Muna Zvita 2023, UN General Assembly yakazivisa Chivabvu 30 seInternational Potato Day. Kuratidza kukosha kwembatatisi muupenyu hwevagadziri nevatengi, Food and Agriculture Organization yeUnited Nations (FAO) yakasarudza musoro wezuva racho unoenderana nenguva wokuti: “Kudyara mbeu dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera tariro.”
Chinangwa cheInternational Potato Day ndechei?
Mbatatisi chinhu chakakosha kugadziriro dzezvekurima dzepasi rose, kubva kuvarimi vadiki vanorima mhando dzakasiyana dzenhaka muAndes kusvika kumapurazi makuru ekutengesa mumakondinendi. Chikafu chiri chechitatu chiri kudyiwa zvakanyanya pasi rose, chinopa kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu uye raramo kuvanhu vekumaruwa nemumaguta pasi rose.
Mhemberero yeInternational Potato Day ichabatanidza mhedzisiro yeGore Renyika Dzepasi Potato, iro rakapembererwa muna 2008. Icharatidza zvakare kukosha kwechirimwa sechombo chekurwisa nzara, hurombo pamwe nenjodzi dzenharaunda izvo zvinokanganisa masisitimu ezvekurima. Zuva Renyika Dzepasi Pose richavawo chiitiko chekupemberera basa rakakosha rekurima mhuri, iro rinoshandisa chikamu chikuru chevakadzi, mukuchengetedza kusiyana kwembatatisi, uye kuratidza tsika nemagariro ekurima nekudyiwa kwechirimwa ichi.
Mbatata chigadzirwa chakakosha chekudya chinodyiwa nevanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni pasi rose.
Ngatidyarei mhodzi dzekusiyana, tikure tariro
Parizvino kune anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvemhando dzembatatisi dzakavandudzwa, dzakarimwa uye dzepasi rose, mazhinji acho anogadzirwa uye anodyiwa chete nevanhu veko mumakomo eAndean, anomiririra pakati pechirimwa chakasiyana. Sezvineiwo, kune vangangosvika zana nemakumi masere hama dzemusango dzembatatisi dzakarimwa dzine huwandu hwakasiyana hwehunhu hunodiwa, hunosanganisira kugona kujairana neakasiyana siyana kwezvakatipoteredza nekukura mamiriro, kuramba tumbuyu nezvirwere, uye hukuru hwekudya.
Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvehukuru tuber, mavara uye maumbirwo ari kushamisa. Mazhinji ehama dzemusango dzembatatisi hadzina kukodzera kudyiwa nevanhu, asi dzinopa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzira mhando dzembeu dzemhando yepamusoro dzinoenderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, dzinopesana nezvipembenene nezvirwere, uye dzinosangana nezvido zvemusika uye zvinodiwa nevatengi.
Pfungwa huru
Mbatata inobatsira mukugadzirisa matambudziko ekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekurima, kuvandudza hutano hwevanhu, kuvandudza nharaunda nekuvandudza hupenyu.
Kunatsiridza kugadzirwa: Kuitwa kwakapararira kwemaitiro ekurima epamusoro uye matekinoroji akakosha kuchabatsira mamirioni evarimi kuvandudza goho ravo rekurima uye mari.
- Mabhenefiti eagronomic agronomic maitiro, anosanganisira manejimendi ekurima zvirimwa, anofanirwa kuvandudzwa uye kuratidzwa, uye varimi vanofanirwa kupihwa simba rekuzvishandisa.
- Kuvandudza nzira dzekurera kubatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemhando dzemamiriro ekunze-smart uye dzakagadziridzwa munharaunda.
- Varimi vanofanirwa kuwana mhodzi dzemhando yepamusoro dzemhando dzemhando yepamusoro uye dzinobereka zvinonyatsoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira masisitimu nemamiriro ekunze.
- Zvakakosha kupa varimi mikana yekudzidza hunyanzvi hweagronomic uye kushandisa matekinoroji ekuvandudza goho uye kuderedza kurasikirwa nemarara.
