Edhisheni bhodhi yePotato System magazini yakagadzira chinyorwa nezve izvo zvazvino kurongedza matapiri nemiriwo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri pakutanga kwegore ra2020. Ndinoda kufunga nezvenzira dzekurongedza zvigadzirwa munyika zhinji dzeEurope, kutariswa kwemabhizinesi ekunze kune zvakatipoteredza, kurambwa kwepurasitiki uye tarisiro yekusimudzira kwemazano aya paivhu reRussia. Asi denda rakamuka uye pasi rakashanduka. Mhinduro dzipi dzakaramba dzakakodzera?
SUSTAINABILITY TREND
«Zvechokwadi, - anotsanangura Vera Bokareva, murairidzi webhizinesi, chipangamazano, nyanzvi yakazvimirira yemusika wekurongedza uye mutauri wenguva dzose wezviitiko zveindasitiri zvinofukidza kuvandudzwa kwemabhizimusi ekupakata, - iwo makambani makuru epasirese, anozivikanwa emaketeni emaketeni, ayo mumakore achangopfuura akazivisa kukosha kwekugadzira tsika yekushandisa zvine mutsigo uye vakaita zvirongwa zvekugadzira 100% inogadziriswazve kuputira, havana kusiya zvirongwa zvavo uye vachiramba vachiita zvinoenderana nezvakave zvakagadzirwa uye kutorwa zvirongwa. Iyo yekusimudzira maitiro ndeyerefu. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nezvakawanda zvirongwa zvepasi rose, izvo zvinoratidza zvirongwa zvinoenderana kusvika 2025 na2030 ".
Kunyangwe zvisingagone kutaurwa kuti denda harina kukanganisa chikamu chekurongedza zvachose. Chekutanga pane zvese, maitiro kune polymer kurongedza zvachinja - zvese muRussia nepasirese. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, hunhu hausati hwawana yakachengeteka yehutano uye sarudzo inobatsira yekugadzira.
Chii chatinogona kutarisira mune ramangwana? Vera Bokareva anoti kune vepasirese pasirese nyaya yekushandisa zvine hungwaru zviwanikwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwechisikwa icharamba iri yeinonyanya kukosha kwemakore mazhinji. Pane atova akawanda mhinduro dzinonakidza pamusika weEuropean: vagadziri vari kuyedza kushandisa zvakanyanya kugadziriswazve zvinhu, mukurumbira wekutakura kubva mumarara emarara (zvichibva muchibage, gungwa, nyanya nyanya, huskini yezuva, nezvimwewo) iri kukura. Zvivakwa zvekugadzira zviri kuvakwa, kwete muEurope chete, asiwo munyika dzeAsia.
Nehurombo, Russia ichiri kumashure zvakanyanya kudivi iri, kunyanya kana tichitaura zvakananga nezve kurongedzwa kwemichero nemiriwo. Chikonzero chikuru, kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi, ndechekuti kana nyika kana cheni dzekutengesa hadziise zvido zvakaomarara pakutevedzera kurongedza nemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Kuderedza mutengo kunoramba kuri iro rakakosha basa revagadziri veRussia pavanosarudza kuputira.
CHIKURU CHINO MUTENGO
Izvi, chokwadika, hazvishamise. Vagadziri vembatatisi nemiriwo havana mari yekuwedzera: mitengo yezvigadzirwa yakaramba yakaderera kwemakore akati wandei, mwero wekutsinhana (pamwe navo mutengo wezvose zvinoshandiswa) zviri kukura. Uye zvakare, simba rekutenga munyika riri padanho zvekuti munhu anofanirwa kuwedzera kufunga nezvekuti kurongedza kunodiwa zvachose here?
Uye kugadzirwa kwe "eco-zvigadzirwa" munyika medu hazvina kugadzirwa, zvinoreva kuti iwo anodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa. Kana paine chigadzirwa chakadai pamusika zvachose.
