Mumwaka wekurima wa2022, nzvimbo iri pasi peshuga beet yakaramba yakangofanana nemuna 2021, ichikura, sekureva kwaRossstat, ne2% chete. Mamiriro ekunze munzvimbo zhinji dzinorimwa midzi anofarira kukura kwacho. Kuchengetedza mbesa dzeshuga kubva kuzvirwere, kambani yaNyamavhuvhu yakapa varimi huwandu hwakawedzerwa hwemishonga yakabudirira kupasa bvunzo, zvinobudirira kubata nezvirwere uye kubatsira kuwedzera goho.
Zvirwere zvikuru zveshuga beet tsika zvinosanganisira phomosis, fusarium, ramularia, alternaria, powdery mildew, uye cercospora. Zvisinei, muRussia nhasi zvirwere zvakajairika uye zvinokuvadza ndeye cercospora uye powdery mildew. Zvirwere izvi zvinoderedza goho, zvinoderedza shuga yemidzi yezvirimwa uye kukanganisa kukwanisa kwadzo kuchengetedza.
Iyo causative agent ye powdery mildew inokura chete pachirimwa chipenyu. White plaque, iyo huru yekunze chiratidzo chechirwere, inosanganisira mycelium yefungus inokonzera chirwere, spore-inobereka inobuda pairi uye spores yekubereka kweasexual - conidia, iyo inopa zvizvarwa zvakawanda mumwaka uye inotapukira zvirimwa zvitsva. Howa inochengetedzwa pazvisaririra zvezvirimwa, mhodzi, nemidzi yezvirimwa zvakasara mumunda kubva gore rapfuura. Kuti urwise chirwere ichi, zvakakosha kutevera maitiro ekurima, asi nehupamhi hwekukuvadza, fungicide kurapwa ndiyo chete inovimbika kugadzirisa.
Cercospora blight haikanganisi shuga beet chete, asiwo zvimwe zvirimwa zvakawanda nemasora. Inoratidzika pamashizha nenzira yemavara matsvuku akatenderera ane muganhu mutsvuku kana mutsvuku. The pathogen overwinters se mycelium pamusoro pekare, pa pericarp yembeu, uye mu uterine midzi. Chirwere ichi chinokura zvakanyanya mumakore nekuchinjana kuoma, kupisa uye kudziya zvine mwero, kune hunyoro mamiriro ekunze. Kutenderera kwezvirimwa kunobata basa rakakosha mukutonga kwe cercospora blight, asi nekuda kwehuwandu hwemiti yemiti yefungus, kushandiswa kwefungicides kazhinji hakugoneki.
“Zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze emwaka, chimwe chezvirwere zviviri izvi chinowanzouya. Varimi vane matambudziko akafanana, mumwe angati, akarongwa. Mamwe mapurazi ari kutoita zvekutanga zvekudzivirira fungicidal mishonga mwaka uno. Kumaodzanyemba (kuKrasnodar uye mudunhu reStavropol) vanocherekedza kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekushandiswa kwefungicides uye kudzikiswa kwepakati pakati pekurapa; kazhinji kazhinji vanofanirwa kushandisa mushonga wechitatu wefungicidal, anodaro Vladimir Peshekhonov, nyanzvi inotungamira mukurapa. Dhipatimendi rekuvandudza zvigadzirwa reJSC Firm "Nyamavhuvhu" mudunhu reCentral Black Earth.
Kwemakore akawanda, varimi vebeet vave vachishandisa gadziriro dzakadaro kubva kukambani yaAugust seRayok, Benorad, Credo, uye Kolosal Pro kurwisa zvirwere zvemidzi. Zvisinei, mumakore achangopfuura, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira shuga hwakawedzera nekuda kwekuiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvichibva kune zvitsva, kunyange zvinonyanya kushanda zvinoshandiswa - semuenzaniso, epoxiconazole uye tetraconazole kubva mukirasi ye thiazoles. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinosanganiswa mukugadzirira "Hecate" (difenoconazole + tetraconazole), "Rakurs" (epoxiconazole + cyproconazole) uye "Mweya" (azoxystrobin + epoxiconazole). Kubva pa azoxystrobin, "Nyamavhuvhu" inogadzirawo fungicide "Baliy" (propiconazole + azoxystrobin).
"Mashoko mashoma nezve azoxystrobin: yakaramba iri mune waxy layer yeshizha, inodzivirira zvirimwa kubva kune itsva spores yefungal pathogens. Uye pamwe chete ne triazoles, inogona kumisa utachiona hwagara huri kukura uye kumisa sporulation kana pane kumanikidzwa kunonoka mukurapa, "anodaro Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Mushonga wefungi "Tirada" (thiram + difenoconazole) wakaratidzawo vimbiso yawo. Thiram inopa yakasimba yekubata kubata kurwisa pathogenic fungi uye mabhakitiriya. Iyo inonyanya kushanda yekudzivirira kurapa nemushonga uyu ndeyekudzivirira kubva kune spores inomera pamusoro peshizha.
Kuedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva kwave kuenderera kwemakore akati wandei: semuenzaniso, mukuyedza kuAll-Russian Research Institute yeShuga Beet uye Shuga yakatumidzwa zita reA.L. Mazlumov munharaunda yeVoronezh, yakaitwa muna 2017-2019. Fungicides "Gekata", "Spirit", "Baliy" uye "Tirada" yakaratidza hunyanzvi hwepamusoro kana ichienzaniswa nezvirongwa zvechinyakare - kushandiswa kwavo kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera goho reshuga beet nematani 4-5 pahekita, pamwe nekuwedzera shuga yemukati mumidzi yezvirimwa ne 0,5. 2-XNUMX%.
"Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma panguva yekukura, zvibereko zvakanakisisa zvakawanikwa pakushandisa "Baliya", 0,8 l / ha uye "Mweya", 0,7 l / ha. Mugore remvura, "Hekate" yakava yakanyanya kushanda kurwisa cercospora, 0,8 l/ha. "Baliy", "Mweya" uye "Hekate" yakaderedza kupararira uye kukura kwe cercospora blight nekanenge ka2, powdery mildew ne 4-5 nguva kana zvichienzaniswa nekutonga pasina kurapwa," inopfupisa Vladimir Peshekhonov.
Nyanzvi dzeAugusta dzinokurudzira kushandisa fungicides pamusoro apa neAllure kana Polyphem adjuvants kuitira kuti mushonga wemishonga upararire zviri nani pamusoro peshizha, unonyatsogadziriswa pairi uye unotanga kuita pathogen nokukurumidza.