Sergey Ariskin, Chief Process Injiniya, Agrotrade Kambani
Hakawandisa mavhinga evhu panguva yekukohwa mbatatisi rave dambudziko rakakomba kuvarimi mumwaka we2020. Mune mamwe mapurazi, inosvika hafu yechirimwa chakatakurwa kubva kumunda yaive mavhinga evhu. Izvi zvakadzora zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugamuchira panguva yekuchengetedza. Chaizvoizvo, mavhinga aifanira kutorwa nemaoko pamafambisi. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, chikamu chenyika chakaiswa mukuchengetedza. Sekucherechedza kwedu, mune mamwe mapurazi zvirimo zvirimo zvakatakurwa muchitoro zvinosvika makumi maviri ... 20%.
Ndechipi chikonzero chakakosha chekuonekwa kweakakosha mamota panguva yekuchenesa? Ehezve, uku ndiko kumanikidza kwevhu panguva yekutanga-kudyara nekudyara. Hatisi kuzofukidza musoro wenyaya yekudzikisira ivhu semhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yemuchina wekurima unomhanya masisitimu. Mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi, kushandiswa kwepamhepo yakadzvanya-matai uye madhiraivhi emota haagone. Izvo zvakare hazvigoneke kuramba kubva kumidziyo yekurima nemitezo inoshanda inoshanda. Izvi zvinhu zviviri zvinotungamira mukuparadzwa kweiyo mamiriro evhu (zvikamu zvevhu). Ivhu risina kurongeka rinogona kubatika uye, semhedzisiro, kuumbwa kwemapundu.
Agronomists vanoziva kuti hunyoro ndiyo honzeri huru yekukonzeresa ivhu panguva yechirimo munda webasa. Mhute-yakazara ivhu rinomanikidza nyore. Iyo yekuzorora nguva yevhu mushure mekumanikidzwa, sekutonga, inogara kwenguva yakareba kupfuura mwaka wekukura wembatatisi. Kana tikaisa ivhu rakakomberedzwa mumukoto, tiri mukana wekuwana mapundu panguva yekukohwa.
Kune chinhu chakadai seYAKADZIVA DZIMWE HOSHA YEMAHARA KUSANGANA (HB) - huwandu hwakawanda hwehunyoro hunogona kuchengetwa nevhu mumubhedha waro wakasununguka mushure mekumira kwemahara kwemvura inokweva. Yakataurwa mu% yehuremu kana huwandu hwevhu. Iyo inotariswa neiyo granulometric, mineralogical uye makemikari akaumbwa evhu, maumbirwo ayo, kuwanda, porosity - zvinhu izvo isu, zvakare, tisingakwanise kukurumidza kuita. Nenzira yekufananidzira, uku hakuchina tsvina, asi kana ivhu rasvinwa munzvimbo ino, bundu haridonhe kana radonhera pasi.
Iyo yakakwana nguva yekurimwa kwevhu inguva iyo iyo ivhu iri mune inonzi inonzi kuibva kwemuviri. Kune ivhu rinorema rinorema iri makumi mana ... 40% HB, yechiedza - 70 ... 40%. Kana iwe uchidudzira izvi kuva chikamu chehunyoro muvhu, unowana gumi nemaviri ... 60%, zvichienderana nerudzi rwevhu.
Tafura 1. Nguva dzehunyoro hwevhu hwekugadziriswa kwepamusoro
Humidity muganho | ||||
Pazasi, kurima kwakaoma, hazvibviri kuparadza mapundu, guruva | Kumusoro, inonamira ivhu, kuumbwa kweakaumbika mavhinga | Agrotechnically inogamuchirwa yekurima | Zvemhando yepamusoro kupedzisa uye kushomeka kushomeka | |
Sod-podzolic | 11 | 22 | 12 ... 21 | 15 ... 18 |
Sango grey | 14 | 24 | 15 ... 23 | 17 ... 18 |
Chernozems | 13 | 25 | 15 ... 24 | 15 ... 18 |
Chestnut | 12 | 24 | 13 ... 23 | 14 ... 16 |
Chestnut solonetzic | 12 | 21 | 13 ... 20 | 16 ... 17 |
Grey-shava uye shava | 13 | 21 | 14 ... 20 | 15 ... 17 |
Serozem | 14 | 21 | 12 ... 24 | - |
Sezvinoonekwa kubva paTafura 1, inguva inogamuchirwa yekugadzirisa nekudyara kwevhu inguva iyo hunyoro hwevhu huri pakati pegumi neshanu ... 15% paavhareji. Iyi ingangoita mazuva 20-7.
