Svetlana Nekoval, mukuru wevashandi
kuunganidza genetic FGBNU VNIIBZR,
Wepamusoro Muongorori, Mudzoreri weBiological Sayenzi
+7 903 455 11 03
Hapana munhu anokahadzika kukosha kwekudzivirira mbatatayi panguva yekurimwa kwayo. Asi maererano nekukura kuri kuda kubva kumusika kune zvakasikwa zvakasarudzika, zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvakachengeteka, varimi vakatarisana nemubvunzo - nzira yekuchengetedza mbatatisi: nenzira yemakemikari kana yemweya? Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yekurima iyi kazhinji yakapa rusaruro pakugadzirira kwebiobiotiki sedzimwe nzira yekurapa yemakemikari.
Vashandi veLabhoritari yeiyo genetic yekuunganidza nyanya yeFGBNU VNIIBZR mune imwe yemabhizinesi ezvekurima eruwa rweKalininsky mudunhu reKrasnodar Territory vakaita ongororo yesainzi yekubudirira kwekudzivirira mbatatisi muvhu rakavhurika nekugadzirira kwemaitiro. LLC "Biotehagro" (Timashevsk).
Arrow mbatatari yakasimwa ine 2-mutsara tepi pane matatu mapuranga - kutonga, kuyera, kuyedza. Kureba kwehurongwa hweumwe neumwe hwakaita makubhiti zana.
Hapana michina yekudzivirira yakashandiswa pane yekudzora chiitiko. Pane chiitiko che "etalon", chirongwa chedziviriro chakatorwa mupurazi chakaiswa (gadziriro Celest TOP, KS; Ridomil Gold MC, VDG; Thanos, VDG). Pa "chiitiko" chiitiko, zvigadzirwa zvekubereka zvakashandiswa: Geostim, F; BSka-3, F; BFTIM KS-2, Zh; Insetim, J.
Zvese zvirongwa zvekuyedza zvakasangana nezvinodiwa zvakaenzana (kufanana kwevhu maererano nekubereka). Mukusiyana-siyana kwekuyedza, mbatata tubers dzakadyarwa munaKurume 6, 2020.
Nenzira isati yasvika, kudyara kusati kwasarwa kwevhu revhu "rekuyedza" kwakaitwa neGeostim gadziriro ine huwandu hwekushandisa hwe1 l / ha.
Munguva yekuedzwa, zvinotevera zvakaitwa: mycological kuongorora kwevhu, kuongororwa kwembeu yembeu, kucherechedzwa kwemaoko ezvirimwa zve mbatatisi, kuongororwa kwemasampula ezvirimwa kuona etiology yechirwere.
Kuti uone iyo mycological yekuumbwa kwevhu kubva kune yekuedzwa saiti muchirimo, kusati kwaiswa "Biotechagro" gadziriro uye mushure mekushandiswa kweiyo yekudzivirira, samples dzevhu dzakatorwa zvinoenderana nenzira. Nekuda kweiyo mycological kuongorora kwevhu samples, micromycetes ane akasiyana trophic nyanzvi akasarudzika uye akacherechedzwa (Tafura 1).
Tafura 1 - Mhedzisiro ye mycological kuongororwa kwevhu samples muna 2020
munda | CFU ye howa, zviuru zvezvimedu mune imwe gramu yevhu rakaoma zvakakwana | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penicillium spp. | Aspergillus spp. | Trichoderma spp. | Fusarium spp. | Alternaria spp. | |
Pamberi pekutanga kwezvinodhaka LLC "Biotehagro" 27.02.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.4 | 1 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Mushure mekuunzwa kwegadziriro Biotehagro LLC 08.06.2020/XNUMX/XNUMX | 0.1 | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0 |
Munguva yekuongorora kwevhu, mapoka maviri e micromycetes akaparadzaniswa uye akaonekwa. Boka re pathogenic rinomiririrwa nefungi yeiyo genus fusarium spp. Uye alternate spp. Boka re saprotrophic remicroscopic fungi rinomiririrwa nekuzviparadzanisa kwefungus ye genus Trichoderma, penicillium и Aspergillus.
