Mumwaka wekurima wa2023, kwakave nekuwedzera kuri pachena mukufarira kwevarimi mumasevhisi emaagrolaboratories aNyamavhuvhu. Kubvunzurudza kwekurima uye, kunyanya, kuongororwa kwerabhoritari kuri kuita basa rinowedzera kukosha mukurima, sezvavanobvumira mapurazi agronomists kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pezviri kuitika mumunda uye mukati memiti, uye pahwaro hwayo kuita sarudzo dzakakwana maererano nekutenderera kwezvirimwa, kusarudzwa kwemhando uye mahybrids, kuchengetedza nekudyisa zvirimwa, pamwe nezvimwe zvakawanda zvekurima mukurima, kuitira kukohwa goho rakarongwa.
Sezvo mwaka wakaratidza, agroanalysis iri kudiwa zvisinei nekuti mamiriro ekunze anokura sei. Uye zvakare, zvinova zvinobatsira kwete chete mumamiriro ehupfumi akanaka kune vanogadzira zvekurima, apo basa guru riri kuwedzera goho rezvirimwa, asiwo munzvimbo yakaoma yakaoma inoda kutora matanho ekugadzirisa mutengo. Nyanzvi dzinobva kumarabhoritari ekurima eAugusta kubva kumatunhu akasiyana eRussia dzakataura matambudziko akatarisana nevarimi gore rino uye kuti ndeapi masevhisi aidiwa zvakanyanya pakati pavo.
Vyacheslav Krasin, mukuru weboka redunhu "Agroanalysis-Center", Gryazi, Lipetsk nharaunda.
Mumwaka wekurima wa2023, marabhoritari yedu yakawedzera huwandu hwemaodha ekuongororwa kwemunyu wevhu. Chokutanga pane zvose, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushanda uye kwenguva refu kushandiswa kwemadiridziro ekudiridza: kana kunharaunda yeAstrakhan nyaya yesalinization yechipiri yakagara yakakosha, zvino munzvimbo dziri pasi pekudiridza muCentral Black Earth Region uye, kunyanya. munharaunda yeVoronezh, takasangana nayo kekutanga. Dambudziko iri, sekutonga, rinotanga kuonekwa mushure mekudiridza kwenguva refu kwenzvimbo dziri pasi pezvirimwa zvekurima uchishandisa mvura isina kukwana. Kunyangwe chidimbu chinoratidzika sechisingakoshi chemunyu unonyungudika nyore mumvura yekudiridza kana ichidiridzwa kwemakore 10-12 inotungamirira kune alkalinization uye kusasimba kwechipiri kwemunyu wevhu. Zvakare, mwaka uno marabhoritari akawedzera huwandu hweongororo dzakaitwa maererano nezvirimwa zvemichero: izvi zvinosanganisira phytoexpertise, tsvakiridzo yevhu, uye ongororo yataurwa pamusoro pemvura inoshandiswa pakudiridza. Izvi zvinoratidza zvese zviri zviviri maitiro akajairwa ekuwedzera nzvimbo iri pasi pemagadheni uye kuunganidzwa kwematambudziko munzvimbo iyi.
Anna Karmach, Ph.D., microbiologist paAugusta partner laboratory - Center for Agricultural Technologies "Agrodoctor", Novosibirsk district, Novosibirsk region.
Gore rino, boka revanyanzvi vetekinoroji uye nyanzvi dzemurabhoritari vaifanira kunyatsoongorora kushandiswa kwemishonga yesora nekuda kwekupisa kusingawanzo uye kusanaya kwevhu: munzvimbo zhinji, kunaya kwekutanga kwakadonha chete mumazuva gumi echipiri aJune, uye kubuda kwezvirimwa kwakanga kusina kuenzana. Semuenzaniso, paflakisi, kurapwa kwakasiyana kwakaitwa: kutanga, mapurazi akarwa nemasora ezviyo, asi kune dicotyledonous zvirimwa, kurapwa kwakamiswa kusvikira nhungirwa yakakura yemasora yaonekwa - kusvika chikamu chakakosha chekukura kwezvirimwa chasvika. Muzvirimwa zvembeu yemafuta, kushandiswa kwemishonga yesora kwakagadziriswa nekuda kwekuonekwa kwechipiri chesora rezviyo mushure mekutanga kwekunaya kwemvura. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze aivepo, nyanzvi dzemurabhoritari dzaifanira kuita sarudzo maererano nekugona kwehupfumi hwekushandisa fungicides, zvichibva pakuongorora kubereka kwemunda uye kusimba kwekukura kwechirwere; zvirongwa zvakarongwa zvekudzivirira nekuisa fetereza zveminda chaiyo zvakagadziridzwawo. Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ne meadow moth, takanga takatarisana nebasa rekudzora nhamba yezvipembenene uye kufanotaura kuonekwa kwechizvarwa chinotevera.
