Tinotaura naAlexander Bespalov, mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wePotential LLC, nezvekuti varimi vekumba vanobvumirana here nepfungwa iyi uye kuti yakakosha sei nyaya yekudiridza kwekunyeya nhasi muRussia.
Pakupera kwe2019, akati wandei masainzi uye nzvimbo dzekuongorora dzakatanga kutaura nezve yakakwira mukana wekusanaya kukuru muRussia mumwaka unouya. Pakati pezvinodiwa, vakatumidza mwaka wekudziya zvisina kujairika uye kusavapo kwakakwana kwemvura kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Izvi zvakateverwa nehusina husina kumboitika hunodziya, hwakasimbisa chinzvimbo chevafemberi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, pakanga paine kusanaya kwemvura - muUral, Siberia, kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, asi haina kubata matunhu epakati penyika uye nharaunda yeVolga.
Ndezvipi mhedziso zvinogona kutorwa kubva munyaya iyi? Kutanga, zvinosuruvarisa, kunyangwe vane hunyanzvi nyanzvi havana kukwanisa kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze nhanho zvakadaro. Uye yechipiri: kusanaya kwemvura kunogona kuuya gore rinouya kana mushure memamwe makore mashoma uye kuchazviita pasina yambiro. Uye kana anomalious ichikwanisika uye ichinyatsoita kuti uigadzirire, unofanirwa kuita izvi kuti unzwe uine chivimbo mune chero chiitiko chezviitiko.
Potential LLC chikamu cheAgrotrade Boka reMakambani, inonyanya kugadzirisa mhinduro dzakabatanidzwa. Mutengesi we _ VALMONT INDUSTRIES, INC.
- Alexander, iyo Inogona kambani ine ruzivo rwakakura mukuitwa kwezvirongwa zvekudiridza. Zvinoenderana nezvawacherekedza, huwandu hwemapurazi ari kushuvira zvigadzirwa zvavo zvemadiridziro ari kuwedzera?
- Kune yedu kambani gore rino kukura kwaive 20%. Asi ini ndinofunga kuti chiratidzo ichi hachiratidze chete hunhu hwebasa redu, asiwo kukura kwemusika uzere. Kudiridza munyika medu kwave kusimudzira zvine chinangwa kweanopfuura gore rimwe; rubatsiro rwakakura rwunopihwa mumatunhu kubhadhara mari dzevarimi. Kufambira mberi kukuru kwakaitwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka. Pamusana peiyi mamiriro, varimi vazhinji vekurima vava kutanga kutya kuti nguva iyo nyika yakagadzirira kugovana mutengo wekuunza madiridziro navo ingapera. Naizvozvo, iwo mapurazi aida kuunza madiridziro akafunga kugona kwechisarudzo chakadai, asi akaverengera kuitisa chirongwa kusvika nguva dzakanaka, ndokutanga kushingairira kugadzirisa nyaya iyi.
- Unobva mumatunhu api aunonyanya kubva?
- Zvikumbiro zvakawanda zvinobva kumatunhu eSaratov, Orenburg, Samara. Zvakare, kwete chete makuru uye epakati-saizi mapurazi, asiwo varimi vanoda kuunza kudiridza.
- Kureva, kudiridza kuchiri kudiwa zvakanyanya mumatunhu iwayo uko kunenge kusingakwanisike kuwana goho pasina mvura?
- Pakati peRussia, mvura inorapwa zvakasiyana. Asi chikamu chakakosha chemabhizimusi ekurima, kunyanya iwo anogadzira zvigadzirwa zvemaketeni ezvitoro kana ekugadzirisa mabhizinesi, achiri kushandisa kudiridza, nekuti kana akakura pakudiridza, goho rakakwira, uye mhando yezvinhu iri nani. Miti inogamuchira hunyoro panguva chaiyo painodiwa, iyo inogara ichikanganisa mhedzisiro.
- Ndezvipi zvirimwa zvinorimwa nhasi uchishandisa michina yekusasa?
