Nyanzvi dzekambani ya "Nyamavhuvhu" dzakaudza kuti ndedzipi miti yezvirimwa yakakonzera kukuvara kukuru kurima kweRussia gore rino. Mamiriro ekunze akanyorova uye anotonhorera mumatunhu akati wandei akatsamwisa kukurumidza kukura kwebhakitiriya rembatatisi, iro rinogona kutorera varimi zvirimwa zvavo. Gorosi ophiobosis iri kukurumidza kupararira muminda - gore rino chirwere chefungal chakanyorwa kwete chete kumaodzanyemba, asiwo muCentral Nharaunda Yepasi Nharaunda. Kuwanda kwemanyoro mudunhu reKursk nenzvimbo dzakavakidzana kwakatendera hupfu hwehutu kukuvadza nzeve dzezviyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, dambudziko hombe revarimi muSouthern Federal District - kusanaya kwemvura - kunogumira kupararira kwechirwere chezviyo chinotyisa - fusarium, iyo pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika inogona kuita gorosi ine muchetura nekuda kwe mycotoxin. Zvakangodaro, huwandu hwekutengesa hwefungicides kubva kune gumi makuru ekugadzira zvipembenene muRussia muhafu yekutanga ye10 zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwechete ye2020 yakawedzera kubva pamabhirioni gumi nematanhatu kusvika kumabhirioni makumi maviri nemaviri (kusanganisa VAT): varimi vekumba vari kushandisa mari yakawandisa kuchengetedza mari yakawanda ...
Muna 2020, varimi vekurima vanobva kuMoscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Bryansk matunhu zvakare vakatarisana nekumuka kwetaputiki bacteriosis, iyo kune anosvika marudzi manomwe. Phytopathologists anotenda kuti chikonzero chikuru chekusimudzira kwezvirwere ndeye yakaderera mhando yembeu muRussia: varimi vanowanzo tenga matapiri ane hutachiona kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, vachiwedzera nzvimbo yayo. Uye avo varimi vanoteerera zvakanyanya kune mhando yechigadzirwa nhasi vanotarisa makumi mashanu-7 sampuli yemidziyo yembeu vasati vatenga, asi kuongororwa kunoonekwa kunobatsira kucheka chete mienzaniso inoora.
"Nhasi hazvibviri kuona hutachiona husingaoneki nebacteriosis uchishandisa nzira dzakapihwa neGOST, iyo mbeu mbatatisi inofanirwa kutevedzera," anodaro Dmitry Belov, mukuru wedhipatimendi rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa zvekambani yaNyamavhuvhu. - Chikamu chinoshanda chechirwere chinogona kutanga nekukura kwehunde - kubva kunaamai kana kunyangwe kubva kune tuber nyowani. Inowanzoonekwa ndeye blackleg, inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kubva kugenera Pectobacterium uye Dickeya, iyo inowanikwawo mumapurazi ega. Dzimwe nguva zvirwere zvinozviratidza pachinhanho chekumera, asi mbesa dzinogona kunge dzisingaratidzike - takaona chiitiko ichi pahekita dzinoverengeka mudunhu reMoscow makore matatu apfuura. Dambudziko rakajairika, asi gore rino bacterioses anonyanya kutaurwa nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze - kuwandisa kwehunyoro uye chitubu chinotonhorera mumatunhu makuru ekurimwa kwembatatisi. Mbatatisi inokanganiswa nebacteriosis inogona "kungobuda" panguva yekuchengetera - dzimwe nguva izvi zvinoitika nematura ese. "
MuSouthern Federal District mwaka uno, pakanga paita kuputika kweophiobosis mugorosi. Ichi chirwere chefungal chine hwindo rakareba kwazvo rekukuvara kwezvirimwa: inogona kuzviratidza pachayo kubva pachikamu chechitatu chemashizha uye chikamu chekucheresa (kuumbwa kwemashizha muzviyo) kusvika kuchikamu chekubhururuka, zvichitungamira pakumisa kudya kwezvirimwa uye, kunyanya, nzeve inogadzira. Chirwere ichi chakaoma kuziva: pamatanho ekutanga chakakanganiswa neRhizoctonia midzi kuora, iyo yanga ichikanganisa zvirimwa muSouthern Federal District mumakore mashoma apfuura, izvo zvinokuvadza midzi uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa kudya kwemiti, asi mhedzisiro yacho inogumira pane izvi. Ophiobolism, muzviitiko zvakawanda, inokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru, uye kukuvara kwazviri kunogona kusvika kusvika ku30% yezvirimwa. Chirwere ichi chinopararira nekukurumidza muminda - dzinosvika gumi muzana yenzvimbo inobatwa gore rega rega. Dambudziko iri rinonyanya kuitika kuStavropol Territory, rakawedzera muKrasnodar Territory, uye mu10-2019. zviitiko zvakasarudzika zvakatanga kunyoreswa muCentral Nharaunda Yepasi Nharaunda.