Tatyana Ledeneva, mukuru weboka redunhu "AgroLaboratory-Livny", Livny, Oryol region.
Nekuda kwekutora chikamu kwerabhoritari mumasemina ekudzidzisa kwevatengi, kudiwa kwemasevhisi edu kwakawedzera zvakanyanya gore rino - zvekuti pane kudikanwa kwekukwezva vashandi vatsva kuchikwata. Kunyanya, nekuda kwesemina dzakatariswa zvishoma dzevarimi vembatatisi, huwandu hwemashandisirwo ekuongorora tuber yembatatisi hwakawedzera. Kubva pakutanga kwechirimo, nyanzvi dzedu dzave dzichibatanidzwa mukutora masampuli evhu nechinangwa chekutarisa phytosanitary, uye kwegore rino zvakakosha kuti huwandu hwemasampuri evhu hwakadzidzwa hunokunda huwandu hwemasampuri ezvirimwa (uye izvi hazvitarise masampula evhu. kuona kudzvinyirira kwevhu uye kuumbwa kwezvipenyu zvevhu zvinoitirwa kuronga kutenderera kwezvirimwa mumatsutso). Vatungamiriri vemwaka pakati pezvinhu zvekutsvagisa vaive mhodzi dzezvirimwa gumi zvakagadzirirwa kudyara - kunyanya gorosi, bhari, soya bhinzi, pizi, buckwheat, asi kwaivewo nemasampuli emafuta eflakisi mhodzi, oats, ryegrass uye kunyange mupunga. Maererano nekudyarwa kwegore negore kweminda mitsva munharaunda yeOryol, kune kushandiswa kwekushingaira kwehutano hwe laboratori yekuziva zvirwere zvemapuro miti yemiti. Kekutanga gore rino, takashanda nemadzinde ezvirimwa zvemaruva, bhinzi dzakafara nembeu dzemuchero. Zvakare, mwaka wapera, mamaneja aNyamavhuvhu, pamwe chete nenyanzvi dzekurima, vakanyatsoongorora mafambiro ekukura kwefowy mildew musoya beans, vakabatsira mukurekodha chirwere ichi nekuenzanisa kushanda kwemishonga yefungidziro inoshandiswa.
Mikhail Suprunenko, mukuru weboka redunhu "AgroLaboratory-Stavropol", Stavropol, Stavropol Territory.
Rabhoritari yedu ine makore maviri, asi kunyange tichifunga nezvenguva pfupi yebasa, tinoona kuwedzera kwezvikumbiro zvekutsvaga mune entomology, phytopathology uye agrochemistry kubva kumapurazi ari muStavropol Territory, Kabardino-Balkaria neKarachay-Cherkessia. Wese munhu anoda kwete chete kuziva salinity uye dhigirii rekupa ivhu ne macro- uye mesoelements, asiwo kuwana kuverenga kwemaminerari ekudya kwegoho rakarongwa reimwe chirimwa, sezvo fetiraiza yakawedzera zvakanyanya mutengo; Izvo zvinoitika kuti kuitira kuti purazi irarame, zvinodikanwa kuverenga iyo shoma inobvumirwa vhoriyamu yekushandiswa zvichienderana nekugona kwevhu. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, varimi vakatanga kufunga nezvekusarasikirwa nekubereka, sezvo zvibereko zvakakwirira zvakabatana nekukurumidzira kubviswa kwezvokudya kubva muvhu, asi kuvarimi ndiyo nzira inokosha yekugadzira uye kiyi yeramangwana rakabudirira. Kazhinji, huwandu hwezvikumbiro kwatiri kubva kuvarimi vebindu nevarimi vemiriwo, kunyanya avo vanorima zvirimwa zvakaita sehanyanisi uye mbatatisi, iri kukura. Kune yakakura kubata, yedu yekubvumidzwa yenyika kwakakosha, kunyanya, yekuwana mhedzisiro ye phytopathological zvidzidzo. Pane kudiwa kukuru kwekuongorora (kusanganisira yekutanga) pakuchengeta michero nemiriwo, kunyanya hanyanisi, nekuverenga kwehupenyu hwesherufu. MuKabardino-Balkaria, mapurazi akati wandei anoda sevhisi yekuona kusawirirana kwemaapuro kugomba rinovava. Kune varimi vezvirimwa zvemichero, kukosha kwekuongorora ivhu nemvura kuri kuwedzera - izvi zvinova pachena, semuenzaniso, sezvo chirongwa che "Turnkey Gardens - 10 Acres" chichikura, apo varidzi vemapindu vakavarongerwa nerubatsiro rwerubatsiro rwehurumende. kutanga kuda data, izvo zviri kuitika munzvimbo dzavo.
