Iyo North Caucasian Federal District inosanganisira 7 zvidzidzo zvemubatanidzwa:
• Nyika yeDagestan,
• The Republic of Ingushetia,
• Kabardino-Balkarian Republic,
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic,
• Republic of North Ossetia - Alania,
• Chechen Republic,
• Stavropol nharaunda.
Territory: 172,4 zviuru mamaira km
Population: 9 967 301 vanhu, avo 49, 91% vagari vekumaruwa.
Nzvimbo: kumaodzanyemba kweEurope chikamu cheRussia, nechepakati uye kumabvazuva kweNorth Caucasus.
Mamiriro okunze: pamapani - continental, yakaoma. Mujinga mezvikomo - zvakanyanya mwero uye munyoro, mumakomo - zvine mwero kutonhorera, mumabheseni - inodziya. Nguva yechando haina chando, zhizha rakaoma uye rinopisa. Avhareji January tembiricha -3,2 ° C (kusvika -10 ° C mumakomo), +20,4 ° C muna July (kusvika +14 ° C mumakomo). Kunaya kuri 300-500 millimeters pagore (pamapani), mujinga mezvikomo - kupfuura 600 millimeters.
Relief: yakawanda yenzvimbo inogarwa neiyo steppe zone (munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe nepakati pedunhu). Nzvimbo yezvikomo iri kumaodzanyemba uye inotambanuka kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, zvishoma nezvishoma ichishanduka kuita makomo eCaucasus.
Denga: 26% - chestnut ivhu uye complexes, meadow-chestnut ivhu, kupfuura 25% - chernozems uye meadow-chernozem ivhu. Kupfuura 6%
tora ivhu remumavhu, kunyanya solonetsous uye solonchakous, anopfuura 4% - brown uye meadow-brown, imwe 3% - floodplain
ivhu. Majecha anoumba zvinopfuura 4% yedunhu reruwa, solonetzes uye solonchaks - kupfuura 1%. Inopfuura 7% yevhavha yevhu inomiririrwa ne burozems, inopfuura 20% - negomo-meadow uye gomo-meadow-steppe ivhu (data kubva kuInformation System "Soil Geographical Database yeRussia").
Nzvimbo yekurima: 3153847 ha.
Zvekurima - imwe yezvikamu zvinotungamira zvehupfumi hwedunhu (nzvimbo yechina pakati pematunhu eRussian Federation mukugadzirwa kwemiriwo, zviyo.
uye nyemba: inenge 15,6% miriwo, 10% zviyo uye nyemba, 4,7% mbatatisi uye shuga beet).
Пochvenno-mamiriro ekunze yakanaka pakukura mbatatisi. Munharaunda yese, zvinokwanisika kuwana zvirimwa zviviri pamwaka. Matambudziko makuru anotadzisa kukura kwembatatisi muNorth Caucasus Federal District ndeiyi: kushaikwa kwemhando yepamusoro yembeu yemhando dzakatemwa, kushomeka kwemidziyo yemazuva ano, uye kushomeka kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera.
REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Territory: 50,27 zviuru sq. km
Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGreater Caucasus uye chikamu cheCaspian lowland, 67% yenzvimbo iyi inogarwa neminda yekurima.
Kubudirira kwekurima kunonyanya kutarisisa mararamiro evanopfuura hafu yevanhu: vangangoita 55% yevagari vanogara
kumaruwa.
Mbatata muDagestan inorimwa munzvimbo dzese dzechisikigo uye dzemamiriro ekunze, kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzakadzika makomo dzinosvika 2500.
mamita pamusoro pemwero wegungwa, kumapani eCaspian pasi pemwero wegungwa repasi (-28 m).
Kugadzirwa kweanosvika 98% yembatatisi inonangana muzvikamu zvega zvega zvehuwandu. Gore negore, pasi pekurimwa kwechirimwa ichi mu
anenge 19 zviuru mahekita akagoverwa kune republic (pamapurazi emapoka ese). Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1, 2021, mbatatisi dzakakohwewa kubva pa18,1 zviuru mahekita murepublic,
339,4 187 matani akacherwa negoho reXNUMX centner pahekita.