Kuvandudza hutano hwekudya. Mbatatisi dzakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri, mavhitaminzi, zvicherwa uye fiber yekudya.
- Mbatata ine vhitamini C yakawanda, iyo inobatsira kudzivirira scurvy.
- Mbatata ine potassium yakawanda, electrolyte inodiwa pakushanda zvakanaka kwemoyo, tsandanyama uye tsinga.
- Mbatata peels ine fiber yekudya inodiwa pakushanda kwegayi remunhu.
- Kukosha kwekudya kwembatatisi kunoenderana zvakanyanya nemhando, mamiriro ekunze, ivhu, nzira dzekukura, kuchengetedza mamiriro uye nzira dzekubata, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirira.
- Mbatata inogona kuva chikamu chekudya kwakanaka, asi chete kana ichidyiwa mune imwe chiyero, inobatwa, yakagadziriswa uye yakagadzirirwa mune dzimwe nzira, uye yakaenzana nezvimwe zvekudya zvinodyiwa.
Kuvandudza nharaunda. Kutora masisitimu ekugadzira mbatatisi akasimba anogona kuvandudza kuchinjika kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera zvipenyu zvakasiyana.
- Nekurima huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemhando dzepamusoro dzakagadziridzwa kumamiriro enzvimbo, kusimba kwemaitiro ekukura mbatatisi kunogona kuwedzerwa.
- Nekurima mhando dzembatatisi dzine hupfumi uye dzakasimba, unogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwechirimwa.
- Kurimwa kwakasanganiswa kana kuti mbatatisi-legume rotation system inoda fetireza yemakemikari shoma nekudaro inoderedza kuburitsa gasi regreenhouse.
- Miitiro yezvekurima inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, yakadai semadiridziro nemadiridziro uye kurima kwekuchengetedza, inoda kuvandudzwa, kubvumidzwa uye kuparadzirwa.
Kuvandudza hupenyu hwehupenyu. Mbatata chirimwa chikuru chinoita kuti pave nechikafu uye mikana yekurarama nayo.
- Kukosha kwembatatisi, kubva pakurima kusvika pakugadzirisa kukosha, kurongedza uye kushambadzira, inopa vagari vekumaruwa nevemadhorobha, kusanganisira vakadzi nevechidiki, mikana yakakosha yebasa rakanaka.
- Mumadhorobha, madhishi embatatisi akawanda uye madhiri ari kugadzirwa uye kutengeswa - iyi iindasitiri inovimbisa kubva pakuona kwevechidiki bhizimusi.
- Kuwaniswa kukuru kwehunyanzvi hwekuita matekinoroji uye misika kunogona kuvandudza mihoro yevarimi vadiki vanochengetedza mhando dzakakura dzembatatisi.
Iyo inoshamisa nyaya yembatatisi: sei chizvarwa cheAndes chakava mukurumbira wenyika
Mbatatisi, iyo nhoroondo yayo yakatanga muAndes, yakambonzi “ruva rebudiriro yekare yeInca,” iro rakanga riri zvirimwa zvikuru. Muzana ramakore rechi 500, mbatatisi yakaunzwa kuEurope, kubva kwayakazopararira pasirese. Mumakore XNUMX chete, chave chirimwa chakakosha chekudya kune vatengi vakasiyana-siyana pasi rose.
Kupararira kwembatatisi kwakabatsira kudzikisira kutsamira kwehuwandu hwevanhu vekuEurope pazviyo uye nekukasira kukura kwemadhorobha nekuwedzera chikafu. Zvinotendwa kuti panguva yeQing Dynasty muChina, mbatatisi yakaponesa vanhu kubva munzara. Munguva dzekurwisana kwakadai seHondo Yenyika II, ichi chigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro, chinogona kudyiwa nekugadzirwa kuduku, chakava nzira inokosha yekuona kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya. Kukosha kwebasa rembatatisi munguva dzakadai kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kutarisisa kwavari sechigadzirwa chinopa hutano kuvanhu vari munzvimbo dzakawirwa nenjodzi, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo maketani ekupa zvinhu haashande uye kuwana chikafu kuri kutyisidzirwa. .
