Olga Bulai, Hofisi yeCIS uye Maneja weDunhu, G. Larsson Starch Technology
Mbatatisi sechirimwa chekurima chinorimwa nechinangwa chekugadzikwa kuita starch inowanzoonekwa sechisina vimbiso - iyo inokosha 13-20% yehuwandu hwe starch ichipikisa 67-70% muchibage negorosi. Asi tichitaura nezvenhamba idzi, vanhu havafungi nezve chokwadi chekuti, maererano nesitashi, mbatatisi inokwanisa kupa zvakawanda pahekita yenzvimbo yakadyarwa pane inonzi "yakakwirira-starch" gorosi uye chibage.
Hongu, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi starch ndeyemwaka, uye neizvi mupfungwa, kugadzira zviyo ibhizinesi rakagadzikana, zvisinei.
Hazvibviri kusiya zvachose kushandiswa kwematato starch, ine zvakakosha zvinhu zvakakosha kune akawanda maindasitiri.
Mabhizinesi emazuva ano eEuropean mbatatisi akazara agro-industrial complexes. Muhondo yekuwana pundutso, chikamu chega chega chesitachi chakakosha kwavari (inofungidzirwa kuti nekuwedzera kwesitachi ne1%, pundutso inowedzera ne5%), nekudaro kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi, kupihwa kwevarimi. nezvinhu zvekudyara zvemhando yepamusoro, uye kuiswa kwemaitiro ekurima epamusoro.
Kwenguva yakareba, chinangwa chemabhizinesi akadaro chaive chekuwana huwandu hwakanyanya hwe starch uye kuunza chigadzirwa kumhando yepamusoro. Asi vagadziri vanotungamira, vasvika pa "ceiling" munzvimbo idzi, vakafunga nezve chimwe chavanogona kuita kuti vawedzere purofiti yekugadzira uye kukwikwidza kwavo mumusika. Meso avo akatendeukira kune zvigadzirwa izvo zvakange zvave zvichionekwa se-zvigadzirwa - iyi muto wembatatisi uye mbatatisi fiber.
Anenge makore gumi apfuura, zvigadzirwa izvi zvaiwanzotengeswa semarara ekugadzira: fiber isina kugezwa yaishandiswa pakudya kwemombe, muto.
kupomba mumadziva ekuchengetera zvinhu uye kushandiswa kudiridza minda.
Kushandisa kwakadaro kunobvumirwa kunyange ikozvino, asi mhinduro dzakawanda dzinobatsira dzakaonekwa. Saka, yakashambwa uye yakaomeswa mbatatisi
faibha yakaratidza kuve yakakosha chikafu faibha, isina gluten uye zvimwe zvinokonzeresa, ine maapplication ari mubheki uye maindasitiri ekugadzira nyama.
Uye processors vakadzidza nzira yekuwana chikafu-giredhi mbatatisi protein kubva mujusi. Kutaura chokwadi, tekinoroji yekunayisa puroteni iri mujusi yembatatisi yakagadziridzwa kare, asi chigadzirwa chekupedzisira, puroteni yakakosha zvikuru maererano nekuumbwa kwayo kweamino acid, pakutanga yaikodzera kufodya chete.
Mumakore achangopfuura, nyanzvi dzakaita basa rakawanda, uye ikozvino, kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwemembrane filtration tekinoroji uye kuomeswa zvinyoro-nyoro pane zvekupfapfaidza dryer, zvave zvichiita kugadzira puroteni inonyungudika nemvura ine yakanyanya kushanda zvinhu.
Muchiitiko ichi, chikamu chejusi chinosara mushure mekubudiswa kweprotein hachishandiswi, asi chinoiswa pasi pekubuda. Mhedzisiro yekushanda ndeye
kuwana protamilassa (ine liquefied mineral fertilizer, inokosheswa zvikuru mukuita kwekukura zvigadzirwa) uye distillate inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa, nokudaro kuderedza kunwa kwemvura kubva mugero remvura kana pasi pevhu.
Iyo inotsanangurwa yakazara denderedzwa yakavharwa, iyo inobvumira kugadzirwa kushanda pasina kukonzera kukanganisa kune zvakatipoteredza. Mienzaniso yemabhizinesi akadai mafekitori makuru epamusoro-soro muSweden, Denmark neGermany, anowanzo kuwanikwa mukati meguta. Nekudaro, kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji nemidziyo munyika dzinotungamira kugadzirwa kwembatatisi starch muEurope kwakonzera kudzikiswa kwemitengo yezvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera kwemari, nekuti mapuroteni (1600-3000 euros / tani kana kupfuura, zvichienderana nemhando. ), fiber (inenge 1800 euros/ton) uye protamilassa (40 euros/ton) inoumba chikamu chakakosha chepurofiti.
Ehe, mapurojekiti akadaro anoratidzirwa nepamusoro capital intensity. Uye munyika dzeCIS, izvi zviri kure nedambudziko chete iro
kugadzira michina inodhumhana. Mabhizinesi ari kusangana nematambudziko nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro uye musika usina kuumbwa, tisingarevi mari nedzimwe njodzi.
Asi zvakadaro, tinotarisira kuti muenzaniso wekugadzirwa kweEurope uchakurumidza kuparadzirwa kune post-Soviet space. Chero zvazvingava, kutanga kwakatoitwa - nekutangwa kweCentral Plains Group - CPG Ukraine "Green Planet" chirongwa. "Green Planet" ibhizinesi re
kugadzirwa-isina tsvina kugadzirwa kwembatatisi starch uye zvinobva kwayo - mapuroteni uye faibha, pamwe nezvimwe zvigadzirwa kubva mbatatisi zvine kabhoni kadiki tsoka. Nhanho yekutanga yechirimwa ichavhurwa mudunhu reLviv mukupera kwa2021.
Chete tekinoroji mbatatisi inozoshanda seyakagadzirwa zvinhu zvekugadzira. CPG inoronga kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwayo kwepamusoro starch premium tekinoroji mbatatisi.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kune maindasitiri akadaro, chiyero chakakosha zvikuru. Iyo yakakwirira yehuwandu hwemutsara, iyo inokurumidza kubhadhara: semuenzaniso, mutengo weiyo yakajairwa Larsson mutsara ine kaviri kugona kunosiyana kubva kune yapfuura nekanosvika 1,3 nguva.
Ndokunge, mutsara wekugadzirisa matani makumi matatu emapatata paawa ichave 30-15% inodhura kupfuura 30-tani imwe.
Chero zvazvingava, kudyara kwehupfumi mukugadzira sitachi kubva mbatatisi kunosvika makumi emamiriyoni emaeuro. Kunzwisisa chiyero chebasa pamberi payo, CPG, semuenzaniso, yakawana rutsigiro kubva kuUSAID Competitive Economy yeUkraine Chirongwa.
Sekupedzisa, tinosimbisa zvakare kuti kuitwa kwemapurojekiti akadai kunoda kuedza kukuru kune vanotungamira mubhizinesi rekurima, vachitsigirwa nerutsigiro rwehurumende. Asi imari mune ramangwana rakabudirira.