Matunhu makuru anorimwa mbatatisi ndiLevashinsky (anopfuura zviuru zvitatu mahekita pasi pembatatisi), Akushinsky (3 zviuru mahekita), Khasavyurtovsky (2,1 mahekita)
uye Buynaksky (1280 ha).
Muchikamu chakarongeka, mahekita mazana mana evhu rinorimika akagoverwa kurima mbatatisi muna 2021. Maererano nenyanzvi dzeMinistry of Agriculture and Food
MuDagestan, kuitira kurima chirimwa ichi munzvimbo dzakakura, mari yakawanda inodiwa, pamwe nekuwanikwa kwemidziyo yakasarudzika. Kukurudzira kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinorimwa mbatatisi, bazi rinotarisira kupa chikamu chemutengo wekutenga michina yekurima.
Chinhu chakakomba chinotadzisa kukura kwembatatisi kurimwa murepublic zvakare kushomeka kwezvinhu zvekudyara zvemhando yepamusoro. Ivhu uye mamiriro ekunze eDagestan akanakira kurima mbatatisi, kusanganisira kurongeka kwembeu yekutanga pakugadzirwa kwehutachiona. Asi nepo huwandu hwakakosha hwekudyara hunouya kuRepublic kubva kune mamwe matunhu eRussian Federation, inowanzove yemhando yakashata uye isina-yakasiyana mhando, iyo inokanganisa goho uye mavhoriyamu ekuunganidza.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nyika zhinji dze republic, kunyanya ivhu rinorimwa, riri munzvimbo dzisina kukwana unyoro, uko zvisingaite kuita mabasa ekurima pasina kushandiswa kwekudiridza. Maererano neDhipatimendi reAnalytical yeHofisi yeFederation Council (Analytical Bulletin No. 4 (764), Dagestan ndeimwe yematunhu makuru ezvakaitika kare.
kurima kwekudiridza, iyo inoverengera inenge 10% yevhu rese rinodiridzwa muRussian Federation. Nzvimbo yese yevhu rakadiridzwa murepublic ndeye 396 zviuru mahekita. Nhasi, inenge 70% yezvirimwa zvinogadzirwa republic inogadzirwa
paminda inodiridzwa. Goho rembatatisi rinorimwa pasi pekudiridza rinosvika 60-70 t/ha.
Zvinoenderana neDagestanstat (Territorial body yeFederal State Statistics Service yeRepublic yeDagestan), mumapoka ese emapurazi:
Gore | 2018 | 1019 | 2020 |
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 19818 | 18972 | 18000 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 356,2 | 353,4 | 357,0 |
kubereka, c.ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 186,2 |
KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC
12,5 zviuru sq. km
Iri mujinga memakomo ekuchamhembe kwechikamu chepakati cheCaucasus uye pabani riri pedyo. Mapurazi anotora 55,8% yenzvimbo. Nzira huru yekurima mbesa kurimwa kwezviyo nembesa.
Iwo makuru mavhoriyamu ekugadzirwa akaiswa muZolsky, Prokhladnensky, Baksansky, Maysky uye Tersky matunhu. Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reKabardino-Balkaria, inenge 52% yehuwandu hwekugadzira inowira muindasitiri yeindasitiri uye 48% pamapurazi akazvimirira.
Muna 2021, muna Gumiguru 1, nekuda kwekuoma kwemamiriro ekunze, chirimwa chakakohwewa kubva ku6,3 zviuru mahekita chete (pamapurazi emapoka ese), 110.
zviuru zvematani ezvigadzirwa zvine goho re173 q/ha. Masangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi akakohwa mbatatisi kubva munzvimbo ye4 zviuru zvehekita, goho rakakura rakasvika 0,02 zviuru zvematani negoho re0,7 centner pahekita.