Elena Shuplyak, mukuru weboka redunhu "Agroanalysis-Don", Azov, Rostov nharaunda.
Nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura, iyo yaive yakakwira zvakapetwa ka2,5 pane yaiwanzoita makore apfuura, kudonha kwemvura uye kubuda kwezvirwere zve phytopathogenic, varimi vekuSouthern Federal District vakaratidza kufarira kwakanyanya mwaka uno mukutarisa mamiriro ezvirimwa kuti ishandiswe nenguva yekurapa fungicidal. . Phytopathological uye microbiological analysis yevhu nezvirimwa zvaive zvakakosha. Pachine chido chekare chekuongororwa kwemvura kuti uone kunaka kwayo kwekudiridza uye kugadzirira kwemishonga yemishonga yezvipembenene - kunyanya, izvi zvinowanzoitika kunharaunda yeRostov nekuda kwekuderera kwemvura mumadhamu uye pasi pevhu. Zvakadaro, gore rino, mapurazi madiki ari kurima zvirimwa achidiridzwa awedzerwa kunhamba yevatengi venguva dzose. Kudiwa kwekutariswa kwekudyara kwekusingaperi nekushanya kwenyanzvi uye sampling kwawedzera. Pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwekugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kweiyo organomineral fetiraiza, kudiwa kwakamuka kuti vaongororwe nezve izvo zvinovaka muviri uye kuongorora kunaka kwezvigadzirwa izvi. Zvakare pakutanga kwemwaka, nekuda kwekubuda kweFusarium wilt yemadomasi akarimwa mumba, huwandu hwekuongororwa kwechirimwa kwakaomarara kwakaitwa uye kurudziro yakapihwa yekuvaka gadziriro yekudzivirira zvirimwa yakawedzera. Mukugadzirira mwaka mutsva, nhamba yemasampuli embeu ye phytoexamination uye kutsunga kweunhu hwavo hwekudyara yakawedzera.
Vera Platonova, mukuru weboka redunhu "AgroLaboratory-Saransk", Saransk, Republic of Mordovia
Muna 2023, zviitiko zvikuru zverabhoritari yaive ongororo yakazara yembeu (kutemerwa kwemhando yembeu, phytoexamination yembeu, kupihwa kwekurudziro), phytopathological zvidzidzo zvechirimwa (kuongororwa kwekukuvadzwa kwechirimwa nehosha dzefungal nemazano ekudzivirira chirimwa) , pamwe nekuongororwa kwakazara kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvirimwa zvechando. Takatanga kugamuchira zvikumbiro zvakawanda kubva kune vanogadzira zvekurima kuti vaongorore mamiriro ezviyo zvechando munguva yechando uye kutanga kwechirimo. Kuongorora kwakaomarara kunosanganisira kuona kugona kwezvirimwa, iyo shuga yemukati metillering node, kuona huwandu hwezvirimwa zvine intra-stem tupukanana, tichifunga nezve chiyero chekukuvadzwa kwezvirimwa nezvipembenene, tichifunga nezve kupararira kwefungal plant zvirwere. , kuongorora chirimwa zvinhu zvekuvapo kweparasitic nematodes uye kurudziro yekudzivirira chirimwa. Kudiwa kwekuongorora mamiriro ezvirimwa zvemuchando kuri kukura, sezvo zvichikutendera kuti uchengete mbeu dzechirimo kuti dzikwanise kudzvanywazve kwenzvimbo dzisina simba, pamwe nekuita sarudzo nenguva nezve kumwe kurapwa kwemakemikari uye mashandisirwo efotereza.
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