Nhoroondo yembatatisi inogona kutsanangurwa nemashoko akakodzera okuti "mari ine mativi maviri." Nzara Huru yakaitika kuIreland kuma1840 inoratidza kuti kushaikwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa kwemajini uye hurongwa hwekurima kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemajini akasiyana-siyana mumbatatisi, mbatatisi inononoka blight, yakakonzerwa nefungus Phytophthora infestans, yakaparadza mbesa dzembatatisi munyika yese, zvichikonzera kutadza kwezvirimwa izvo zvakakonzera nzara yakawanda uye masaisai ekutama.
Kuti udzivise matambudziko emunguva yemberi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mbatatisi inobatsira mukusimudzirwa kwekurima kune hutano uye masisitimu echikafu, kusiyana kunofanirwa kuvandudzwa uye kuchengetedzwa mumasimisheni ekugadzira zvirimwa. Kune angangoita zviuru zvishanu zvakasarudzika genetic kuwanikwa kwembatatisi munyika, ichipa sosi yekuenderera mberi kupfumisa yejini dziva, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kushandisa akasiyana siyana eiyi tuber uye nekudaro kwete kungoderedza kutapukira kwayo kune tumbuyu, zvirwere uye mhedzisiro kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, asi zvakare kuwedzera kuchinjika kwayo kune inogara ichiwedzera kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze. Mhinduro dzekuvandudza mumasisitimu ekurima uye mechanization inopa mimwe mikana yekubatanidza zvirinani mbatatisi mumasimisheni ekurima akasiyana uye anosimba.
Data inoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwepasirese kwembatatisi dzisina kugadzirwa kuri kudzikira. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nyika zhinji dziri kudya zvekudya zvakabikwa zvakanyanya, zvinosanganisira mbatatisi, uye tsika iyi inotyisa iri kukonzera kupararira kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekushaya chikafu.
Pane shanduko mukuvandudza kwepasi rose zvekurima uye chikafu masisitimu, kana zvichidikanwa kuti titarise zvakanyanya nzira dzekugadzira chikafu, kugadzira uye kushandisa. Mbatata inogona kurimwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi, inobereka goho rakakura munzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzine makomo, uye dzinoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzetsika dzekubika, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha mukuedza kuenderera mberi kwekuvaka magadzirirwo akasvibira, anobatsira uye akaenzana.
Dana kuita chiito
Nekudya mhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi, isu hatingopfumise tsika yedu yekubika, asi zvakare tinobatsira kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvekurima. Kune zviuru zvemhando dzembatatisi kutenderera pasirese, imwe neimwe yakasarudzika maererano neruvara, saizi, kuravira uye zvinovaka muviri, zvichiita kuti ive kwete chete chirimwa chakakura, asiwo sosi yekurudziro yekubika uye chinhu chakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzeagri-chikafu. systems.
Mumwe nomumwe wedu anogona kugovera kuchinjo inogarisa. Matanho ekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwembatatisi uye kushandiswa kunotanga paInternational Potato Day kunogona kuburitsa mhedzisiro inonzwika nguva refu mushure mechiitiko. Pazasi pane mienzaniso yezvirongwa zvakadaro.
Hurumende nemasangano epasi rose anogona:
- kugadzira nharaunda inogonesa, kusanganisira yemutemo uye yemasangano, yekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakasimba uye kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi sechikamu chekudya kune hutano;
- kukurudzira kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira kune anowedzera kugadzira, anosimba uye ane simba ekugadzira masisitimu umo mbatatisi inorimwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirimwa;
- tsigira tsvakiridzo ine chinangwa chekuvandudza matekinoroji akadai sekuvandudzwa kwemhando dzehybrid diploid nembeu dzembatatisi dzakauchikwa;
- Kurudzirai kuvandudzwa kwekutonhora kwekuchengetera uye kuparadzira masisitimu embeu mbatatisi kuitira kuti varimi vagone kuwana nekushandisa mhando dzakakwana.