Ivhu uye mamiriro ekunze (tembiricha, humidity, kunaya, kusapararira kwevatakuri vezvirwere zvehutachiona, nezvimwewo) mujinga megomo uye nzvimbo dzine makomo erepublic inozivikanwa seyakanyanya kurima mbatatisi.
Sekureva kwaSevero-Kavkazstat (Dhipatimendi reFederal State Statistics Service yeNorth Caucasian Federal District), muKabardino-Balkaria:
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 8400 | 8300 | 7900 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | - | 235,5 | 236,1 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 2500 | 2800 | 2500 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 87,9 | 103,8 | 93,4 |
Kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu yembatatisi inzvimbo dzakakosha dzebasa reKBSC RAS Institute of Agriculture. Masayendisiti eInstitute pamwe neFederal Research Center yePotato yakatumidzwa zita A.G. Lorkha (Moscow) vari kuita mukugadzira uye kuiswa kwemhando dzinobereka zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwekurima kwenharaunda. Somugumisiro wekushanda pamwe chete mumakore achangopfuura, marudzi mashanu emapatata akaonekwa, akagadziriswa
ivhu remunharaunda uye mamiriro ekunze ane goho rematani 30-35 pahekita: Goryanka, Nart-1, Zolsky, Musinsky neNalchik. Zvose izvi zvinosanganisirwa muRejista yeHurumende yeKuberekesa Kubudirira kweRussian Federation.
Mugadziri mukuru wembeu mbatatisi muKabardino-Balkaria ndiyo Zolsky Potato Company.
Yakanyanya kutarisisa murepublic inobhadharwa mukusimudzirwa kwekugadzirisazve ivhu.
KARACHAYEV-CIRCASSIAN REPUBLIC
14,3 zviuru sq. km
Inowanikwa mujinga rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweCaucasus. Chikamu chevagari vekumaruwa i57,7%.
Iyo Karachay-Cherkess Republic inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe matunhu eNorth Caucasus maererano nenzvimbo yenzvimbo, kubvira
isingasviki hafu yenharaunda inokodzera zvekurima - 786,9 zviuru mahekita. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivhu rinorimwa rinongotora 155 zviuru mahekita, kana 26,6% yevhu rekurima.
Kugadzirwa kukuru kwembatatisi kunowanikwa mudzimba.
Muna 2021, mahekita 7441 anogarwa nembatatisi muKarachay-Cherkessia, iyo 6063 mahekita ari mudzimba dzega, 936 mahekita ari mumapurazi evarimi, uye 442 mahekita ari mumasangano ezvekurima. Pakazosvika Gumiguru 1, chirimwa chakakohwewa kubva pamahekita 6245, 79,6 zviuru zvematani ezvigadzirwa zvakagamuchirwa negoho re127,4 centner pahekita.
REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA
8 zviuru sq. km
Inowanikwa pakati peNorth Caucasus. Nyika yekurima ndeye 297,5 zviuru mahekita, iyo ivhu rinorimwa
- 183,7 zviuru mahekita.
Zvirimwa zvikuru zvekurima zvinorimwa munyika iyi zviyo nenyemba, pamwe nembatatisi.
Mwaka wa2021 waive wakaoma kuNorth Ossetia, nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, varimi vaifanira kuchinja zvakanyanya mazuva ekukohwa. Uyezve, mu
Nharaunda yacho yakava nokushomeka kukuru kwevashandi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muna Gumiguru 1, mumapurazi emhando dzese, mbatatisi dzakakohwewa kubva munzvimbo ye2,2 zviuru mahekita.
ha, 34,6 zviuru zvematani zvakakohwewa negoho re157,1 q/ha. Iyo inofungidzirwa yekuunganidza vhoriyamu ndeye 96,2 zviuru matani. Muchikamu cheindasitiri, mbatatisi inokohwewa
kubva munzvimbo ye0,2 zviuru mahekita, zviuru zvitatu zvematani zvakakohwewa negoho re3,5 q/ha.
Mwaka unotevera, maererano nekufanotaura kweBazi rezvekurima uye Chikafu cheRepublic, nzvimbo yeminda yembatatisi ichawedzerwa ne900 mahekita, izvo zvichabatsira kudzikisa mitengo yezvinhu mudunhu.
