Kugadzirwa kwe starch uye starch zvigadzirwa ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzekugadziridza indasitiri, iyo inogara ichida zvikuru kune vateereri ve magazini yedu.
Musika weti mbatatisi uchagadziriswa sei? Kuchave nemapurojekiti matsva here? Ndedzipi shanduko dzekutarisira muindasitiri mushure mehosha? Iyi mibvunzo inobata vaverengi vazhinji. Kuti uwane mhinduro, takatendeukira kuna Oleg Radin, Mutungamiriri Sangano reRussia vanogadzira starch uye syrup indasitiri Roskrakhmalpatoka.
Potato starch: yakagadzikana kudikanwa uye kugadzirwa
Kugadzirwa. Makambani mashoma chete nhasi anogadzira mbatatata yekubika muRussia: Poretsky Starch OJSC (Republic of Chuvashia), Chuvashenkrakhmal LLC (Chuvashia Republic), Mglinsky Starch Plant LLC (Bryansk Dunhu), Pleshcheevsky Starch Plant (Oryol Dunhu), Syrya, Syrya starch chirimwa (Nizhny Novgorod dunhu), SEC "Luck" (Penza dunhu).
Kugadzirwa kwacho kunove muna 2019, sekureva Sangano, kwaisvika zviuru gumi nemana nezana, izvo zvakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura nakareba (zviuru zvisere zvematani muna 11,8, zviuru zvinomwe zvematani muna 8,0) .
Nekudaro, iyi huwandu haisati yakwana kumusika wepamhepo: maererano nefungidziro dzakasiyana siyana, izvo zvinodikanwa zvemabhizinesi eRussia zvinopihwa chete ne30-50%.
Import. Chikamu chakakosha che statato starch inotengwa kunze kwenyika. Yeuka kuti mbatatisi starch mutsika inogaramo inogovera chikamu chikuru kwazvo chekunze, zvichienzaniswa neiyoyo uye gorosi. Chaizvoizvo, anouya kuRussia achibva kuDenmark, Belarus, Germany, France nePoland.
Muna 2019, Russia yakaendesa matani zviuru gumi nezvina emazana emazana emazana emamiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica mbichana muhuwandu hwemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi manna emamiriyoni emadhora 14,3 zviuru zvematani matani pane iyo yakafanana mwaka we 12,3). Kuderera kweiyo chikamu chekupinza kunogona kuve kwakakodzera, semuenzaniso, shanduko mukuumbwa kwezvinhu zvevatengi zvigadzirwa uye shanduko kune yakagadziridzwa manhokwe.
Mugore rinouya, hatisi kunyora makadhi shanduko mune ino nzira. Kwechikamu chekutanga cha2020, zviuru zviviri zvematani ematani embatata akaiswa muRussia.
Nechinangwa, huwandu hwechibatata hwekunhuwa nyika yedu uchibva kune dzimwe nyika hauna kukura zvakanyanya: zvaizokwanisika kune rimwe bhizimusi rechimanje (rine hunyanzvi hwekugadziridza matani chiuru / zuva) kuritsiva kupfuura 1000%. Asi panguva ino, iyo Association haina ruzivo nezve zvirongwa zvekugadzira chirongwa chakadai. Pamusoro pezvo, mbatatisi dzemhando dzehunyanzvi (dziine hukomba hwakanyanya) hadzina kukura munyika, nepo mhinduro yedambudziko ichifanira kunge yakazara uye nekutanga nekudyarwa kwezvinhu zvakaomeswa zvemhando yakakodzera.
Export. Muna 2019, Russia yakaendesa matani zviuru zvitatu zvematani ezviyo zvembatatisi yemadhora mazana maviri nemakumi matanhatu emadhora. Nyika huru dzinogamuchira: Republic of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Tajikistan.
Kazhinji, huwandu hwemusika muna 2019 hwaisvika zviuru makumi maviri nezvitatu, kana makumi mashanu neshanu ezve zvinodiwa. Muna 22,2 - 53 zviuru zvematani kana 2018%, muna 28,9, zvichiteerana, 31 zviuru zvematani kana 2017%.
Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti kuda mbatatisi starch yakaramba iri panenge pakaenzana pamakore. Chikonzero chekusimuka ndeyekusasimba kwehupfumi uye kusavapo kwekukura mukugadzirwa kwechikafu kuchapesana neyekumashure. Panguva imwecheteyo, chikamu chakakosha chemusika wekubika mbatatisi-madiki- varidzi vemabhizimusi (kunyanya sepaumbowo uye chikamu chebheka), chinokurumidza kuoneka uye zvakare chinokurumidza kunyangarika.