Mabhizinesi eindasitiri yezvekudya:
- Ngaave mapiyona mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvembatatisi! Ita kuti zvigadzirwa zvembatatisi zvinovaka muviri zviwanikwe nevatengi uye kuderedza marara.
- Shanda nevarimi kuti vatarise nzira nyowani dzekugadzirira chikafu chine hutano uye kurongedza kwakasimba, pamwe nenzira nyowani dzekugovera dzinofunga nezve mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza.
Vabereki nevadzidzisi:
- Inogona kukudziridza tsika dzakanaka! Mbatata inogona kuva chikamu chekudya kwakanaka, kwakaumbwa pamitemo yezvakasiyana-siyana, kuenzanisa, kuenzanisa uye kukwana. Kana zvakakodzera mutsika, mbatatisi inogona kuiswa muzvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye zvine utano kuchikoro uye kumba. Chengeta vana vako vachikurudzirwa uye vadzidzise tsika dzekudya dzine utano.
- Tenga mbatatisi dzinorimwa munharaunda kuti utsigire varimi vanodzirima nekubatsira kuti pasi rive neutano hwakanaka.
Masangano asiri ehurumende nemasangano akazvimirira anogona:
- Ita zviitiko zveveruzhinji zvinoratidzira kukosha kwetsika kwembatatisi, kugadzirisa nyaya dzekuchengetedza chikafu, uye kugadzira cheni dzakaenzana uye dzinoita pundutso kukosha kwembatatisi;
- Kudyidzana nevanoumba mitemo nevarimi vanosanganisira madzimai, vechidiki nevechivanhu, kuti vaone kuti zvavanoda zvave zvichikosheswa muzvirongwa zvekurima nebudiriro;
- Goverana zviitiko, mienzaniso yakanaka uye zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva kumapurojekiti emuno, pamwe nehunyanzvi hwakakodzera kukwirisa.
Ini ndinopinda sei?
Ronga chiitiko
Rongai chiitiko chekuti veruzhinji vapemberere zuva reInternational Potato Day. Unogona kuita webinar, nhaurirano, kana musangano wakatenderedzwa nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika, vadzidzisi, masayendisiti, varimi, uye vadzidzi, inoteverwa nechikamu chemibvunzo-nemhinduro kukurudzira nhaurirano. Govera ruzivo rwako uye ruzivo neveruzhinji!
Magadheni epamba nenharaunda
Rongai boka repurojekiti yembatatisi munharaunda kana mubindu rechikoro kudzidzisa vechidiki kurima mbatatisi, kuvadzidzisa nezvehutano hwavo, uye kuita kuti vafarire kudya zvine hutano kwechirimwa. Tsvakurudza mhando dzembatatisi dzemuno.
Bata neruzhinji
Bata resitorendi yako yaunofarira yemuno, nharaunda yenharaunda, yakazvimirira kana yehurumende agency, kana yekudyira yechikoro uye uvaudze nezveInternational Potato Day. Vakoke kuti vakurudzire uye vasanganise ndiro kubva kumhando dzakasiyana dzembatatisi pane menyu.
Gadzirira kudya kunonaka
Tsvaga kuti mhando dzemuno dzinogona kugadzirwa here uchishandisa tekinoroji inotsanangurwa muresipi yawasarudza. Tsvaga kuti ndedzipi mhando dzembatatisi dzinoshanda zvakanyanya. Vabiki uye vanofurira chikafu vanogona kuratidza vavanoshanda navo mashandisiro emhando dzembatatisi dzinosiyana mukuravira uye magadzirirwo mundiro. Mhuri dzinogona kuenderera mberi netsika dzavo dzekubika nekurangarira ndiro dzavanofarira mbatatisi. Koka shamwari dzako uye vaunoshanda navo kuti vagoverane mabikirwo ezvidyo zvembatatisi zvinonaka uye zvine utano.
Ipa mhinduro itsva!