Mune rakasiyana mushure mekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu zvekambani yeBiotehagro, kuderera kweCFU yeku fungus kwakazivikanwa. Penicillium, Aspergillus, pamwe nekusavapo zvachose kwe r. alternate... Mukuwedzera, mune iyi sampu, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehowa yeiyo r. trichoderma uye hushoma hwehowa howa fusarium.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora kwe mycological kwevhu, zvinokwanisika kucherechedza kwakanaka kwekukura kweshowa kubva trichoderma, zvisinei, izvi hazvina kukwana kutaura pamusoro pekuwedzeredza kwevhu, sezvo huwandu hwakakwana hwehowa kubva murwizi. Penicillium, Aspergillus и trichoderma (1: 1: 3). Kupfuurirazve kushandiswa kweGeostim kune ivhu kunokurudzirwa.
Mukusiyana neiyo Biotehagro yekudzivirira, mbatatisi matipi akarapwa neBSka-3 pachiyero che4 l / t vasati vadyara. Kudyara kwacho kwakaitwa nemhodzi yetraki trekta KhTZ-181 (fig. 2,3).
Mune misiyano ine dziviriro yepurazi, iyo mbatatari tubers yakarapwa neCelest TOP, KS isati yadyarwa. Kudyara mbatatisi kwakaitwawo nemota yeterekta.
Mwedzi miviri mushure mekudyara tubers - 11.05.2020/15/20, kana zvirimwa zvasvika pakukwirira kwemasendimita gumi nemashanu kusvika gumi nemasere, musiyano neBiotehagro dziviriro system, zvidyarwa zvidiki zvakasaswa neBFTIM (3 l / ha) yeprophylaxis kurwisa kuomarara kwezvirwere. Kudzokororwa kurapwa nechigadzirwa chigadzirwa kwakaitwa mushure memazuva gumi.
Mukusiyana neiyo purazi yekudzivirira sisitimu, mwedzi miviri mushure mekudyara tubers, matanho ekudzivirira akaitwa pamwe nemushonga Ridomil Gold MC, EDG seprophylaxis.
Mukati meiyo phytosanitary yekutarisa mbatatisi, zvipembenene uye phytopathogenic hutachiona hazvina kucherechedzwa (Fig. 4).
Mazuva gumi mushure mekurapwa kwekutanga (10), mhedzisiro yeakaerengeki yakaratidza kuti iyo biological chigadzirwa yakamutsidzira kukura kwekuita kwe mbatatisi biomass, ichienzaniswa nekutonga, kukwirira kwechirimwa kunova kuita 21.05 cm kumusoro. 3,4 masendimita zvakanyanya) maererano nehurongwa hwekudzivirirwa neakasikwa zvigadzirwa.
Huwandu hwezvirimwa pa 1 m2 mukusiyana-siyana kwekuedza kwacho kwaive kwakafanana, zvisinei, iyo nhamba yezvimiti mune iyo kusiyana ne biosecurity yaive 3 mimwe. achienzaniswa nekudzora, uye 1 pc. kupfuura iro rezita reruzivo.
Mushure mekukohwa (June 15.06), vashandi vemu laboratori vakasarudza mhedzisiro yezvibodzwa zvakagadziriswa pachimiro chechirimwa, goho remapato pahekita, pamwe nezviratidzo zvemhando yechirimwa.
Maererano nemhedzisiro yavo, huwandu hukuru hwe mbatatisi tubers dzepakati uye hombe (chikafu) chidimbu chakawanikwa mumusiyano ne "Biotechagro" yekudzivirira system. Tubers yeiyo yakanaka chikamu mune yakasarudzika ne biosecurity yakanga iri 1 shoma kana ichienzaniswa neyekudzora uye 2 zvimwe zvichienderana nereferenzi, zvisinei, huwandu hwakazara hwemazipato echikamu chakanaka muBiotechagro variant yakanga yakakwira. Huremu hwehubhu mubiosecurity hwakasiyana kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika zana nemashanu.
