Muchirevo chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, matunhu eCentral Nharaunda Yepasi Nharaunda, Central Russia uye kunyangwe Northwestern Federal District vatanga kutamba chinzvimbo chakakura mukuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yekudyara yeRussia. Nekuda kwekukohwa kuri kuwanda mumatunhu aya, zvese-zveRussia zvinongedzo zvekukohwa zviyo (atove anopfuura matani emamirioni zana nemakumi matatu) zvakapfuura nhanho ya130 (anenge mamirioni zana ematani), kunyangwe hazvo pakakanganiswa nekusanaya uye chando muSouthern Federal District. Nyanzvi kubva kukambani yaNyamavhuvhu, inogadzira makemikari ekudzivirira chirimwa muRussia, vanofungidzira kuwedzera kweacreage yezviyo nemafuta emafuta. Izvi zvinogoneswawo nemitengo yakakwira yezvigadzirwa zvezvirimwa mumisika yepasi rose.
Sezvakacherechedzwa mukambani "Nyamavhuvhu", pachiyero chenyika, kutadza kwezvirimwa kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwakabhadharwa nekuwedzera goho kumatunhu eCentral Black Earth Dunhu uye muCentral Russia izere - semuenzaniso, muVoronezh, Tambov, Lipetsk, Moscow, Bryansk, Smolensk, Tula matunhu.
"Tarisiro yezvibereko haina kuzadzikiswa muStavropol, Krasnodar Territories, muchikamu cheRostov Region, kunyangwe maererano nekukohwiwa kwezviyo zvakazove mutungamiri wenyika (mamirioni 11,7 ematani ezviyo muna 2020 achipesana nematani anopfuura mamirioni gumi nemaviri muna 12). Hutungamiri huchengetedzwa zvichishayisa nzvimbo huru; Uye zvakare, ne2019 nzvimbo yakadyarwa yakawedzerwa pano - kunyanya, yezvirimwa zvechando, - anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvekambani yaNyamavhuvhu. - Pane zvese, isu tanga tichitarisa maitiro echirimwa "shift" kwete yegore rekutanga. Pachivanhu, matunhu e chernozem akamira achipesana neashure mamiriro, kunyanya kumaodzanyemba - nekuda kwevhu rakaorera. Zvisinei, zvichitevera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, tinoona kuwedzera kwezvibereko, semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzeBryansk, Moscow, Tver neYaroslavl, kuNorth-West. Izvi zvinogoneswawo nekuunzwa matekinoroji emazuva ano ezvekurima - nekushandisa mafetiraiza uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvidyarwa, kugadzirisazve midziyo yepaki yehunyanzvi, uye kushandiswa kwemhando nyowani dzebhizinesi. Pakati penzvimbo idzo dzakatanga kushanda kunyanya mumatura eRussia, pane tsika yekupinda munzvimbo dzakadai. "Uye iyo Stavropol Territory nenzvimbo dzakavakidzana, isu pakupedzisira tichazotanga kuona, kutaura, seSpain, ndiko kuti, senzvimbo iyo matekiniki ekurima zvakanyanya achabatana zvakanyanya nekudiridza kwekugadzira."
