivapa zvinovaka muviri zvekutanga uye nekuteedzera zvinhu zvakakosha pakuumbwa kweamino acids. Uye izvo zvikamu zvebiostimulants zvine mhedzisiro yakanangana pamiti. Ndokunge, chirimwa chinogashira akagadzirira-akagadzirwa amino acids, kusanganisira akakosha iwo, pasina kushandisa imwe simba pane synthesis. Panguva imwecheteyo, maamino acids uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvinoshanda kubva kune zvinomera zvinomedzwa zvakakwana nemiti, zvinokanganisa metabolism yavo, uye inogadzira dura rekuvaka mapuroteni uye masystem enzyme.
Organic biostimulants yemiti mavambo akachengeteka kune zvinomera, ndiko kuti, kana paine overdose, kupisa kwakanyanya hakukonzere kupisa uye hakuna mhedzisiro yakaipa. Iko kushandiswa kwe biostimulants mukubatana nemvura-inogadziriswa yemaminerari fotereza uye micronutrients iri kuve imwe yenzira dzinoshanda kwazvo kugadzirisa hutongi hwehutongi hwezvirimwa.
Dhirowa muganhu
Kunge chero chigadzirwa nyowani, bio-zvinokurudzira zvinofanirwa "kunyoreswa" mune yepamutemo sisitimu uye inodzora maitiro ekushandisa. Makambani enhengo dzeBPIA, pamwe nevamwe vari muindasitiri yebiostimulant, vaenda kuUS Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) kuti vabatsirwe nzira yekusiyanisa ma biostimulants uye ekukura kwezvirimwa. Muna Mbudzi 2018, iyo EPA yakagadzirira ndokutumira kuhurumende yeUS gwaro rekunyora rakanzi "Dzvara Biostimulant Guidelines: Kunyorera Zvinodikanwa Zvinotongwa neFIFRA.
Sangano iri riri kushandawo neUS Congress kumisikidza biostimulants seboka rakasiyana rezvirimwa. Ipo chikafu chakadai chichi tsanangurwa se "zvinhu kana zvidiki izvo, kana zvikaiswa kune mhodzi nemiti, zvinokurudzira kufarirwa kwechisikigo kwehutano." Saizvozvo, iyi mishonga "inosimudzira kushorwa neabiotic kushushikana uye nekuvandudza kunaka uye kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa." BPIA yakwezvawo kufarira kwakawanda kubva kune vangangoita vatengi vebiostimulant nekubvunza iyo United States Dhipatimendi rezvekurima (USDA) kubvumidza kutsvagurudza kuti vaone nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa biostimulant musika. Mhedzisiro yezvirongwa izvi yatotanga kutariswa mukuvandudzwa kwemitemo yepurazi.
Mhando ye organic biostimulants iri kuramba ichikura. Idzi ndidzo dzakagadziriswa mvura-inogadzikana gadziriro yekurapa mbeu, midzi uye foliar fetiraiza yezvirimwa zvekurima, zvine biologically inoshanda zvinhu: amino acids, humic uye fulvic acids, mavhitaminzi, phytohormones, peptides, mapuroteni, enzymes, polysaccharides uye mamwe anoshanda macomputer, kusanganisira zvisaririra zvinhu.
Nyanzvi dzeRussia dzeBioindustry uye Bioresource Technological Platform (BioTech-2030) zvakare vanotenda kuti rimwe rematambudziko makuru mukusimudzira indasitiri yebiostimulant indasitiri ndeye isina chokwadi nemamiriro ekunze mune mamwe matunhu enzvimbo. Asi zvinoita sekunge zvakaoma uye zvichagadziriswa munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
Biostimulants uye mishonga yezvipembenene
Muitiro wekushandisa biostimulants wakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwakabatana mutangi musanganiswa nemushonga wezvipembenene hakuna kunyanya kujeka. Iyo biostimulant inogona kusimudzira chiito chemushonga wezvipfukuto nekuchengetedza chinhu chinoshanda pane shizha pamusoro kuburikidza nekuumbwa kwepolysaccharide microcolloids kana ionic kuchaja. Uye zvakare, mazhinji humic acid zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuvandudza kutora kwezviwanikwa zvinoshandiswa uye kutsvaga zvicherwa.
Asi biostimulants haigadzikise nguva dzose zvinoitika zvemushonga wezvipembenene, dzimwe nguva dzinogona kunge dzisina mhedzisiro kana kutoderedza kushanda kwemishonga yezvipembenene. Mhedzisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisirwa nekunaya kwemushonga wezvipembenene unoshanda kubva mumhinduro kana chiito chekupokana. Kumwe kusabatana kusingaite ndeye antioxidant maitiro pamashizha pamusoro panguva yekupinda kwezvirwere, apo chirimwa chinoburitsa inoshanda okisijeni marudzi kurwisa kurwisa. Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzinoisa izvi zvakaipa sezvazvinogona uye zvinokurudzira, kuti uve nechivimbo chakazara, kuwedzera mishonga yacho zvakasiyana kuti ubvise zvachose zvakaipa.
Iyo chaiyo mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwe biostimulants zvakanyanya kupfuura zvingangoitika zvakaipa mhedzisiro. Nekudaro, bvunzo dzakaitwa muna2014-2015 mumabhizinesi ekurima eRussia dzakaratidza kuti goho pazvikamu zvekuyedza zvegorosi remuchirimo rakarapwa nekukura zvinokurudzira rakapfuura iro rekuronga pasina kurapwa ne25%. Iko kushandiswa kwe biostimulants mukurimwa kwekotoni kwakapa ingangoita kakapetwa kaviri-kuwedzera muzere remashizha pamusoro (ne2%). Pamiti yakarapwa, hapana zviratidzo zvechero fungal, hosha dzebhakitiriya, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemunda wevanhu vezvipembenene zvipembenene zvakawanikwa. Laboratory uye maindasitiri kushandiswa kweanokura anosimudzira kwakaratidza kuwedzera kwegoho pazviyo, nyemba uye miriwo kubva 94,3 kusvika 13%.
Mhedzisiro inobatsira yekushandisa kwekukura kwezvirimwa biostimulants ndiyo nharo huru iyo varimi nevarimi vekurima pasi rese vanotambira.
Vladimir Frantskevich
Verenga zvakawanda: https://www.agroxxi.ru