Mufananidzo 5. Huwandu hwembatatari tubers iri mukutonga (a) uye musiyano neiyo "Biotehagro" dziviriro system (b) Fig. 6. Tuber huwandu hwakaenzana zvikamu kubva pane izvo zvakasarudzika nehutachiona yekudzivirira system
Iko kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvisikwa kwakabatsira kuwedzera goho remapotiti pahekita (Tafura 1).
Tafura 2. Kubudirira kwehupfumi kweArrow mbatatisi kana uchiverenga nezvegoho, 2020
Sarudzo | Kugadzira, c / ha | Kuwedzera zviyo, c / ha |
Kudzora | 78 | - |
Experience | 235,3 | 157,3 |
Reference | 206 | 128 |
NDS 0,5 | 6,4 | - |
Iyo goho yepamusoro yakacherechedzwa mune yakasarudzika nekushandiswa kwegadziriro yezvipenyu, apo kuwedzera kwacho kwaive 157,3 c / ha maererano nemasimba. Mune shanduro yekureva, goho rekuwedzera raive 128,0 c / ha, iro riri pasi pemhedzisiro yakawanikwa pane saiti iyo iyo yekuchengetedza biological system yakaiswa, ne 29,3 c / ha.
Kuongorora kunaka kwekutengesa uye kujekesa hunhu hwekuvira kwematatisi, samples gumi dzezvokutengeserana machubhu akajairika emhando iyi akatorwa.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, nyanzvi dzakarongedza zvese prototypes sezvakanaka uye zvepamusoro zvigadzirwa zvine kunaka kwazvo kuravira.
Munguva yekutsvagurudza, zvirimo zve starch, vitamini C, uye nitrate nitrogen mu tubers yemapatata akakura yakatemwa (Tafura 3).
Tafura 3. Zvemukati zve starch, vitamini C, nitrate nitrogen muArrow mbatatisi tubers
Sarudzo | Nitrate nitrogen, mg / kg | Vitamin C yemukati, mg / 100 g mbishi zvinhu zvakasikwa | Zvemukati zvemukati,% |
Kudzora | 118 | 4,4 | 20,8 |
Experience | 138 | 9,3 | 21,3 |
Reference | 187 | 7,9 | 21,2 |
NDS 0,5 | 9,5 | 6,4 | 11,0 |
Mari yezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira mbatatisi pamitengo iripo pamusika panguva yekuedzwa inopfupiswa muTafura. 4.
Tafura 4. Mari yemidziyo yekuchengetedza mbatata
Kugadzirira LLC Biotehagro "ruzivo" | Nhamba inodiwa yemushonga, l / ha | Kugadzirira mu "etalon" purazi yekudzivirira system | Nhamba inodiwa yemushonga, l / ha | ||
Geostim | 1 | Celeste TOP, KS | 0,4 | ||
Insetim | 4 | Ridomil Goridhe MC, VDG | 5 | ||
BFTIM | 6 | Thanos, EDC | 1,2 | ||
BSka-3 | 4 | - | - | ||
Kubva patafura yakaratidzwa, tinogona kugumisa kuti iyo biological system yekudzivirira Arrow mbatatisi inobatsira zvakanyanya kuenderana nemakemikari (akajairwa), sezvo mutengo wekudzivirira uchiderera ne14247,8 rubles / ha, uye goho rakakwira ne29,3 c / ha.
Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti mutengo wemabhatani madiki munaJune, paavhareji, 17 rubles / kg, kuwedzera muchero pachiyedzo chekuedza uchienzaniswa nechiyero ichocho kuchawedzera mari inobvira pahekita nemakumi matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu.
Iyo miedzo yakaitwa yakaratidza kuti biologized kuchengetedza mbatatisi inodhura-zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nekudzivirirwa kwemakemikari: ne64058 rubles pahekita, uye izvi zvisiri kufunga nezve kuderera kwemutengo wevhu pane ivhu uye zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira vanhu.
Pamusoro pekodzero dzekutsvaga