- Soya, chibage, mbatatisi zvinoita zvakanaka pakudiridza. Mumapurazi mazhinji, gorosi nebhari zvairimwa pakudiridza. Semuenzaniso, ingangoita iyo Nizhny Novgorod yese inodiridzira zviyo uye inogamuchira 70 c / ha - zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kupfuura pasina kudiridza. Uye zviyo chinhu chinobatsira kwazvo nhasi. Mune iwo iwo runyorwa, zvirimwa zvekudya. Mapurazi ezvipfuyo, kuunza kudiridza, ari kutsvaga kuwedzera huwandu hwekucheka, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisa mutengo wekutenga uye kuendesa chikafu kubva kune mamwe matunhu. Uye inovimbiswa kuhwina muhunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvakagamuchirwa.
- Kune matunhu here uko zvisingaite kuita chirongwa chekudiridza (kana tikataura zvakanyanya nezvekusasa)?
- Hakuna matunhu akadaro. Asi kune dzimwe nzvimbo uko kuburitswa kwechirongwa chakadai kwakaoma, uye dzimwe nguva kutosiyiwa. Chipingamupinyi chikuru: chinhambwe kubva kune tsime remvura.
Manyuko akanaka emvura ekudiridza idziva rakavhurika. Kana iyo isipo, tsime rinogona kuve rinotsiviwa, kunyangwe chirongwa chakadai chingave chakabatana nemamwe matambudziko (mvura inogona kunge yakaoma, iine zvemukati zvemunyu nemaminerari, tsime rinogona kunge risina kukwana kuyerera, nezvimwewo). Nyanzvi nyanzvi dzinofanira kuverenga njodzi uye yambiro kumutengi nezvazvo.
- Tinogona here kuti kusvika 2020 vatengi vezvirongwa zvekudiridzira vatanga kunyatsonzwisisa mhando dzemidziyo, kugona kwemamwe masisitimu?
- Midziyo yemadiridziro yevagadziri vekuEurope neAmerica yakatanga kuoneka munyika medu makore angangoita makumi maviri apfuura Ehezve, panguva ino vanhu vakagamuchira ruzivo rwakasiyana siyana nezve matekinoroji ekudiridza, mumwe munhu akatarisa mashandiro anoita zvese pazvirongwa zviripo, mumwe munhu akatowana ruzivo rwavo (zvese zvakabudirira uye pamwe, kwete kunyatso kubudirira). Mamwe mabhizinesi ezvekurima akakwanisa kuvhura mapurojekiti ekudiridzira, kuideredza uye kuvhura kechipiri (kubvisa zvikanganiso zvakapfuura).
- Rudzi rwekukanganisa?
- Pane mienzaniso yakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, kana uchigadzira (kuburikidza nekutarisa kana kunze kwechido chekudzikisa mutengo wese wemitengo), mapaipi ehupamhi hudiki pane zvaidikanwa akaiswa. Mushure mekuburitswa, zvakazoonekwa kuti pakanga pasina mvura yakakwana yekudiridza; chikamu chechirimwa chaifanira kungosiiwa. Nehurombo, "zvikanganiso" zvakadaro hazvigone kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa kudiki.
- Ndeipi nzira yekudiridza tekinoroji iri kusimukira?
- Vagadziri veMidziyo vari kushanda kurerutsa hupenyu hwevashandisi uye nekuvandudza mhando yekushandisa kwemidziyo nekuunza dzakasiyana siyana dzekuwedzera sarudzo.
Valley plant, semuenzaniso, yanga ichangobva kupa retrofit pivot yekudiridza masystem ne "cruise control": chakakosha chishandiso chinoona kuti muchina unotenderera uchitenderedza axis yayo mune yakatarwa nguva yenguva (isina kutsvedza mushure mekumira), ichiteedzera chiyero chakapihwa glaze.
Kune zvakare matsva ekudzora mapaneru ayo anopa anoshanda kuongorora uye kudzora kwekushandisa kwemidziyo kure. Vashandisi vakapihwa mukana wekutonga kure, kusanganisira kupomba zviteshi.
