Vagari veColorado mbatatisi beetle vane kugona kunoshamisa kwekusimudzira kurwisa zvipembenene, kusanganisira akawanda ecarbamate, organophosphate, pyrethroid, spinosyn, uye neonicotinoid zvipembenene zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi.
Kugona kwebete kukudziridza kurwisa hazvishamisi nekuti chipembenene ichi chaifanira kujairana nekuwanda kwehupfu hweglycoalkaloids muSolanaceae mauto. Muchokwadi, zvipembenene izvi zvakagara zvakagadzirirwa kurwisa chepfu yemhando dzakasiyana.
Zvakare, Colorado mbatatisi nyuchi dzinobereka huwandu hukuru hwevana, izvo zvinowedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekungoerekana wasangana nemishonga inorwisa zvipembenene. Mazai makumi mashanu pachirimwa akawedzeredzwa ne50 20 mbesa dzembatatisi paeka anogona kugadzira miriyoni yezvipembenene muchizvarwa chimwe chete. Uye kazhinji kune zvizvarwa zviviri kana zvitatu zvebete pamwaka.
Kana mushonga wezvipembenene ukatanga kuiswa pachirimwa, twupukanana twudiki twunonangirwa (zvichida twumwe chete pamamiriyoni gumi) hunogona kurarama nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka. Kana pasina chimwe chinhu chinoauraya, mashoma mashoma anochinja anomera anomera. Uye vazhinji vevana vavo vachagara nhaka yekurwisa zvipembenene.
Mazano ekudzora Colorado potato beetle uye kudzivirira kudzivirira zvipembenene
Mbatatisi kutenderera kwezvirimwa uye kuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo
Zvipembenene zvakura zvinopinda muvhu muminda yembatatisi yegore rapera uye zvinobuda muchirimo kuzodya, kukwirana uye kukandira mazai. Makonye anobuda mumazai, anodya kwekanguva, obva awira pasi kuti abereke uye atangezve kutenderera zvakare. Kuisa mbatatisi dzegore rino kure nedzegore rapfuura kunoita kuti zvitambudzi zvitadze kuwana chikafu kana zvabuda.
Zvipembenene zvinodya zvirimwa zvenightshade nesora chete uye hazvifambi nzendo refu. Kuti zano iri rishande, patsanura minda neinosvika 0,25 mamaira.
Mwaya zano
Mimwe mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoipa kana mushonga wekupfapfaidza wakanyanya kuwanda (eg spinosad, spinetoram). Vamwe vanotanga kuipa kana mhinduro iri alkali isina kwayakarerekera (semuenzaniso phosmet). Mimwe mishonga yezvipembenene ine adjuvants (semuenzaniso, abamectin uye thiamethoxam) haifanirwe kushandiswa.
Matanho ekukura nekukura
Iwe kazhinji uchawana mushonga unoshanda wekuuraya zvipembenene kana ukamirira kuti makonye aoneke. Mishonga mizhinji yezvipembenene inoshanda zvakanyanya kurwisa makonye madiki achangobva kuchochonywa. Zvinowanzokurudzirwa kuti foliar feed kana yakapoteredza 50% hatch. Shandisa huwandu hwakazara (dosage) yemushonga wezvipembenene wakanyorwa pazita kuti uwane mibairo yakanaka.
Alternate insecticides ane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita
Kushandiswa kwechipembenene chimwe chete (kana akawanda ezvipembenene ane maitiro akafanana ekuita) anogona kukurumidza kutungamirira mukupikisa kana kuyambuka-kupikisa muColorado potato beetle populations. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchinjisa mishonga yezvipembenene kubva kumapoka akasiyana nechero application. Kana ukasauraya inoshingirira mutants neimwe, unogona kuadzora nekushandisa kunotevera kwemushonga unouraya zvipembenene.
neonicotinoid zvipembenene
Varimi vazhinji vembatatisi vanoshuma yakanakisa Colorado potato beetle kutonga pavanoshandisa neonicotinoids (IRAC boka 4) pakudyara kana kumakomo. Iyo inozivikanwa kupa 80 kune 100 mazuva ekusara kwekutonga. Asi kuratidzwa kwezvipembenene zvinogara kwenguva refu mumashizha zvinogona kuumba masimba ekusarudza akasimba ekupikisa. Kune akawanda neonicotinoid-resistant vanhu muEast uye Midwest.
Kuwedzerwa diapause
Vamwe vagari veColorado potato beetle vanodzivirira kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nekugara pasi pevhu kwenguva yakareba uye kunonoka kukura kwavo. Iyi nzira yekurwisa inonzi yakawedzera diapause. Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chekutarisisa huwandu hwezvipembenene muminda yembatatisi. Munokwanisa kupfapfaidza kana zvipembenene zviripo kwete kupfapfaidza maererano nekarenda.
Munyori wechinyorwa ichi ndiCarrie Huffman Wohleb, anobatana napurofesa wembatatisi, muriwo, uye zvirimwa zvembeu paYunivhesiti yeWashington.