Kana iwe uri kugadzira tekinoroji yekuvandudza kana uine zvikumbiro zvekushandura mbatatisi kukosha kweketani, udza nyika nezvadzo! Titumire email nezvavo paInternational-Day-of-Potato@fao.org uye isu tichashambadza ruzivo sezvatinochigamuchira pawebhusaiti yedu yepamutemo.
Batana nevezvenhau mukupemberera
Shandisa vezvenhau vanobatika kuparadzira shoko nezve International Potato Day kuburikidza nemapepanhau, masaiti enhau, hurukuro dzehurukuro kana misangano yevatori venhau.
Paridza shoko
Joinha nhaurirano dzepamhepo uye tumira ne hashtag #PotatoDay! Paridza shoko kuburikidza nesocial media.
Chokwadi uye huwandu
Kune vanenge Kune zviuru zvishanu zvemhando dzembatatisi, uye kusiyana uku kunoita kuti ive chishandiso chakakosha chekuchengetedza chikafu chepasi rose uye hutano.. Nekuda kwekusiyana uku, chirimwa chinogona kuenderana nemamiriro akasiyana uye masisitimu ekugadzira uye kushandiswa mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, nekuti imwe neimwe yakasiyana ine yakasarudzika zvimiro maererano nekugona.
Mbatata inoumba hwaro hwekudya kwemabhiriyoni evanhu uye vari chechitatu chirimwa chekudya chinonyanya kudyiwa munyika mushure memupunga negorosi.
Mbatata inosanganisirwa mukudya kwezvinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvevagari vepasi, zvichiratidza kukosha kwetuber iyi pakudya kwehuwandu hwevanhu pasi rose.
Pakati pa2000 na2020, nzvimbo yembatatisi yepasi rose yakaderera ne17 muzana, asi kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa kwakawedzera ne11,25%. Kushandiswa kwemhando dzakavandudzwa uye maitiro emazuva ano agronomic inokubvumira kuti uite zvigadzirwa zvakawanda kubva munzvimbo duku uye tora rimwe danho rekugadzira masisitimu ekurima zvirimwa.
Kwose kunorimwa mbatatisi, vakadzi vekumaruwa vanoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza, kurima, kukohwa nekutengesa. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, semutemo, vakadzi ndivo vanorima chirimwa ichi.
Mbatata dzinorimwa munyika zana nemakumi mashanu nepfumbamwe pasi rose, uye ivhu rinosvika 159 miriyoni mahekita akagoverwa kwavari.. Nyika inogadzira 374 miriyoni matani embatatisi pagore.
Mbatata ine antioxidants, zvinhu zvakasikwa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza masero emuviri kubva pakukuvadzwa. Antioxidants inobatsira chengetedza hutano hwakanaka hwecholesterol uye nekudaro kubatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwemoyo.
Mbatatisi dzinoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvebio-based senge mapurasitiki anogona kugadzirwa. Imwe yemashandisirwo asina kujairika embatatisi starch kugadzira imwe yenzvimbo ine hushamwari kune echinyakare epurasitiki. Zvinhu zvakawanikwa kubva mbatatisi protein uye starch, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akasiyana marudzi ekurongedza, zvakadai semidziyo yezvokudya uye makapulisi emishonga. Mukuwedzera, ivo vane gluten-vasina uye vane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwavo kubatsire indasitiri yezvekudya.
Potato Park muAndes. Mumakomo eAndes, pedyo neCusco, Peru, 12-hectare mbatatisi paki ndeimwe yezvirongwa zvisingawanzo kuchengetedzwa. nharaunda yemuno inoshandisa nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvembatatisi genetic uye ruzivo rwechinyakare pakurima, kudzivirira chirimwa nekusarudzwa kwechirimwa ichi. Chirongwa ichi chinogona kuita semuenzaniso kune dzimwe nharaunda dzechivanhu nekuti chakavakirwa panzira inoshanda yekuchengetedza kusiyana kwezvipenyu munzvimbo yechisikigo uye kushandiswa kwayo nevanhu veko vanonyanya kujaira.
Kubva paInternational Potato Day 2024 Guide (Food and Agriculture Organization yeUnited Nations).