Kushomeka kwevashandi kunoramba kuri rimwe rematambudziko makuru evarimi vezvekurima mumakumi emakore apfuura. Sezvo chikoro cheSoviet chekudzidzira nyanzvi dzeagro-industrial complex chakaparadzwa, iyo dzidzo haina kukwanisa kupa kwakakodzera kutsiva. Uye nhasi, mamaneja eHR anomanikidzwa kukwikwidza mukusika kuitira kukwezva zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvevanhu.
Mumusika mamiriro
Mazuva ano, ndevashandirwi vanokwikwidza mune zvavanotaura kune vashandi, uye kwete zvinopesana. Nguva dzekutsvagira vanhu basa, pamwe nemitengo yekutsvagisa makambani, iri kuwedzera, kukwezva vavhoti kuri kuramba kuchioma uye kureba. Sezvo mukuru webasa rekudhinda reHeadHunter (hh.ru) South Ekaterina Nikiforova, Chiyero chinoonekwa seyakagadzika tsika yemusika wevashandi, umo mune 5-7,9 inotangazve pane imwe nzvimbo. Kukosha kweindekisi iri pazasi 4 inotoratidza kushomeka kwevashandi.
Muna 2023, iyo yakanyanya index kukosha muchikamu chekurima yakanyorwa muna Ndira naKurume - 3,4 inotangazve pagancy. Zvisinei, muna Kubvumbi yakatanga kudzikira uye pakupera kwaMay yakaderera kusvika pa2,8. Shanduko dzakadai dzinokonzerwa nemakwikwi epamusoro nemamwe minda yehunyanzvi uye basa rakaderera revanonyorera. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinosanganisira kushomeka kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kwevashandi vane hunyanzvi uye kusafarirwa neindasitiri yezvekurima yose.
Zvekurima inzvimbo inokwikwidza zvakanyanya uko vashandirwi vanotumira akawanda emabasa matsva uye vanonyatso kukwikwidza kune vanonyorera. Maererano ne Ekaterina Nikiforova, Nhasi, mabhizinesi ekurima anowanzo kupa basa kune agronomists, magadzirirwo ezviyo tekinoroji uye nyanzvi dzezvipfuyo. Kune zvakare kudiwa kukuru kwevamiriri vevashandi vekushanda muagro-industrial complex, uye nekukura kwemaitiro otomatiki muindasitiri, nhamba yezvinzvimbo zvenyanzvi dzeIT iri kuwedzerawo.
«Mafuremu egoridhe
Nyanzvi yemitemo yevashandi yeMubatanidzwa weRussia Potato uye Vegetable Market Vatori vechikamu (Potato Union) Svetlana Sonina imwe yeinonyanya kudiwa uye kushomeka inodoma hunyanzvi hweinjiniya wehydraulic. Kutangazve pamapuratifomu eruzivo kwakajairika, asi 90% yavo ndeye nyanzvi kubva kune mamwe maindasitiri. Asi mukudzoreredza kurima, vashandi vakadai vanokodzera huremu hwavo mugoridhe, purazi rega rega ravanodiridzira rinoda ivo.
Zvakaoma kuwana agronomist, saka mabhizinesi, kunyangwe aine vashandi vevashandi, kazhinji haarambi anovimbisa akapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti. Executive Director we LLC "VALMIX" Valentin Kozlov anoona zvakakosha kugadzira nzvimbo yekuchengetedza vashandi, izvo zvichaitwa nekambani yake munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kana purazi inoda ma agronomists maviri, iwe unofanirwa kuhaya vatatu, uye rega mumwe wavo ave mudiki kwazvo, uyo anozofanira kubhadhara kupfuura iye akakodzera. Zvinogona kutora makore matanhatu kuti munhu anotanga kuve nyanzvi, uye zviri nani kusimudza nyanzvi iwe pachako, uchifunga nezveramangwana rake.
Iyo indasitiri zvakare iri kudiwa zvakanyanya nevashandisi vemichina, avo, maererano Svetlana Sonina, nhasi zviuru zvemhuri kubva kuKaliningrad kuenda kuVladivostok vanozvida. Iyo indasitiri yakanangana neiyo basa ndeyemwaka, asi munhu wese anofarira kuchengetedza mushandi akadaro, kunyangwe akashanda mwedzi mitatu kusvika mishanu pagore. Valentin Kozlov inotsanangura kushomeka kwevashandisi vemichina kuburikidza nekuvhara zvikoro zvizhinji nezvikoro zvehunyanzvi kwavakadzidziswa. Pakati peavo vanogona kuwanikwa nhasi mukugadzirwa, kune vanhu vashoma vari pasi pemakore makumi mana. Uye apo nyanzvi inoratidzika yakagadzirira kushanda, vanomutora nomufaro, vachipa mamiriro ezvinhu ose uye vachibatsira kukura neunyanzvi.