Chitubu 2020 yainaya uye yakareba kumatunhu mazhinji. Kudyara mbatatisi mune mamwe mapurazi kwakanonoka kunopera kupera kwaJune. Kazhinji, mbatatisi dzakasimwa muvhu rakazara nemvura. Izvi zvakaita kuti paumbwe mapundu.
Chii chingaitwa?
Semaonero edu, chekutanga, bvisa gejo chete. Dura kune kusiyanisa kwakadzika gore rega. Inonyanya kushanda kusunungura kwakadzika nemagejo echisel. Neimwe nzira, kuisirwa ivhu-rekucheresa zvikamu kumashure kwemuviri wegejo. Vanenge vese vagadziri vegejo vanopa ichi chishandiso mune yavo chigadzirwa mitsara. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, vashoma vanoziva nezve izvi. Mukuita, hatina kuona magejo nemidziyo yakadaro. Kuparadzwa kwevhu revhu kunonyanya kuvandudza muyero wemvura muvhu - hunyoro hunochengetwa zvirinani mumatanho epasi, kunyura munzvimbo dzakadzika hakuitike. Ivhu rinokurumidza kuibva mumuviri.
Preplant kurapwa kwevhu
Izvo hazvina basa kuti chivharo chisvike panguva iyo iyo ivhu rakazara nemvura. Tarakita inomhanya sisitimu inokwenenzvera ivhu, uye hazvigoneke kuti kumanikidza uku kuchabviswa mune ramangwana. Izvi zvinoshandawo pakurima nevane varimi. Wet akaremerwa mapundu akabuda kumusoro mushure mekuomesa haigone kuparadzwa kunyangwe nemamishini ekugaya.
Vanoziva agronomists vanoziva kuti mukaha uripo pakati pekucheresa nemichina yekugaya (yakatwasuka yekugaya kana yakatwasuka yekugaya) uye kudyara kunofanirwa kuve kushoma. Mumamiriro ekunze ane mhepo yakaoma, iine mukaha mukuru, hunyoro hunorasika. Muchirimo chinonaya, nzvimbo yakasimwa, asi isina kudyarwa inogona kumira kwemazuva akati wandei. Ivhu rinozvishingisa, kudyara kunowanzotangwa pakunyorova kwakanyanya. Izvi zvichanyatso kutungamira kune bundu kugadzirwa.
Kudyara mbatatisi
Iyo inogadzira 'coulters uye disc harrowers inoshanda zvakanyanya pavhu. Mumamiriro ekudyara akanyorova, kana ivhu richirema kupfuura pakuibva, mapundu akaumbika anoumbwa, mubhedha wembeu wakasungwa. Chinhu chisingafadzi zvakanyanya ndechekuti aya mapundu ari padyo uye pamusoro peiyo mbeu tuber. Izvo hazvigoneke kuvaparadza panguva yekukanya neyekugaya muchina. Ridge rakambotsemura ivhu CHETE MUNE INTER ROWS, mumutsara mapundu anoramba ari muchimiro chawo chepakutanga.
Kubva pane zvese zvataurwa pamusoro apa, tinogona kupedzisa kuti hazvigoneke kudzivirira bundu nechero hunyanzvi uye agrotechnical nzira mumamiriro echitubu chine mvura. Kungoomerera kune akakwana agro-mazwi kunobatsira kudzikisira dambudziko iri.
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