Zvinotarisirwa mumusika wepasi rose. Mumusika wepasi rose, Mugove weanobikwa mbatatisi starch unongova 5%. Tapioca (24%) uye chibage (41%) anokunda. Mbatatisi starch chigadzirwa che niche icho chikamu chinofungidzirwa kuti chinokura ne2022% na2,6. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamiriro akajairwa haasati achinja, nekuti, sekureva kwehunyanzvi, Mugovha weiyo gosi unofanirwa kuwedzera ne1,9%, tapioca - ne3,4%, uye chibage - ne3,8%.
Zvimiro zvemusika wezvigadzirwa zve starch mu Russia
Makore mashoma apfuura munyika medu mave nekuputika kuri kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kweanobikwa starch (inoperekedzwa nedongen in imports). Izvo zvinhu zvikuru izvo zvakakurudzira maitiro aya zvinosanganisira kukwidziridzwa kwakakwira kubva papepa uye rakaora bhodhi indasitiri.
Kuwedzera kwekuda kwevatambi mune makore mashanu makore kwakabvumira iyo indasitiri kuvandudza mashandisiro ayo ezvemari. Kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi kwakakwira kusvika pa76%.
Kupesana neichi chimiro, mapurojekiti matsva akatanga kukura zvine simba, kutanga kwacho, sekutaura kwehunyanzvi, kunoenderana nekufungidzirwa kwekupera kwemadiro, pakupedzisira kuchatungamira mukuderera kwezviratidzo zvemitero kusvika 70%.
Semuenzaniso weprojekiti yakadai, yakashandiswa "kubva pakatanga", tinogona kutaura kambani LLC "NewBio" mudunhu reVolgograd. Iri bhizinesi rekunyatsodzika kwechibage chezviyo rine huwandu hwematani zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu / gore rinofanira kutanga basa munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Zvigadzirwa zvakadai sechibage germ, gluten feed, chibage gluten, maltodextrin, chibage starch zvinozivisa kusunungurwa.
Nekudaro, kutumwa kwechirongwa ichi kunobatsira kwete kungo mukuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwehumwe hweti, asi zvakare nekuwedzera kwakakura kwekugoverana kwe maltodextrin: kutumira kwechigadzirwa ichi kuchawedzera mukana nematani zviuru makumi maviri nezvishanu pagore. Uye izvi zvisinei nenyaya yekuti muna 20 kuwanikwa kwemaltodextrin kunze kwenyika kwatove kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rakazara reGulkevichsky Starch Plant LLC.
Kufananidza musika weRussia we starch uye syrup zvigadzirwa, mumwe haakwanisi kuona asi akatsiga (mumakore mashanu apfuura) kuderera kwekudiwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzemanyoka uye manyuchi anokonzerwa nekuwanda uye mutengo wakaderera weshuga muRussia. Iyi indasitiri iri kuyedza kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekungenisa nekutsiva kunze.
Fructose syrups yakapa imwe nhanho mukudonha kwekufarira mhando iyi yechigadzirwa muna 2019. Ziva kuti kusvika muna 2018, kushandiswa kwesimba kwemabhizinesi emabasa ekugadzirwa kwerudzi urwu chigadzirwa kwange kwangochinja uye kumira pa80%. Nekudaro, muna 2019, zvine chekuita nekutanga kwechirimwa chitsva mudunhu reKaluga, masimba ekuremekedza akawedzera, ayo akawedzera huwandu hwezvigadzirwa pamusika uye wakanganisa mitengo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwekugadzira huwandu hwakaderera mukati megore (akamira pamatanho ezviuru gumi nemashanu nezana nemakumi manomwe neshanu). Zvinotarisirwa kuti mamiriro aya ezvinhu aenderere mberi kweanoda imwe makore maviri.
Mashoko mashoma anofanirwa kutaurwa nezvemusika wezvigadzirwa zvakasarudzika (modified starches, maltodextrin, dextrose, sorbitol, crystalline fructose, pectin). Mumakore achangopfuura, hunyowani hutsva hwekugadzira mhando dzezvigadzirwa idzi zvakaonekwa munyika medu. Uye nhasi tinogona kupedzisa kuti kugadzirwa kwemavhoriyamu kunonyatso zadza zvido zvevatengi veRussia (kudikanwa kwegore rega kwese kwese zvigadzirwa hakupfuuri mazana maviri ezviuru zvematani nekukura kushoma)
Saka, kugadzirwa kwesisitiri yakagadziridzwa, sezviri pachena, kwasvika pakakwirira panguva iyoyo, kusvika pamatani zviuru makumi mashanu. Ehe, kuratidza mafungiro akadai, zvinodikanwa kusimbisa kuti chikafu chinogadziriswa chikafu chinowanikwa chikamu. Izvo zvinosiyana zviri zviviri munzira dzekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwekupedzisira, uye mune mhando yezvinhu zvisiri izvo zvinogadzirwa kubva kwavari. Asi pane zvese, ichi chitsva uye chemhando dzakawanda dzechigadzirwa. Zvichibva pane izvi, tinofanirwa kubvuma kuti hazvina hupfumi kuita mari yakakwana yekugadzira mimwe mhando dzenzara dzakagadziriswa nekuda kwekushomeka. Kuendesa kunze zvigadzirwa izvi zvakare kwakaomarara, sezvo misika yekune dzimwe nyika inogarwa nevanogadzira tsika.