Kushanda kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, iyo Potato Union iri kushanda pamwe nemasangano akati wandei esekondari yedzidzo yehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, GBPOU MO "Lukhovitsky Agro-Industrial College", inotungamirwa na Vyacheslav Smirnovinodzidzisa ma mechanical technicians, driver driver uye maforomani ezvekurima kuindasitiri. Vakapedza kudzidza vatove pazera re18-19 vanogamuchira kodzero dzezvikamu zvinodiwa uye vane mwero wepamusoro wekudzidziswa. Vatungamiri vemabhizinesi vari nhengo dzeMubatanidzwa vanovapa basa mumapurazi avo uye vanovimba tekinoroji yepamusoro.
Kubva pabhenji rechikoro
Iyo agro-industrial complex inoda vashandi vebasa risingade ruzivo rwakakosha uye hunyanzvi. Nekuhaya vashandi vakadaro, unogona kutsvaga nyanzvi dzemangwana uye kuronga kumwe kudzidziswa kwavo. Isu tiri, chokwadi, kutaura nezvevechidiki: vana vechikoro nevadzidzi.
Svetlana Sonina inotaura nezve ruzivo rwemabhizinesi eMubatanidzwa mukukwezva vana vechikoro, vanyoreri uye vadzidzi vadiki kuti vakohwe mhodzi dzehanyanisi dzebhodhoro uye kurongedza miriwo. Muzviitiko zvakadaro - nechisarudzo chemutungamiriri wesangano redzidzo Alexey Zinoviev - State Budgetary Educational Institution yeMoscow Region "Kolomna Agrarian College inonzi N. T. Kozlov" inowanzoita chikamu. Vakomana vanodzidza zvidzidzo zveagronomist basa uye, zvechokwadi, vanogamuchira mibairo yebasa ravo. Uyu mukana wakanaka kwazvo wekuti vaedze hunhu hwavo nehunyanzvi hwekutaura muboka revakuru.
Iri harisi gore rokutanga kuti nhengo dzePotato Union dzave dzichibatana nesangano revanhu "Russian Student Teams". Vanogara vachishanda nehofisi yaro yedunhu mudunhu reMoscow, inotungamirwa na Pavel Kovalev. Mukuru Mukuru we LLC SPK anonzi Lenin Andrey Grachkovsky gore rakapera akaisa rekodhi chaiyo nekushandisa boka revanhu makumi mashanu nevaviri pabasa rake. Managing Partner yeLesnye Dali LLC Vitaly Shtopel zvakare kushingaira kushandisa basa revadzidzi papurazi basa remwaka.
Boka remakambani anonzi Dmitrovskie Vegetables, kunyanya, JSC Agrofirma Bunyatino, anewo ruzivo mukukwezva vadzidzi kuti vashande. General Director webhizinesi Sergey Shchukin akaisa hwaro hwekuumbwa kwezvikamu kubva pakati pevachashandisa muchina. Iyo kambani yakatoenda mhiri kwenharaunda uye inokoka vakomana vanobva kunzvimbo dziri kure, semuenzaniso, kubva kuSiberia. Maererano ne Svetlana Sonina, yakatevera nzira imwechete muboka reMalino remakambani.
Zvinosuruvarisa, vamiririri vechizvarwa chitsva havadi nguva dzose kubatanidza hupenyu hwavo nekurima. Maererano nekucherechedza Valentina Kozlova, pwere kazhinji kazhinji hadziratidzi kufarira mabasa okurima avakasarudza ivo vamene. Vadzidzi vezvikoro zvehunyanzvi padhuze neMoscow, kwavanodzidzisa makanika, vanouya kuVALMIKS LLC yekudzidzira undergraduate. Pavakabvunzwa kuti chii chakavaunza pano, vamwe vakomana vanotaura nokutendeseka pamusoro pechido chavo chekuwana chiratidzo mugwaro rechikoro chedzidzo. Kudzidzira chaiko mumamiriro ebhizinesi remazuva ano rekurima, mukana wekudzidza chimwe chinhu uye kuwana mari hauna kubatanidzwa muzvirongwa zvavo.
