Muna 2020, nekuda kwekuvharwa kwemiganhu uye kuiswa kwekurambidzwa kupinda kwevatorwa, mabhizinesi mazhinji ekurima eRussia akatarisana nekushomeka kwakanyanya kwevashandi. Sekutanga kwemwaka uno kwakaratidza, munguva yapfuura mamiriro muindasitiri angowedzera, uye hatisati taongorora chiyero chizere chemhedzisiro pakupera kwezhizha, panotanga kukohwa.
Sekureva kwevarimi vazhinji, pachave pasina chero chinhu chekutora.
Sekureva kwemusoro weVolga-Agromashimport Volgograd purazi Yuri Lemyakin, vagadziri vekurima vemudunhu vakatanga kutaura nezvedambudziko nguva refu basa rechirimo risati ratanga. Mushure mekupedzwa kwekuchenesa, chakakosha chikamu chevatorwa vakaenda kumusha, uye mibvunzo: kana vachikwanisa kudzokera kumashure uye kana vachikwanisa, pazvichaitika, zvakaramba zvisina mhinduro. Nzira yekutenga mbeu mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro?
- Mumakore apfuura, vangangoita zviuru gumi nevaviri vanoenda kunogara munzvimbo yeVolgograd (uye zvakanyanya mumatunhu matatu makuru ekurima miriwo: Gorodishchensky, Sredneakhtubinsky, Svetloyarsky). Gore rapera, kusati kwatanga matanho ekuisa vanhu voga, vanenge 12-3 zviuru zvevanhu vakakwanisa kutishanyira. Mwaka wakaratidza kuve wakaoma, mutengo wemushandi wega wega, uye nekuda kweizvi, mutengo wekuchenesa kwese, wakanyanya kuwedzera. Gore rino, kana chiuru chevanhu vakatishandira, zvakanaka. Uye muzhizha pachave neanotove mashoma: avo vasingakwanise kana vasina nguva yekuwedzera mvumo yekushanda kusvika Chikumi 3,5 (zvinoenderana neMutemo weMutungamiriri weRussia Federation yaZvita 15, 15 Nha. 2020) vachasiya . Pachave pasina anoshanda.
Varimi vemiriwo vakatendeukira kune vese vane masimba uye vakaronga kuzadzisa zvese zvinodiwa nezviremera. Nekudaro, ivo vaive vasina kugadzirira mamwe mamiriro.
“Ndanga ndichiona nezvekunyoreswa kwemagwaro ekupinda kwevanhu vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika kweanoda kusvika makore gumi nemasere., - anodaro Yuri Lemyakin, - uye panguva ino hapana kumbove negore rekuti mitemo yekupinda ive nyore kana kuti ingoramba isina kuchinja.
Gore rino, isu takatanga kuendesa kunyorera kwemwedzi miviri, takaunganidza uye takapa dzakasiyana siyana data, tikadziisa pane saiti. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvimwe zvezvinodikanwa zvakabviswa, nekuti mukuita zvakazoita kunge zvisingaite.
Ipapo ruzivo rutsva rwakapinda: makambani makuru chete ane vangangoita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu evashandi venguva yakazara uye mabhiriyoni maviri emaRuble emari yegore negore anokwanisa kukwezva vanoenda kunoshanda. Iko hakuna mapurazi eichi chikamu mudunhu redu remubatanidzwa.
Iye zvino zvakazozivikanwa kuti vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika vanogona kuyambuka muganho chete nendege, nyika inogamuchirwa inobhadhara rwendo, uye izvi zvinodhura kwazvo. "Neshungu, mamwe mabhizimusi ekurima ari kutora mushandi mumwe chete, vaviri kana vashanu, asi hapana anounza vanhu muhuwandu hunodiwa."
Mushandi achabhadhara marii, achiti, Uzbekistan?
"Pamutemo, tikiti yendege inodhura zviuru makumi matatu nemanomwe zvemaruble., - anodaro nyanzvi yedu. - Asi hazvishande: mushure mekuzadza iyo data, meseji inouya kubva saiti iyo munhu uyu asina mvumo yekupinda. Asi kutenga tikiti kubva kuUzbek intermediary femu - yemunhu mumwe chete, iyo ndege imwe, asi yezana zviuru zana zveRubles. - inoitika munguva ipfupi inogoneka uye pasina matambudziko.
Zvinotora anenge zviuru makumi mashanu emaRuble kugadzirira magwaro anodiwa. Uye izvi zvinongova mitengo yakananga. Panguva imwecheteyo, kwemavhiki maviri ekutanga, mushanyi anofanira kunge achitariswa, zvino zvinotora mamwe mavhiki matatu kuwana patent. Nguva yese iyi, munhu anenge achida kupihwa chikafu. Ngatiwedzerei kune iyi muhoro, uyezve mutengo wekudzoka. "
Uye handizvo zvese zvinodhura.