Kupararira kwechirwere, nyanzvi dzekambani "Nyamavhuvhu" tsanangura, inogoneswa zvakanyanya nekukanganisa mukutenderera kwezvirimwa, kana zvirimwa zvezviyo zvichikura gore negore kunzvimbo imwechete. Iko hakuna nzira inoshanda yemakemikari yekudzivirira ophiobolism, zvisinei, kambani inokurudzira kudzora kukura kwayo nemishonga inouraya utachiona uye kushandisa fungicides kurwisa mamwe maronda mukutanga kwechirimo - hutachiona hwezvirimwa zvisina zvimwe zvirwere zvinonangana zvirinani neophiobolism.
Kursk, Oryol, Bryansk, Kaliningrad neVoronezh matunhu, pamwe neRepublic of Bashkortostan gore rino vakasangana nematambudziko nehupfu, iyo inowanzoonekwa seimwe yezvirwere zvakajairika zvezviyo. Inowanikwa chero pese pese pazviyo zvechando uye inokura mune mamiriro ezvakawanda zvirimwa, tembiricha yakaderera, uye yakakwana hunyoro nefetiraiza. Nekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kuderera kwehuwandu hwehunyoro, kazhinji muna Chivabvu, chirwere "chinoenda" choga - kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Asi gore rino, semuenzaniso, mudunhu reKursk, huwandu hwehunyoro hauna kuderera, chirwere chakatanga kusvika munzeve uye varimi vaifanira kutanga fungicidal kurapwa. Izvo zvikonzero zvakafanana mumatunhu ane zita zvakabatsira mukusimudzirwa kweperonosporosis yesoya - chirwere ichi chinogona kukanganisa kusvika ku20% yezvirimwa.
Kunyanya kudyara kwezuva kwezuva munzvimbo imwechete kunodenha kuoneka kwezvirwere zvakaita se ngura, phomopsis, downy mildew, pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuora - sclerotinosis, botrytis. Pachivanhu, ngura infestations zvakajairika kumatunhu eSamara, Saratov, Voronezh uye Volgograd, uye muna 2020 maitiro ekupararira kwavo haana kuchinja.
Nekudaro, chiitiko chisina kujairika mwaka uno chaive chisina-kutapukira hosha yezuva, kureva kupisa kwekushisa: zvikamu zvemiti zvakafa pasina chikonzero chiri pachena, uye ongororo haina kuratidza kuvepo kweanotapukira. Izvi zvaionekwa kwese kwese - kubva kuStavropol kuenda kuVolgograd.
Uye chimwezve chirwere, chinoonekwa kuputika icho chakazivikanwa mu2020, ipea ngura, iyo yakakuvadza zvirimwa kubva kuCentral Nharaunda Yepasi Nharaunda kuenda Altai.
“Ngura inotanga kuoneka semavara eruvara rweorenji-mashizha pamashizha echirimwa, uye mumwaka wekukohwa, makore emumhodzi anomuka mumashure mevacheki muminda yenzungu. Ichi zvakare chirwere chefungal, kuputika kwacho kwakakonzerwa nemamiriro ekunze akanyorova munzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Uye zvakare, yakazviratidza pachayo kunyangwe pasi pekusanaya kwemvura kumatunhu iwayo uko kune yakakwira "stock" yehutachiona, sezvazvakaitika, kunyanya, muAltai, "anodaro Dmitry Belov.