Mapurojekiti akadai akaoma zvikuru kuita, ane nguva dzisingabhadharwe dzekudzorera, izvo zvinoderedza mukana nekukwezva kwekudyara muindastiri.
Zvirwere zvemhedzisiro
Mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzerwa nedenda aya anokanganisa mamiriro emamiriro ekunze uye manyuchi indasitiri munyika.
Mabhizinesi ekugadzirisa zviyo akambosangana nematambudziko, nekuti mhando iyi yezvinhu zvakasviba (kunyanya gorosi) iri kukura zvakanyanya mumutengo, kunyangwe matanho akatorwa nehurumende.
Zvinetso nekutengeswa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakapera zvichafanirwa kugadziriswa nemafekitori ayo avakapa zvigadzirwa zvavo nezvezvinodiwa zveHoReCa chikamu.
Kukanganisika mukupihwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa nekuda kwekuvharwa kwemiganhu yematunhu kunoonekwa kune vagadziri vasina dzimba dzekuchengetera avo uye vanotenga zvigadzirwa zvidiki muzvikamu zvidiki kuti zviitwe chaizvo.
Muzhinji, kana tikataura nezvehunhu hwe2020, maererano nemakambani akabatanidzwa muImba, chikamu chekutanga chakaratidza zvisingaenzaniswi mhinduro: kudiwa kwechigadzirwa che starch kwenguva yakati kwakapfuura kugoverwa, asi mamiriro acho akachinja. Kuvhara kwechinguvana kwekugadzirwa kwakatungamira kumatambudziko kumabhizinesi emabhizinesi, vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zve starch vakatanga kunyunyuta nezvekunonoka kubhadhara.
Izvo zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti mune zvazvino mamiriro, mune pfupi nguva, avo vatengesi vanozogona kupa vatengi nekubvisirwa kubhadhara kunobatsira. Munguva pfupi iri kutevera, isu tinotarisira kudzikira kwekushandiswa, asi senti, zvichiri kuoma kuverenga.
Mamiriro ezvinhu epasi
International starch uye HFS nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti chirwere chekoronavirus chichava nemhedzisiro uye chakakosha pachigadzirwa chekudya pasi rese. Asi mhedzisiro yemakona akasiyana epasi ichave akasiyana.
Nyika dzeEU. Munyika dzakaita seFrance, Germany neSwitzerland, uko iyo agri-chikafu chakakosha chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi, dambudziko harizotungamire kuchinja kukuru. Nyika idzi hadzitsamire kunze kwezvakawanda zvezvigadzirwa zvekurima; nekudaro, hapana matambudziko mukudya ipapo. Nekuda kweizvi, zvaive nyore kuti hurumende dzekuEurope dzitendese vagari kuti vatendeukire kunoshanda kure, izvo zvakabatsira kudzikisira kupararira kwehutachiona.
Nyika dzeAsia. Pane kusapindirana, huwandu hwenyika dzakaita seSingapore (panowanikwa zvekurima kubva kunze kwenyika) hwakanyanya kunetseka nekutyisa kwenzara. Ini ndinofunga kuti mushure mechinetso chiripo, nyika dzese dzicharwira rusununguko rwezvikafu-zera. Chekutanga, inowedzera kuzviriritira kwenyika dzekurima dzenyika panguva yekushomeka kwemaketeni, uye kechipiri, inowedzera mikana yekuendesa kunze panguva yekuwedzeredza kwemusika wepamhepo.