«Tora, semuenzaniso, nyaya yemubhadharo, - anotsanangura Yuri Lemyakin... - Kune vashandi vane chizvarwa cheRussia, purazi diki (uko kunowanzo kuve pasina accountant zvachose) rinogona kubhadhara muhoro nemari maererano neshoko. Uye kune vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, mari inofanirwa kuendeswa kukadhi rebhangi. (Pasi pemutemo wekutsinhana nedzimwe nyika, makambani eRussia uye vamwe vanoita mabhizimusi vanozivikanwa sevagari, uye vatorwa vasina mvumo yekugara vanozivikanwa sevasiri vagari.Kubhadharwa nemugari achitsigira asiri mugari wemari ipi neipi yeruble, kusanganisira mihoro, inoonekwa sechinhu chekuchinjana chekune dzimwe nyika, misha inofanirwa kuitirwa isiri-mari fomu - kuburikidza nemaakaundi ebhangi ane mabhanga ane mvumo. - kubva ed.)
Asi kuvhura kadhi zvakare iri dambudziko: unofanirwa kuenda nemushandi (semutemo, uyo asingataure chiRussia) kubhangi, uye zvisati zvaitika, dudzira pasipoti yake muchiRussia ... Avo vaisada kutora pamatambudziko "ekuwedzera", izvi muchirimo takagamuchira zviziviso zvemutero kwemakore matatu apfuura: faindi muhuwandu hwe100% yemari yakabhadharwa Kune vamwe, huwandu hwe "chirango" hunosvika makumi maviri emamirioni rubles. "
"Gore rino, mapurazi mazhinji mudunhu medu, ayo aimbokwezva vatorwa kuti vashande, vakagamuchira chiziviso."
“Handisi kurega kuti chitima chichaenda muzhizha, matikiti ayo achabhadhara zviuru zvitanhatu zvemaruble imwe neimwe. - anowedzera Yuri. - Kana izvi zvikaitika, ndichatora vamwe vanhu vashanu kana vanomwe mumba mangu. Asi kazhinji, chiyero ichi hachizobatsire nyika neimwe nzira, yatononoka kuita chimwe chinhu ”.
Kwapera nguva, nekuti kudyara kwainge kwapera, zvaive zvisina kunetsa kufanotaura zvawanikwa: sekureva kwaRusprodsoyuz, kutengeswa kwembeu manheru emwaka uno kwakaderera ne50-60% zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura, kutengeswa kwembeu kwakadonha nehafu.
“Kudzikiswa kwekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa zvese zvinoda mabasa emaoko (madomasi, mhiripiri, mapurantingi, magaka, mavise, mavise, zucchini) kwakakosha zvikuru, - inosimbisa Yuri Lemyakin. - Nekuti panguva iyoyo, apo mbesa dzaifanira kudyarwa muma greenhouses, zvaive zvisina kunyatso kujeka kuti chii chaizotarisirwa kumberi. "Vanhu vakafunga kuti zvirinani vadzike mari, kuitira kuti vasazowana kurasikirwa nekusiya goho mumunda.".
Nyika inofanirwa kugadzirira chii pakupedzisira? Mberi ndiko kukura kwemitengo yemiriwo, kukura kwekunze, matambudziko makuru ekugadzirisa mabhizinesi.
“Mune rimwe remapurazi akavakidzana mwaka uno vakadyara mahekita makumi maviri ematomatisi pachinzvimbo chechivanhu zana negumi nematanhatu. Gaba racho rakatotenga goho ravo kuma20 rubles / kg. Izvi zviri kunyangwe hazvo chokwadi kuti pakutanga mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro haupfuure makumi maviri emabhuru / kg, uye chiyero chakatengeswa pa160 rubles / kg "- Yuri Lemyakin anoenderera mberi.
Zvinonakidza kucherechedza kuti kunyangwe paine fungidziro yekuwedzera kwemitengo, vazhinji vevaRussia (kunyanya avo vanoshingairira kutaura zvavanofunga online uye vanotora chikamu muongororo dzeInternet) havatsigire pfungwa yekudzoka kwevatorwa. Pfungwa inonyanyo kuzivikanwa pamaforamu: vagadziri vekurima vanofanirwa kubhadhara mihoro yakanaka, uyezve zvizvarwa zvemunyika zvichauya kuzozvishandira.
“Furazi redu rave kushandisa vanhu vapfumbamwe, - Yuri Lemyakin akataura. - Vane vavo vagari veko. Tingadai takatora zvakawanda, asi bhizinesi iri rinowanikwa chete 10 km kubva kuVolgograd, uye vazhinji vanofarira kushanda muguta, kunyangwe isu tichipa mihoro yakanaka - paavhareji, angangoita zviuru makumi mashanu emaRubles. Vapoteri vanogashira zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu kusvika makumi mana chimwe nechimwe, asi bhizinesi rinotakurawo mari yechikafu chavo uye pekugara (tichifunga izvi, huwandu hwacho hausiyane). Hazvina mutsauko kwatiri kuti ndiani achashanda, asi zvakaoma zvikuru kuwana avo vanoda kuita basa remaoko mumunda. Kunze kwaizvozvo, kuvanhu vazhinji dambudziko nedoro chairo. "
Imwe nzira inogoneka yekugadzirisa dambudziko ndeyekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mazhinji emabasa. Nhasi, vazhinji vezvenhau vanonyora kuti kushomeka kwevashandi vane mutengo wakaderera kuchamanikidza varimi vese veRussia kuti vafambire mberi nebudiriro, uye izvi zvinopa kukurudzira kwakasimba mukusimudzira indasitiri.