«Zvakatipoteredza zvine hushamwari zvinhu zvinowanikwa zviri nyore muRussia, - Vera Bokareva akataura. - Vagadziri vemumba havasati vava kufarira kwavari senyika dzekuEurope dzakasimukira, asi mhinduro inogona kuwanikwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvingangoda kudzidza kutarisa zvinhu zvakanyanya kuronga. Ngatitii kambani iyi yaishandisa kurongedza zvigadzirwa zvayo pane polypropylene trays, ikozvino yakafunga kutsvaga yekutsiva nharaunda. Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti hazvizogoneke kuwana yakazara analogue. Asi iwe unogona kushandisa pulpercarton (izvo zvinoshandiswa munyika medu, semuenzaniso, kugadzirwa kwemasero emazai), ichi chigadzirwa chakagadziriswa chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehukama hwezvakatipoteredza..
Kunyangwe kana iwe ukatsvaga zvimwe zvekunze sarudzo, hazvina kubviswa kuti vachabhadharira dhenari yakanaka: semuenzaniso, akakosha anogadzirwa nefodhi anogadzirwa nechibage mbishi zvigadzirwa, sekumwe kuverenga, nhasi anodhura zvakapetwa kanomwe kupfuura avo zvakafanana.
Makambani eEuropean ari kushanda kwete chete kuti zvinhu zvigadzirike, asi zvakare kuona kuti izvi zvigadzirwa zviri kutengeserana. Kana pamusika wepasirese paine mhinduro nyowani, runyorwa rwezvakanakira harungoratidzi hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kukwevera kutarisisa kwevanogona kuve vatengi kune izvo zvinhu izvo zvine yakanakisa yevatengi zvivakwa, uye mutengo wayo hausi wakakwirira (uye kazhinji kazhinji wakaderera) pane iwo asingadzorekezve akafanana.
Kuderedzwa kwemutengo, nenzira, kuri pamwe nekuda kwekuti zvese zvakagadziridzwa zvekurongedza zvigadzirwa zvinogona kushandiswa pasina kushandura zviripo zvekutakura michina.
Munzvimbo yapashure peSoviet, zvishandiso zvakare zviri kushandwa. Mienzaniso haina kuoma kuwana. Makore akati apfuura apfuura, Kharkiv musayendisiti Sergei Timchuk akagadzira iyo eco-inoshamwaridza kavha firimu yakagadzirwa kubva muchibage starch. Iyo firimu inonyunguduka mumvura inodzika (ipapo ipapo) uye muvhu (mumavhiki mashoma), inogona zvakare kungodyiwa nechikafu, nekuti izvo zvinhu hazvina kukuvadza zvachose.
Uye chaizvo muna Chikumi 2020, masayendisiti anobva kuAstrakhan State technical University akataura nezvekugadzirwa kwefirimu inogadzirwa nemafuta inogadziriswa ichthyzelatin (inogadzirwa kubva mumarara kubva kune yekuredza indasitiri). Sekureva kwavo, izvo zvinokonzeresa zvinhu zvinokwanisa kukwikwidza muzvinhu zvevatengi nezvinhu zvepolymer kubva mupurasitiki.
Kune zvimwe zvinonakidza zvigadzirwa, asi vashoma vanhu vanokwanisa kuunza yakajeka pfungwa kwete chete kuburitsa munhau, asiwo padanho rekugadzira kwakawanda.
Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe chakakosha, zvakakosha kuti uverenge kugona kweprojekiti. Uye tarisa vanogadzira vanogadzira.
PROSPECTS
Kuita fungidziro mu2020 kwakanyanya kuoma. Asi zvakadaro, zvingangoita, Russia ichatsigira iyo yepasi rose maitiro mukuunzwa kweeco-zvigadzirwa.
Pane nharo dzinoverengeka dzekutsigira iyi vhezheni. Kutanga: makambani makuru epasirese (kusanganisira epasirese emabhizimusi epasi rese) anoshanda padunhu renyika yedu, izvo zvinokudziridza zvakabatana zvinodiwa kune vese vavanopa. Munguva pfupi inotevera, izvi zvinodiwa zvichaunzwa kune vagadziri veRussia futi.