Imwe yambiro pakati pevashandi nezvekukohwa kunotevera muSouthern Federal District nhasi inokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti kusanaya kwemvura kunoenderera panguva yekudyarwa kwezvirimwa zvechando. Nekudaro, mamiriro acho anogona kuramba achivandudza, uye huwandu hwehunyoro muchirimo hunofanira kutora chinzvimbo chakakosha. Asi muCentral Russia, nekuda kweshanduko yemamiriro ekunze, njodzi yekusarudzika zvisina tsarukano kwezvirimwa zvechando nekuda kwekushisa kwakanyanya kwakadzikiswa. Zvinoenderana nezvakafungidzirwa nenyanzvi Nyamavhuvhu, kusimudzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiiwa kuchawedzera mumatunhu aya. Pamusoro pezvo, izvi zvinowaniswa nefaindi kubva kuRosselkhoznadzor yekusashandiswa kwenzvimbo yekurima. Nekudaro, huwandu hwezvikwereti zvakadaro zvino hwakatemerwa zvichienderana necadastral kukosha kweiyo saiti, uye kana pasina chakachinja makore matatu mushure mekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo yakasiyiwa, mutemo uripo zvino unovatendera kuti vabviswe.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mitengo yezviverengero zvezvirimwa zvekurima inogona kukwira mukati megore kana kuti yakatowedzera zvakanyanya. Mumusika wepamusha, semuenzaniso, mu2020, tinogona zvakare kutarisira kuwedzera kwemutengo webhakkwheat: nyanzvi dzinoona kuti izvi hazvibatanidzwe nekukohwa kwakashata, kana nekuwedzera kudiwa, kana nemitengo pamisika yepasi rose. Basa pano rinoitwa neyakajairwa "swing" yetsika yakapihwa: apo buckwheat inokohwa zvakanaka uye chigadzirwa chinoratidzwa muhuwandu pamusika, mitengo yazvo inodonha, mukupindura izvi, varimi vanodzora maacreage avo, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa pamusika zvinoderera, uye mitengo inokwira zvakare. Mamiriro akafanana, kunyangwe isingaoneke zvakanyanya kune wekupedzisira mutengi, iri kusimukira mumusika wepea weRussia. Zvichienzaniswa nemitengo ye2019, mitengo yekutengesa yevagadziri vekurima yezvirimwa izvi inogona kukura zvakanyanya - ne20-30%. Ichi chiratidzo chinofanirwa kusiyaniswa kubva pamitengo yezvitoro, uko kambani yekurongedza, vekutengesa uye ngetani dzekutengesa vanogona kumisikidza yavo yekumaka-uye yakanyanya kukwirira.
Zvakare, nekuda kwekukohwa kwakashata, mutengo wembatatisi unokwira, hanyanisi, karoti uye beet zvinogona kukwira mumutengo. Kuwedzera kune isiri yakanakisa mamiriro ekunze ekuvhura muriwo wekurima mu2020, kushomeka kwevashandi, kwakasangana nemapurazi panguva yekurima nekuda kwedenda, uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, panguva yekukohwa, inofanirwa kukanganisa mutengo. Chimwezve chinhu chinokanganisa mitengo kunogona kunge kuri kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzemazuva ano nevagadziri vezvekurima, izvo zvinobvumidza kuchengetedza zvirimwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye kumirira mitengo kuti ikwire - mushure mekupera kwekutengeserana kwakawanda "kubva kumunda" uye kubva kumatura echinyakare asingatenderi kupa mhando yepamusoro. kuchengetedza.
Mamiriro akakosha anokura mu2020 neshuga beet: nekuda kwekuderera kwezvirimwa uye goho, mitengo yepamusoro yeshuga yakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri kana ichienzaniswa nedanho re2019. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwenguva yakareba yeshuga kuwanda, kuchine tsika yekudzikisa nzvimbo, iyo inowanzo kuperekedzwa nekuvharwa kwemafekitori eshuga kana kushandiswa kwavo kushoma.
Kana iri misika yepasirese, nekuda kwekukohwewa kwakashata kwezviyo muWestern Europe, mutengo wakakwira wakagadzirirwa gorosi reRussia. Uye zvakare, kubatwa chibharo uye sunflower zvinogara zvichidhura.