North Ossetia ndeimwe yematunhu anotungamira muRussia mukugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi. Fat-Agro LLC ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira mbeu yembatatisi yakachena isina hutachiona yemhando dzemhando dzemhando dzemhando dzepamba uye dzekunze. Huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvembeu zvinogadzirwa neFat-Agro LLC zvinodarika zvinodiwa nerepublic, saka, microplants, microtubers, minitubers, elite uye mhodzi dzekutanga kubereka zvinotengeswa nebhizinesi mukati menyika nekune dzimwe nyika. Kugadzirwa kwekubereka
mhodzi dzembatatisi muRepublic zvakare iri kuita muKadgaron-Agro LLC.
Kugadziriswa kwevhu kuri kusimukira mudunhu, muna 2021 zvakarongwa kuisa kushanda anopfuura zviuru zviviri mahekita emunda wakadiridzwa.
REPUBLIC OF INGUSHETIA
3,6 zviuru sq. km
Iri panzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwemateru ezvikomo zveGreater Caucasus Range (muchikamu chayo chepakati) uye padiki padyo.
mitsetse - Tersky, Sunzhensky uye Skalist.
Sekureva kwaSevero-Kavkazstat (Dhipatimendi reFederal State Statistics Service yeNorth Caucasian Federal District), muKarachay-Cherkess Republic:
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 8700 | 7800 | 7900 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | 123,8 | 107,9 | 104,9 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 500 | 200 | 200 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 4,0 | 3,4 | 1,7 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | 179,8 | 186,3 | 0,286 |
Vazhinji vevanhu (57,5%) vanogara kumaruwa.
Nzvimbo yese yekurima muIngushetia inongopfuura 150 zviuru mahekita, iyo inenge hafu ivhu rinorimwa. Iyo Republic inonyanya kurima zvirimwa zvezviyo (gorosi, buckwheat, nezvimwewo), sunflower, miriwo uye mbatatisi.
Muna 2021, nzvimbo yakadyarwa nembatatisi mumapurazi emhando dzose yakasvika 3,7 zviuru mahekita.
Sekureva kwaSevero-Kavkazstat (Dhipatimendi reFederal State Statistics Service yeNorth Caucasian Federal District), muRepublic yeNorth Ossetia-Alania:
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 5000 | 4300 | 4100 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | 99,3 | 89,2 | 96,1 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 2800 | 2400 | 1100 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 32,9 | 26,9 | - |
Maererano naSevero-Kavkazstat (Dhipatimendi reFederal State Statistics Service yeNorth Caucasian Federal District), muIngushetia:
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 3100 | 3000 | 2700 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | 37,3 | 33,0 | 30,2 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakadyarwa pasi pembatatisi, ha | 703 | 750 | 500 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 4,0 | 0,4 | 0,2 |
CHECHEN REPUBLIC
16,1 zviuru sq. km
Inogara kumateru ekuchamhembe kweGreater Caucasus, pamwe nenzvimbo dziri padyo nemapani nemapani. Vazhinji vevanhu (63,6%) vanorarama
mumaruwa. Muchimiro chevhu rekurima, ivhu rinorimwa rinotora 14 mahekita. Kurimwa mbatatisi kunoitwa munzvimbo dzese dzine makomo.
Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reChechen Republic, muna 2020, mahekita mazana matanhatu akagoverwa mbatatisi muchikamu cheindasitiri.
Nharaunda yacho inowanzotambura nekusanaya kwemvura, saka, inobhadhara zvakanyanya pakukura kwekunyungudika. Muna 2021, Chechen Republic inoronga kuisa mukutenderera mahekita 3 evhu rakadiridzwa, pamwe ne820 mahekita epasi rekurima rekurima.