- Icho chiri kudiwa here?
- Hongu, zvitsva zvakadaro zvinounza basa kune nhanho nyowani. Mukukosha, uku ndiko kuita kwekurima kwekurima mukuita - ramangwana, iro kune vazhinji rakatova riripo.
Kudzokorora zviri pamutemo
Muna 2020, sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussia, mabhiriyoni masere nemazana mashanu emabhiriyoni achagoverwa kudzoreredza ivhu, rinova iri 8,5% kupfuura gore rapfuura.
Mu2019, iyo vhoriyamu yerutsigiro rwehurumende pasi pechirongwa chebazi "Kuvandudza Land Reclamation Complex yeRussia" yaisvika mabhiriyoni mashanu, nemazana maviri emabhuru. yaive yakanangidzirwa izvi zvinangwa mukati megadziriro yemubatanidzwa purojekiti "Export yezvirimwa zvigadzirwa". Muna 5,7, rutsigiro kumatunhu emabhajeti ekumisikidza matanho mumunda wekudzoreredza ivhu rekurima anosvika 2 bhirioni. uye 2020 mabhiriyoni rubles. zvichiteerana.
Kubva muna Chikunguru 30, 2020, maRussia agrarians vakatogamuchira anopfuura mabhiriyoni 1,862 emabhuru. bhajeti yekutsigira zviitiko zvekudzosera ivhu. Chiyero chekushandiswa kwemari yekusimbisa nyika kutsigira kugadzirisa ivhu gore rino yakakwira kupfuura gore rapfuura. Nekudaro, kubva pamuganhu wepagore wakapihwa nebhajeti yemubatanidzwa, 17,5% yakaunzwa kune vanogadzira zvekurima (sezuva rimwe chete muna 2019 - 7,8%).
1,496 bhiriyoni. inowira pamari yemubhajeti yemubatanidzwa pasi pechirongwa chebazi "Kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yekudzosa yeRussia" uye chirongwa chehurumende "Kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima". Mamwe ese emari emari muhuwandu hweRUB 366 mamirioni. - mari yemabhajeti ematunhu.
Volga Federal District (41,3%), Northwestern Federal District (38%) uye Central Federal District (24,6%) parizvino vari kutungamira maererano nemutero wekuunza rubatsiro kune varimi. Ivo agrarians vanoita matanho ekudzoreredza ivhu mudunhu reNovosibirsk vakagamuchira inofungidzirwa rutsigiro rwehurumende zvizere, vanopfuura 92% - mudunhu reSaratov, vanopfuura 90% - mudunhu reUlyanovsk.
Muhurongwa hwehurongwa hwehurumende hwekubata zvine mutsindo kwenzvimbo dzekurima mukutenderera uye nekuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo yekunakidzwa yeRussia ye2021-2030, iri kuronga kuwedzera nzvimbo yevhu rakagadziriswa neinosvika 1,6 miriyoni mahekita kusvika padanho ra2018, apo yaive 96,12 zviuru mahekita. Kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa pazvirimwa zvakavandudzwa pamusoro pemakore gumi zvinofanirwa kuwedzera ne10% zvichienzaniswa nenhanho ya145. Panguva imwecheteyo, mwero wekudzikira kwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa zveyakagadziriswa ivhu muhupfumi hwenyika hunofanira kudzikira kubva pa2018% muna 78 kusvika 2020% muna 49,9.
Bazi rezvekurima rinotarisira kuti nekuda kwekuvakwa uye kuvakwazve kwenzvimbo dzekudzosera panopera gore ra2030, zvinokwanisika kudzivirira kuraswa kusvika pamamirioni e3,8 mahekita epasi rakadzorerwa, pamwe nekuchengetedza kusvika kumahekita zviuru mazana masere nezviuru makumi mapfumbamwe kubva pakukora kwemvura, mafashama nemafashama.
Kubva pane zvigadzirwa kubva kuFederal State Budgetary Institution "Center of Agroanalytics"