“Mitengo yembeu dzemafuta uye, kunyanya sunflower pamisika yepasi inosundirwa mudenga nekuwedzera kwekudyiwa uye kuwedzera kuwanda kwenzvimbo dzawo: ichi hachisi chikafu chete, asiwo indasitiri yependi nevarnish, uye biofuel seimwe nzira yemakemikari epeturu. Vagadziri vezvekurima vane tarisiro yekutengesa kunze, asi panguva imwecheteyo, mabhizinesi ekugadziriswa kwemukati kwezvirimwa izvi ari kusimukira muRussia. Varidzi vezvivakwa izvi, vachiva nechokwadi chekuti zvakazara zvizere nemitengo inodhura, vari kutsigira huwandu hwekunze. Kana isu takatoona kushandiswa kwechiyero chakadaro maererano nekutengesa zviyo kunze kwenyika, saka mune wezuva wezuva izvi zvinogona kuitika kekutanga, anodaro Dmitry Belov. - Zvinonakidza kuti mamiriro akasiyana neembatatisi: isu hatisi kuiburitsa kunze, asi kugadzirisa kwedu kwemukati kunenge kusati kwagadziriswa, kuitira kuti chikamu chakakosha chefrench fries uye machipisi munyika zviitwe kubva kunounzwa mbishi zvigadzirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, varimi vembatatisi vari kutarisira kusimudzira mabhizinesi anoshanda pazvinhu zvemumba. "
Mukati megadziriro yemaitiro aya muRussia, nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kumwe kuwedzera kwenzvimbo iri pasi pezviyo, uye zvakare pasi pesoya (kuwedzera kweanosvika makumi matatu muzana pamakore mashanu apfuura) uye pasi pekubatwa chibharo (ingangoita imwe nehafu nguva imwe chete iyoyo). Nzvimbo iri pasi pezvirimwa zvezuva nezuva, maererano nezvakafungidzirwa nenyanzvi, ichawedzerawo, asi kwete zvakanyanya - ne 30-5% pagore. Hakuna nzvimbo dzakawandisa panogona kurimwa goho iri, uye pakuzungunusa mbeu kwaro chikamu charo hachifanirwe kunge chakanyanyisa kuitira kudzivirira matambudziko neagrocenosis. Zvakare, kune varimi, kune kufarira kwakanyanya mukusimudzirwa kwekurima uye viticulture, iyo inofambiswa nezvirongwa zverubatsiro munzvimbo idzi, pamwe nekurima mupunga - zvakare nekuda kwezvirongwa zverubatsiro rwekurima kwemadiridziro.
"Kutaura chokwadi, chero murimi achirima chii, pakupedzisira" anowedzera "mari uye purofiti pahekita. Naizvozvo, kubva pakuona kwekusimudzira kwekurima, harisi iro iro goho chairo iro rinonakidza, asi chigadzirwa cheiyi vhoriyamu nemutengo wemusika, - anodaro Mikhail Danilov, Kushambadzira uye Mutungamiriri Wekutengesa wekambani ya "Nyamavhuvhu". - Uye zvakanaka kwazvo kana basa iri richidarika mutengo. Kana isu tichiongorora goho kubva panzvimbo ino chaiyo uye tisingatarise mamwe matunhu kana matunhu akakanganiswa zvakanyanya nechando kana kusanaya kwemvura, saka paavhareji 2020 raive gore rakabudirira kwazvo mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa. Kana isu tichitaura pamusoro pezvirimwa zvakawanda, saka gore rino tinocherekedza zvese zvakakosha huwandu hwegoho nemitengo yakanaka. Naizvozvo, parizvino, zvinogona kutariswa kuti mamiriro emari mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa ari kusimukira, izvo zvinobatsira mukuwedzera kugadzirwa, kusanganisira nemashandisirwo emidziyo yekuchengetedza michero. Tiri kugadzirira izvi: kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zviviri zvinoshanda uye zvakagadzirwa mumiti yedu mina zviri kuenderera mberi maererano nechirongwa chakarongwa, icho chichazadzikisa kudiwa kuri kukura kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka mu2021 mumusika wedu mukuru - musika weRussian Federation ".
Zvinyorwa zvinopihwa nevekutsikirira sevhisi yekambani "Nyamavhuvhu"