Munzira inoenda kurusununguko
Munyika yedu, tsika yekukwevera vanhu vanopika mumatare edzimhosva kubasa rekurima iri kupararira. Sezvakatsanangurwa Svetlana Sonina, Kubva kumakwikwi ari kumabhizinesi, vanhu vanosarudzwa kushanda mukuchenesa, kuronga kana kurongedza zvigadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, nyanzvi dzakanyatsokwanisa dzinowanzowanikwa pakati pevasungwa. Ipapo mapurazi ane mukana wekuwana akangwara injinjini, tekinoroji, mutyairi, makanika, zvichingodaro.
JSC Ozyory, chikamu cheMalino Boka reMakambani, iri kutora chikamu muchirongwa cheFederal Penitentiary Service yeRussia. Kuburikidza nekuedza kwe CEO Sergei Pryamov yekugara kwechikamu ichi chevashandi, iyo UFITS yakavakwa - yakakosha saiti inoshanda senzvimbo yekururamisa. Maererano nehuwandu hwekunyaradza uye midziyo, inonzi iyo yakanakisisa munharaunda yeMoscow. Kushandisa vasungwa, vari kuedza kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anovabvumira kuti varatidze zvavanogona.
Lesnye Dali LLC zvakare yakapinda muchibvumirano neHofisi yeFederal Penitentiary Service yeRussia yeMoscow Region, uye zvino vashandi vanouya pano kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika. Kuti vawaniswe pokugara, chivako chehostel chomunzvimbomo chakatengwa ndokugadziridzwa. Vitaly Shtopel anotenda kuti kubatanidzwa kwevakasungwa kunoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa nyaya dzevashandi. Uye kana paine kuramba kuchikwira kwevashandi, unogona kuronga zvakachengeteka kukura nekusimudzira kwekambani kwemakore anotevera. Mukuwedzera, kubatsira vanhu vakagumburwa kutora nzira yeruramiso chinhu chakanaka.
Mutsika dzakanakisisa
Hazvina kukwana kupa mushandi basa rakagadzikana uye kutarisira kuti aite zvakanaka. Svetlana Sonina Ndine chokwadi chekuti kubva kudivi rebhizinesi, kuratidza kufarira muvashandi vayo kunofanirwa kutora chaiwo mafomu.
Semuenzaniso, kana vadzidzi vauya kuzodzidzira, zvinodikanwa kuvapa hupenyu hwakanaka: imba yakanaka, chikafu chakanaka. Ratidza nyanzvi dzenguva yemberi aesthetics yenzvimbo yebasa uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda, vasanganisire mutsika yekambani yebhizinesi. Asi, zvinonyanya kukosha, vechidiki vanofanira kutorwa pakarepo pasi pebapiro revadzidzisi vane ruzivo vakatoita basa mubhizinesi, zvinonyanya kudiwa kumutsiridza sangano rekupa mazano muchimiro chayo chechokwadi, sezvazvaiva munguva dzeSoviet.
Vashandirwi vemazuva ano vari kuyedza kukwezva vashandi nemari yakanaka. Ekaterina Nikiforovа yakasimbisa izvi nedata kubva kune saiti hh.ru. MuRussia yose, muhoro wepakati wakapihwa muna Chivabvu wegore rino waive zviuru makumi manomwe zveRubles kune agronomist (70% kupfuura muna 19), zviuru makumi matanhatu nezvisere zveRubles kune tekinoroji, zviuru makumi matanhatu nenomwe zveRuble zvemakanika, zviuru makumi matanhatu neshanu. - kune nyanzvi yezvipfuwo, 2021 zviuru rubles - kune veterinarian.
Paruzivo rwangu samaneja Valentin Kozlov kugutsikana kuti kukwidza mihoro kukwezva vashandi vatsva uye kuchengetedza vashandi hakuchakwane. Naizvozvo, VALMIX LLC iri kuita yekukurudzira sisitimu inobvumira vanhu vanoda uye vanoziva kuita mari yakanaka. Pano, zvakare, isu tichafanirwa kutendeukira kune yekare tsika yeSoviet, apo vatungamiriri vakapihwa iyo inonzi muhoro wegumi nematatu pakupera kwegore. Mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano, muridzi webhizinesi anokwanisa kupa mubairo kune vashandi vanonyanya kuvimbisa nemabhonasi. Saizi yavo inofanira kudarika avhareji muhoro, kana zvichibvira kakawanda, kuitira kuti mugamuchiri aone kukosha kwake uye anoedza kururamisa kuvimba.