Makambani epamba anotungamirwawo nemaitiro epasirese. Semuenzaniso, iyo Magnit chitoro keteni yakaratidza chirongwa chayo chekusimudzira kusvika muna 2020 muna Chikumi 2025, umo yakazivisa chishuwo chayo chekuve mutungamiri mukuderedza kukanganisa kwenzvimbo munzvimbo yeRussia yekutengesa.
Pakazosvika gore ra2025, Magnit inoronga kuita makumi mashanu kubva muzana emhando dzayo uye yavo yekugadzira yekurongedza inogadziriswazve, inogadziriswa kana inogadzirwa; kuzadzisa 50% yekuunganidza uye kudzokorodza kwepurasitiki yakashandiswazve mune edu pachedu mashandiro; Deredza marara echikafu ne100%. Kubva 50, keteni yekutengesa, pamwe nevakabatana, yanga ichiisa fandomats muzvitoro zvavo - zvishandiso zvakakosha zvekutora mapurasitiki nealuminium midziyo kubva kune vatengi kuitira kuzogadziriswa
Pamakambani avo ve "Magnit" ikozvino 70% yemidziyo yemarata inogadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvinogadziriswazve (mapepa ekurasa), makadhibhokisi ega ega anogadzirwa kubva kumabhokisi akashandiswazve uye makadhibhokisi asina huni mune chiyero che60% kusvika 40%; shrink kuputira - 20% yakadzokororwazve.
Muzvitoro, vatengi vanopihwa sarudzo yekupakata: muna 2015, mambure akatanga kushandisa mapepa mabhegi, uye muna 2017, mabhegi anoshandiswazve. Gore rino, kambani yakachinjisa zvachose kumabhegi akagadzirwa kubva ku20% yakadzokororwa mapurasitiki.
Ehe, hazvigone kuti nyika yese izokwanisa kusvika padanho iri muna 2025.
“Uyu hausi mubvunzo wemakore maviri kana matatu anotevera, - Vera Bokareva manotsi, - asi makore manomwe achapfuura, uye Russia ichavakwa zvakare. "Hazvigoneke kupa kuraira kwepasirese kune wese munhu, asi mumaonero angu, makambani makuru ane mari yebudiriro anofanirwa kuve nechekuita nenyaya iyi."
VEKEREZA VEMAZUVA ANO
Nekudaro, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza, kusvika pamwero mukuru, ndeimwe yemagariro emangwana ekurongedza kweRussia. Asi mazwi mashoma anofanirwa kutaurwa pamusoro pemaitiro azvino.
Maererano nenyanzvi, vatengi vemazuva ano, vatengesi nevatengi vezvirimwa zvigadzirwa vanokoshesa mumapake (kuwedzera kune hupfumi, hwatatotaura pamusoro) nyore uye kutevedzera maficha ezvigadzirwa zvakaiswa mairi.
AUCHAN Retail Russia, kunyanya, inokurudzira kuti vatengesi vezvirimwa, pavanosarudza kurongedza, vashandise perforated flow pack panzvimbo pekunamatira firimu (kurwisa kudzora uye chakuvhuvhu), uye kudzivirira hunyoro hwakanyanya uye kuora kwemiriwo - makadhibhokisi substrates pane polyurethane.
Vazhinji vanotaurawo nezve vector isingagumi yekudzora huwandu hwehombodo, ichiti iko kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemhuri pamunhu.
"Parizvino, vatengi vane pfungwa pamusoro pezvavanotenga, - akataura pamusoro peiyi pfungwa Olesya Stemashenok, manejimendi manejimendi webasa rezvekutsikisa reACHAN Retail Russia. - Hazvina musoro kuti mutengi atenge makirogiramu mashanu embatatisi kana akadya isingasviki 5 kg pamwedzi, nekuti panguva yekuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba chigadzirwa chinogona kumera / kuita green uye chinofanira kuraswa".