Munharaunda ye ASEAN, nyika dzine madiki madiki ezvekudya-zvekudya (semuPhilippines, Laos, neCambodia) anogona kuwedzera zvirimwa nekuyedza kukunda chikamu chemusika muVietnam, Thailand, neIndonesia. Zvichida izvi zvichatungamira mukuwedzera kwezvinhu zvemunharaunda zve tapioca uye starch. Nekudaro, zvinogoneka kuti Vietnam, Thailand neIndonesia dzizoitawo basa rekuwedzera misika yekutengesa. Nyika idzi parizvino dziri kutengesa mamwe eaya adzo tapioca starch kuChina, uko icho chigadzirwa chiri kuchinjirwa mabasa anehunyanzvi. Zvichida iyi kukosha kwakawedzerwa kuchashandiswa kugadzira zvivakwa zvitsva mudunhu re ASEAN. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kunge iri kuderera mukukwezva kweanodhura starch uye zvigadzirwa zve starch kubva kune vagadziri veEurope yekutengesa kune dzimwe nyika dzeAsEAN nyika.
USA. United States panguva yeKutambudzika kwezvakawanda yakaratidzira kushanda kwakapetana kwecheni yekutengesa, iyo inoratidza danho rakakwira rekusimudzira indasitiri yekurima. Nekudaro, mudunhu reCalifornia muna Kurume wegore rino huwandu hwakawedzera hwekutengesa kwezvakagadzirwa zvekudya zvakanyorwa. Senge kumwewo, kukura kwekudiwa kwakabatana nechishuwo chevatengi chekuita matura yenguva yekuzvitsaura. Asi pakanga pasina kushomeka kwezvinhu muzvitoro zveAmerica - zvakasiyana neEurope, uye kunyanya yeAsia. Vamwe vagadziri vakashanda kutenderera nguva kuti vasangane nezvikwereti zvevatengi zviri kukura.
Nyika mushure me coronavirus. Masika maitiro
Ini ndinofunga vanhu vazhinji vakatarisisa nyaya yekuti panguva yekugadzikiswa vagari vakapedza nguva yakawanda vachigadzira chikafu kumba. Zvine musoro kuti kubvira pakati paKurume mukutengesa mukaka, hupfu, mazai uye zvigadzirwa zvakabikwa zvekubheka muEuropean neUnited States zvakakura zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinogoneka kuti mushure mekurambwa kwehumwe hutongi, kufarira kwevanhu pakubika kumba (kusanganisira kubva kuma semi-apera zvigadzirwa) kunoenderera.
Vagadziri venyeredzi dzakagadziridzwa uye starch zvigadzirwa vachada kutora maitiro aya kuti vazeye mafomu ezvigadzirwa zvavo kuti ape zvigadzirwa zvakaperera zvine mutsva zvinoshanda.
Zvakare, kushandiswa kwepasi rese kwekudya kwechando uye zvigadzirwa zvine hupenyu hwakareba chesherufu zviri kukura. Naizvozvo, vagadziri vane chishandiso chekuwedzera mutsara wechigadzirwa, pavachazoda manenji ane hunyanzvi hwekuita, kusanganisira mbatata starch.
Mumwe maitiro ane hukama nezvakanaka zvekudya zvine hutano. Mushure mekutambudzika muU.SA, Europe neAsia, kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa “zvine hutano” zvinotarisirwa, kunyanya izvo zvinobatsira kusimbisa immune. Chishuwo ichi chinonyanya kuoneka muUSA, nekuti mabasa ekurapa munyika ino anodhura, uye zororo rekurwara kazhinji haridzorerwe nehurumende kana neiye mushandirwi.
Uye mamwe mashoma mamwe mazwi pamusoro pekupa maketeni. Munguva yedenda re coronavirus, vamwe chikafu uye vagadziri vechinwiwa vakatarisana nekushomeka kwezvakabatanidzwa. Kuti udzivise mamiriro akafanana mune ramangwana, ivo vanogona kuverengera kusiana kwezvinhu nekuwedzera rondedzero yevanopa. Chimwe chinogona kuitika mumamiriro ekushomeka kwezvinhu zvakaomeswa zvingave kushandiswa kwemitemo inochinja-chinja yekuraja zvinongedzo panzvimbo yavo. Izvi zvaizobvumira mabhizinesi kuti akurumidze kuchinja pakati pezvinobva zvinogadzirwa ne starch nezvinangwa zvavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvingangoitika kuti vanopa zvigadzirwa zve starch uye starch zvigadzirwa zvinowedzera huwandu hwazvo hwematunhu mumatunhu epasi, pamwe nekuwedzera huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasviba kuti zvipe chikafu nevagadziri vechinwiwa neaya akasiyana eresheni yekutengesa. Muchokwadi, dambudziko riripo reCovid-19 richachinja huwandu hwepasi rose hwezvigadzirwa nezvinogadzirwa, asi zvakawoma kufungidzira kuti munhu wese achapinda munharaunda itsva sei.
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