Vitaly Shtopel Ndine chivimbo chekuti kukwezva zviwanikwa zvevanhu kunoda kunyatsofungwa-out social policy. Vatungamiri veLesnye Dali vakafunga kutenga nekuvakazve imwe imba yekurara, iyo ichagadzira anenge gumi nemaviri-kana maviri-makamuri emakamuri evashandi venguva yemberi. Purojekiti yekuvakwa kwenharaunda yekottage yedzimba gumi neshanu dzakagadzikana dzine mapindu egadheni iri kugadzirirwawo kuitwa. Iyo yakapedzwa yedzimba stock inofanirwa kukwezva vechidiki nyanzvi vakakwanisa kutanga mhuri kubva kumatunhu akasiyana enyika.
Kubva kuvateereri kuenda kundima
Ekaterina Nikiforova yakataura kuti kubva pakutanga kwegore, makambani eRussia ane hukama nekurima akaisa anopfuura 48 vacancies pa hh.ru. Ichi chinenge chetatu (+ 28%) kupfuura muna 2022, uye 51% kupfuura muna 2021. Chikumbiro chikuru chevashandi vatsva chakanyorwa muMoscow (9% yezvinzvimbo), Krasnodar Territory (8%) uye Voronezh Region (6%). Panguva imwecheteyo, nhamba yevakakumbira, pane zvinopesana, inoratidza maitiro asina kunaka. Saka, kubva muna Ndira kusvika Chivabvu muna 2021, vashandirwi vakaisa nzvimbo dzinosvika zviuru 1,1 zveagronomist, uye panguva imwecheteyo muna 2023 pakanga paine vanopfuura zviuru zviviri.
Kukanganisa kwakakomba Valentin Kozlov inodana nzvimbo inotarirwa yedzidzo yepamusoro yepamba pakupihwa kwemadiploma kune vanoongorora, uye kwete kudzidziswa kwevashandi. Mune maonero ake, midzi yezvinetso mukugadzirwa iri mudzidzo yedu, iyo yakarasika makore anenge 30-40 apfuura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kudonha kwemwero wayo kubva pasirese kuenda kupakati.
Mhinduro yedambudziko Svetlana Sonina inoona kuitwa kweiyo pfungwa yedzidzo yakakurudzirwa naSachigaro wePotato Union, General Director weMalino JSC. Sergei Lupekhin. Pfungwa iyi inotora hukuru hwekudzidzira pamusoro pedzidziso, kudhirowazve zvirongwa zvekudzidza nenzira yekuti vadzidzi vegore rechitatu nerechina vanopedza kusvika 60% yenguva yavo yekudzidza kumabhizinesi, uye kwete mumakirasi. Vadzidzi vari munzvimbo dzekudzidzira "agronomy", "agrochemistry", "agroengineering" uye zvichingodaro vanofanira kuva nemukana wekudzidzira michina yekurima kuyunivhesiti uye kuwana kodzero yekuitungamirira.
Chirongwa ichi chakatsigirwa nevabatsiri veMubatanidzwa - Institute of Agrobiotechnologies yeTimiryazev Academy uye Tula State Pedagogical University yakatumidzwa zita reL. N. Tolstoy. Semuenzaniso, nechisarudzo cheRector weTula Pedagogical University Konstantin Podrezov, kubva munaGunyana 1, 2023, vadzidzi vegore rechitatu nechina veFaculty of Natural Sciences, nzvimbo dzekudzidzira "Agronomy", "Biology", "Biotechnology", "Biotechnology". uye Faculty of Technology uye Bhizinesi, nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa "Vehicle Service" ", "Technical systems in agribusiness", ichatanga internship paBogoroditsky Alliance LLC pane 50/50 purogiramu (50% yenguva yekudzidzira mukuita, 50% mu kudzidza).
Chishandiso chekudzidzisa chinoshanda Svetlana Sonina inofunga nezve Federal Project "Professionality", mukati megadziriro iyo JSC "Ozyory" uye Kolomna Agrarian College, pamwe chete nevamwe vatori vechikamu, vari kuvaka "Agrocluster" yekudzidzisa uye yekugadzira munharaunda yeMoscow. Vadzidzi vanobatanidzwa mairi vanokura pane zvakanakisa zvedzidzo zvinyorwa - kutora chikamu mumagadzirirwo ekugadzirwa kweagribusiness.
Irina Berg