“Tinorima hanyanisi, - anodaro director weVolga-Agromashimport LLC, - Iyi tsika, senge mbatatisi, karoti, beet, inobvumira kutsiva basa remaoko nemuchina, uye makuru maitiro ebasa agara akaitwa otomatiki. Midziyo inodiwa yakatengwa kare nhoroondo yekuvharwa kwemiganhu isati yasvika, nekuti kuitiswa kwayo kunokutendera kuti udzikise mitengo uye udzikise mitengo yekugadzira. Zvinobatsira.
Uye ikozvino, semuenzaniso, isu tiri kushanda pane iyo otomatiki yeiyo yekudonha yekudiridza system kuitira kuti kudiridza nekusangana kuitike pane zvakarairwa nekombuta, pasina simba rehunhu hwevanhu. Asi handifunge kuti vazhinji vachatevera nzira imwe chete.
Mumapurazi mazhinji mudunhu reVolgograd, chikamu chikuru kwazvo chebasa chinoitwa nemaoko, uye izvi kunyangwe hazvo, semuenzaniso, kukohwa kwemanyorerwo kunowedzera nezve huwandu hwakaenzana pamutengo wekirogiramu yehanyanisi (4 rubles, kana isu funga nezve chete mutengo wembeu uye kukura). Uye iwo wepakati mutengo wekutengesa wakaramba uri padanho re11 rubles / kg kwemakore mazhinji. Asi kuti udzikise basa remaoko, unofanirwa kuisa mari mumidziyo. Haasi munhu wese ane mukana wakadai.
Mari yemapurazi iri kuramba ichiderera (izvo hazvishamise: 90% yembeu yekusarudzwa kwekunze inotengwa mumaeuro, mafetiraiza anotengeswa mumadhora). Muna 2013, mari yepurazi redu yekukohwa yaive zviuru zana nemakumi masere ezviuru zveRubber / ha, gore rakapera - zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi masere.
Uye kunyangwe varimi vachikwanisa kugara zvakanaka, vachigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu kune vamwe uye vachibhadhara mihoro yakanaka kwazvo kuvashandi vavo, havana mari yasara yekuvandudza mabhizinesi.
Zvakaoma kuwana chikwereti chakasarudzika pa5% pagore, asi vazhinji havachadi kutora zvikwereti kunyangwe pamamiriro akadaro, nekuti zvakaoma kwazvo kufanotaura matambudziko avanosangana nawo. Gore rino, semuenzaniso, kubva munaKurume 20, edu emaketani emaketani akavhara makadhi eonikisi, karoti uye mbatatisi yekugadzirwa kweRussia, zvichipa chokwadi chekuti hapana chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro mudunhu. Muchokwadi, iyi sarudzo yaive mhedzisiro yekuyedza kudzora mitengo mumusika. Varimi vakatadza kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo, vakatambura kurasikirwa kukuru, uye avo vakakwanisa kuchengetedza zvinhu kusvika pakati pegore, ndiko kuti, kudyara mukuchengetedza kwenguva refu, vakatambura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, gore rino zvuru zvina mahekita eanyanisi akadyarwa mudunhu medu pane akajairwa 4 zviuru mahekita. Hanyanisi ndicho chirimwa chinodhura kwazvo kugadzira. Vaya vakarasikirwa nemari paeiii mwaka wadarika vakasarudza macarrots anodhura uye bheet. "Zvinogoneka kuti izvi zvinotungamira mukuwedzeredza kwezvirimwa izvi, uyezve hapana achawana chero chinhu."
Iko kubuda kuri kupi?
“Tichadyara zvakadaro, - Yuri Lemyakin haarasikirwe netariro, - nekuti hapana chimwe chatinogona kuita. Asi isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti kuitira kuti nyika ive nemiriwo yakawanda nemichero, varimi havafanirwe kukanganisa basa ravo, kwete kuumba zvipingaidzo zvekunyepedzera. Zvimwe zvacho tinozvigona. "
For reference:
Sekureva kweBazi rezveMukati meNyamavhuvhu-Kubvumbi 2021, huwandu hwemabasa epamutemo akapihwa vagari vekunze uye vanhu vasina nyika muRussia yaderera ne36% kubvira kutanga kwegore zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana gore rapfuura.
Zvakare, huwandu hwemvumo yepamutemo pakupera kwenguva yekuburitsa yakadzikira neinosvika makumi mana muzana, uye huwandu hwezvibvumirano zvebasa zvinoshanda kune vekunze nechetatu.
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