Muzhinji, iyo nyanzvi inotaura kuti dambudziko hombe kuvarimi vazhinji mu2020 raisave chirwere chezvirimwa, asi kusanaya kwemvura. Nenzira, zvaive nekuda kwake kuti gore rino zvirimwa hazvina kurwara nechirwere chine njodzi senge fusarium, isingakwanise chete kudzikisira hura hwezviyo, asiwo kuita kuti ive nenjodzi kuhutano nekuda kwe mycotoxin. Iyo inotsanangudza iyo nguva yekuvandudzwa kweFusarium unyoro panguva yegorosi maruva - muchimiro chemvura kana dova. Asi mumamiriro ezvinhu pakange pasina mvura zvachose, pakanga pasina mamiriro ehutachiona. Pakutanga, chirwere ichi chakakonzera kukuvara kwezvirimwa muKuban, muStavropol Territory, muboka renharaunda dzeCentral Black Earth Dunhu, muAltai - chaizvo pakanaya mvura mwaka uno.
Kune rimwe divi, nyanzvi dzekambani ya "Nyamavhuvhu" dzinotaura kuti kumatunhu uko kwaive nehunyoro hwakakwana (iyi, kunyanya, Moscow, Smolensk, Bryansk matunhu), pekugara kwezvirimwa zvechando zvakaonekwa. Mariri pachahwo, ichi hachisi chirwere: zviyo zvinogara kana nzeve yakasimba ikaumbwa pasi pechikafu chinovaka muviri, asi kubva pakunyanyisa kwehunyoro, masero emadzinde ari mune isina kusimba mamiriro uye haakwanise kumira nemhepo. Kuti vadzivise izvi, varimi vanoshandisa zvinodzora kukura kupfupisa nekusimbisa dzinde nekuda kwekuswededzwa padhuze kwenzvimbo dzepasi kune mumwe nemumwe. Asi kana matanho asina kutorwa, zvino kana zvirimwa zvikaiswa, zviyo "zvinoyerera" kana kuti zvinotanga kumera zvakanangana nzeve, uye kuswedera kwezviyo pasi sechinhu chinotapukira kunokonzera chirwere.
Kupesana neshure kwekuwedzera kweyakaonekwa chirwere chirwere chezviitiko zvezvirimwa, zvinoreva kurwisa - fungicides - iri kukurumidza kukunda epamba musika. Nekudaro, sekureva kwevagadziri gumi vakuru vemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka muRussia, kutengesa kwefungicides muhafu yekutanga ye10 zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwecheteyo pagore yapfuura yakawedzera neinenge kota - kubva pamamirioni gumi nematanhatu kusvika pamabhirioni makumi maviri nemaviri (kusanganisa VAT). Kuenzanisa: kutengesa kwese kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipuka muhafu yekutanga yegore kwakawedzera ne2020% - kubva pamabhirioni makumi matanhatu nemashanu kusvika pamabhirioni makumi manomwe nemanomwe (kusanganisa VAT).
"Musika wemanyowa - mishonga yekurwisa zvirwere zvemiti - iri kuramba ichiwedzera, - anodaro Dmitry Belov. - MuEurope, mune zvemari, yakakura kudarika musika wevanodzora masora - mishonga yesora, nepo kuRussia ndiko kutengesa kwavo kuchiri kukunda zvakanyanya muchikamu zvacho. Munyika dzeEurope dzine gohwo repamusoro rezvirimwa, anosvika mana ekurapa fungicidal anoitwa pamwaka. MuRussia, gore rapfuura, coefficient iyi yakanga yakaenzana ne4, pamwe gore rino ichasvika 1,5. Nhasi, varimi vekumba kwese kwese vanovandudza kudya kwemamineral kwezvirimwa uye vanotungamirwa nekuunzwa kwemhando dzinopa zvibereko zvakanyanya kusiyana nemhando dzinonyanya kumira kuzvirwere, asi dzakaganhurirwa muzvirimwa. "Izvi zvinotibvumidza kufanotaura kuti musika wefungicide ucharamba uchikura, uye maererano nezvose zviri zviviri kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakarimwa uye kuwanda kwemishonga."
Zvinyorwa zvinopihwa nevekutsikirira sevhisi yekambani "Nyamavhuvhu"