“Iyi zvakare tsika refu, - Vera Bokareva anoenderera, - uye, hongu, kukura kwayo hazvireve zvachose kuti mapakeji mahombe achanyangarika kubva pamusika kana vanhu vorega kutenga miriwo yakawanda. Asi vanotengesa miriwo vanoshuvira kuwana mamwe margins vanofanira kufunga izvi vounze mini-mapakeji mune yavo assortment, umo munenge muine miriwo yakawanda seyinodiwa nemunhu mumwechete pakushanda. Kana shandisa kurongedza kunoenderana nemamiriro ekushandisa: pikiniki, tudyo mumugwagwa, kugadzirwa kwakagadzirwa kwemiriwo, nezvimwewo, zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kushambidzwa, zvakanaka, uye kurongedzwa pachako kunofanirwa kufadza ziso.".
Chirevo chekupedzisira, chokwadika, ndechekuzviisa pasi, asi nyika yepakeji dhizaini inewo mafashoni ayo. Parizvino, sekureva kwaVera Bokareva, iro rairo rinotungamira rebasa rinogadzira maitiro ekurerutsa. Vatengi vanosarudza laconic yakadzora mhinduro, vachiramba sarudzo "dzinodhura-dzakapfuma". Zvekugadzira, mifananidzo isiri-volumetric inowanzo shandiswa - mapikicha akatsetseka anoshanda pamusika wepasi rose.
Kukunda kwekudzivirira pamusoro pe "Asiaism", sekureva kwenyanzvi, kunokonzerwa nemaitiro eEuropean, pamwe nechishuwo chevanogadzira kugadzirisa kutaurirana nevatengi kuburikidza nemeseji akapusa uye, chokwadika, kwete kubhadhara zvakanyanya.
Asi kune mamwe maitiro zvakare. "Kana isu tiri kutaura nezve chikamu chemichero nemiriwo, uko kushambadzira kuchiri kusimukira, asi paine dura padivi apa, - anodaro Vera Bokareva, - Iko kune maitiro kune iko kushandiswa kweasina-akajairwa mavara echikamu chechigadzirwa mupakeji dhizaini. Hazvina kuoma kuona izvo zvaunoda: ingo pfuura muzvitoro, nyatso tarisa padanho remumvuri wekurongedza zvigadzirwa zvakafanana uye unzwisise kuti pendi dzisiri pano. Iyi danho ichakubatsira iwe kuzvisunungura kubva kune vanokwikwidza. ".
Nekudaro, hunyanzvi uhu hauchakwanise kunzi hunyanzvi - sekushandisa kwemakodhi eQR mune dhizaini, nekuverenga izvo mutengi anogamuchira ruzivo nezvekuti zvigadzirwa zvakarimwa kupi uye ndezvipi zvidimbu izvi zvakasiyana siyana. " Ichi hachisi chinhu chitsva, asi asi chiratidzo chekuravira kwakanaka, imwe yekuwedzera sarudzo ", - iyo nyanzvi inotsanangura.
Pamwe chete, zvakakosha kujekesa chikamu chehomwe yezvinhu zvinotengeswa muzvitoro zvepamhepo. Gore rino, rudzi urwu rwekutengesa rwakagamuchira kurudziro ine simba mukusimudzira, chero zvese zvinogona kutengwa pane network. “Kusvikira vatengesi vese vaona kuti kurongedza kwakafanana kunotaridzika zvakasiyana mukatalog iri pawebhusaiti uye pasherefu, - Vera Bokareva anofunga. - "Asi pane mimwe mienzaniso yekubudirira kweinternet dhizaini mazuva ese."
Iyo nyanzvi inozivisawo maviri anopokana akatungamira maitiro kana uchisarudza mhando yekupakata yezvinhu zvepamhepo. Vamwe vagadziri vanotarisa pakuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvakaunzwa: kurongedza kwavo kunosvika pakuva kwakakura, nematebhu ekudzivirira zvinhu, nezvimwewo Vamwe vanoshandisa musimboti weEuropean wehupfumi uye, kune imwe nhanho, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza: mune iyi kesi, hushoma hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira (uye iyo yakareruka kurongedza, iyo yakadzikira huremu hwemutoro). Kunyangwe iyo sarudzo yemhinduro iri chaizvo nekuda kwehunhu hwechigadzirwa. Sangano: nzira yekufambisa sitirobheni uye mbatatisi zvinofanirwa kunge zvakasiyana nedudziro.