Zvinoenderana neChechenstat (Territorial body yeFederal State Statistics Service yeChechen Republic):
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose: | |||
nzvimbo yakasimwa pasi mbatatisi uye mavise muriwo, ha | 12600 | 13600 | 11700 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 32,1 | 32,7 | 38,7 |
kubereka, pakati/ha | 100,4 | 99,9 | 94,5 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakasimwa pasi mbatatisi uye mavise muriwo, ha | 5600 | 6500 | 4300 |
Maererano naSevero-Kavkazstat (Dhipatimendi reFederal State Statistics Service yeNorth Caucasian Federal District), muStavropol Territory:
Gore | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
mumapurazi emhando dzose: | |||
nzvimbo yakasimwa pasi mbatatisi, ha | 14000 | 13600 | 13100 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 232,5 | 217,6 | 218,0 |
mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarimi: | |||
nzvimbo yakasimwa pasi mbatatisi uye mavise muriwo, ha | 5000 | 5500 | 5200 |
goho guru, matani ane chiuru | 115,5 | 113,0 | 137,0 |
STAVROPOL Nharaunda
66,5 zviuru sq. km
Iri munzvimbo yepakati peCiscaucasia uye pamawere ekuchamhembe kweGreater Caucasus.
Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzinogadzira zviyo muRussia. Asi inozivikanwawo nekugadzirwa kwemiriwo (hanyanisi, karoti, kabichi, beet, magaka, matomatisi) uye mbatatisi. Ivo vari kuita 241 varimi vekurima (45 ezvekurima mabhizinesi uye 196 varimi mapurazi). Mabhizinesi ezvekurima mudunhu iri ndiwo arimi mukuru wezvirimwa zvakaita sembatatisi (50%), hanyanisi (46%), karoti (40%), ukuwo 60% yemabhiti anogadzirwa nemapurazi evarimi.
Mabhizinesi makuru ekurima mbatatisi ari munzvimbo dzeIpatovsky, Predgorny, Krasnogvardeysky uye Kirov. Inonyanya kufarirwa munharaunda iyi mhando dzakadai seColomba, Gala, Romano, Red Scarlett.
Muna 2021, mbatatisi inodyarwa pa6 mahekita muchikamu cheindasitiri. Varimi vakatanga kukohwa mhando dzanonoka dzembatatisi
pakupera kwaSeptember, apo mamiriro okunze akanga akanaka. Zvinoenderana nehutungamiriri hwekurima (madhipatimendi) ematunhu emadhorobha nemadhorobha,
Mukutanga kwaGumiguru, zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana mana ematani embatatisi akakohwewa kubva munzvimbo ye3,2 zviuru mahekita, aine goho re90,4 q/ha. Pakazara, zvakange zvakarongwa kukohwa zviuru zana nemakumi matatu nemasere ematani embatatisi muna 280.
Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha mamiriro ekuwedzera goho rembatatisi mudunhu iri kusimudzira kwevakuru uye kubereka mbeu yekugadzira.
Meristemnye kultury LLC ndiro chete sangano muStavropol Territory rinoita kugadzirwa kwembeu yembatatisi zvichibva patsika yematishu. Bhizinesi gore negore rinogadzira 1-2 zviuru zvematani emhando yepamusoro yembeu mbatatisi. Somugumisiro webasa rekuberekesa, marudzi mashanu matsva akagadzirwa.
Kusimukira kwemadiridziro kunonzi ndiko kunoita kuti varimi vagadzikane munyaya dzeupfumi mudunhu.
Gore rino, 14 mapurojekiti matsva ekudiridza ari kuitwa mumatunhu gumi nemana edunhu munzvimbo inodarika mahekita gumi nemaviri. Kusvikira 26, iyo Stavropol Territory inoronga kuwedzera nzvimbo yekudiridza nehuwandu hwe12 hectares. Nokudaro, mukuenzanisa ne2024, nzvimbo yekudiridza ichawedzera ne52 nguva - ne2016 zviuru zvehekita. Zviitwa mugwara iri zvatove kuenderera mberi: muna 2,5, mapurojekiti matsva akarongerwa kutumirwa akagadzirwa uye aiswa mukushanda. Vachavhara nzvimbo ye73 zviuru mahekita.