Muna 2021, inishuwarenzi yezvekurima muRussia ichagamuchira hwedzero yakawandisa yemitemo ichaita kuti zvikwanise kuona mashandiro ayo senzira huru yekubhadhara kurasikirwa kwekurima kwakaitika nekuda kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzega. Tarisiro nematambudziko ane chekuita neshanduko yakarongwa, pamwe nezvakabuda muinishuwarenzi yezvekurima mu2020, zvakakurukurwa nevamiriri veFederation Council, Ministry of Agriculture uye Ministry of Finance yeRussian Federation, Bhanga reRussia ne inishuwarenzi nharaunda pamusangano nevatori venhau, iyo yakaitika panguva yesangano reNational Union yeVarimi Vanoona nezveInishuwarenzi (NSA) muMoscow.
Imwe yenyaya huru dzechiitiko ichi yaive bhiri rakagadzirirwa neboka revatevedzeri nemaseneta nekutora chikamu kweBazi rezvekurima neNational Assembly yeArmenia mukuvandudza pfungwa yayo. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinoshandurwa kumutemo pane kutsigira kwenyika kweinishuwarenzi yezvekurima zvine chinangwa chekubatanidza mashandiro einishuwarenzi yezvekurima muhurongwa hwekuchengetedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwekurima kana pakaitika njodzi yechisimba. Inopa kuwedzera kweinishuwarenzi yezvekurima system pamwe nerutsigiro rwehurumende nekuisa mukati mayo pfungwa yemutsara mutsva weinishuwarenzi - kana paine chiziviso chechimbichimbi. Bhiri iri rakagamuchirwa sehwaro neHurumende Duma mukuverenga kwekutanga munaKurume 17.
Padivi reboka revamiriri vemitemo vakanyora bhiri, mukuru weAgrarian Committee weFederal Council Aleksey Mayorov akataura, uyo akaona kuti kudzoreredzwa kweinishuwarenzi yezvekurima ibasa rakagadzwa nePresidium yeKanzuru ye Vanodzika mutemo mu2018 uye vari mukutarisa kweKomiti nguva dzose kutarisisa. Dare, pamwe neNSA, pamwe nekutora chikamu kweHurumende Yezvekurima uye Bhanga reRussia, vakaita basa rakakura kuti vadzidze mamiriro acho mumatunhu ese emunyika. Misangano misere yedunhu yakarongedzwa nekutora chikamu kwemashumiro ematunhu ezvekurima uye vezvematongerwo enyika, ayo akafukidza angangoita ese masangano eRussia Federation. "Nhaurirano iyi yakaratidza kufarira kukuru kwenzanga yezvekurima pamwe nematare anotonga emubatanidzwa wemaagro-maindasitiri enzvimbo dzemubatanidzwa weFederation musangano weinishuwarenzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, matambudziko akati wandei akange aripo, ”akadaro seneta. "Chikumbiro chakazara kubva kumatunhu chakaratidza kudiwa kwekuwedzera kufukidzwa kweinishuwarenzi, kurerutsa mamiriro einishuwarenzi kuvarimi zvese maererano nekupedzisa zvibvumirano nekuwana mari yeinishuwarenzi, kuwedzera kuwanikwa kweinishuwarenzi," akasimbisa Alexey Mayorov, uyo akaona kuti zvakawanikwa dzakashandiswa pakushanda pamutemo weinishuwarenzi yenjodzi yekukurumidzira.
Sangano rakananga rehurumende rinotsigira inishuwarenzi kuchengetedzwa padanho remubatanidzwa riri pasi pehutongi hwebazi rezvekurima reRussia, vane chinzvimbo chakapihwa pachiitiko chevatori venhau neMutevedzeri wegurukota Elena Fastova. Akaona kukosha kwebasa rekuwedzera inishuwarenzi yeiyo agro-indasitiri yakaoma, iyo, kunyangwe paine matambudziko, yakaratidza kuti yakamira "yakamira nemakumbo". Elena Fastova akacherekedza kuti muna 2021 hushumiri hwakapetapeta muganho wemari yekutsigira nyika yakapihwa inishuwarenzi yezvekurima - kubva pamabhirioni 2 egore rapfuura kusvika pamabhirioni e2,2. Mari idzi dzakatogoverwa nekuunzwa kumatunhu.
Bazi rezvekurima rinoona inishuwarenzi yekurima seimwe yezvakakosha, ichibvumidza kubvisa dzimwe njodzi kwete chete kubva kumugadziri wezvekurima, asiwo kubva kuhurumende. Elena Fastova akacherekedza kuti muinishuwarenzi yekuchengeta mhuka muRussia chiratidzo chakakosha chekuvharidzirwa kweinishuwarenzi padanho re28% chave chaitika - anenge mamirioni masere emisoro ine mvumo inopihwa nemitemo, nepo kune matunhu mune anopfuura makumi mashanu muzana ezvipfuyo. vane inishuwarenzi. Inishuwarenzi yekutengesa aquaculture yakatanga muna 8 - anenge zviuru zviviri zvematani ehove zvakapihwa inishuwarenzi, muna 50 nhamba iyi yakanga yatopfuura katatu. Sekureva kwezvakafungidzirwa nebazi, muna 2020, huwandu hweinishuwarenzi huchave husingasvike 2% yenzvimbo yakadyarwa, uye panosvika 2021, inishuwarenzi inofungidzirwa ku3%. Kuvandudzwa kweinishuwarenzi yezvirimwa kunofanirwa kuve nekurerukirwa nekuunzwa kweinishuwarenzi kupokana nenjodzi yekukurumidzira.
Bhanga reRussia, semutongi wemusika weinishuwarenzi, rinokoshesawo zvikuru inishuwarenzi yezvekurima, kusanganisira inishuwarenzi yekurima nerutsigiro rwehurumende, `` akadaro Olga Shelepneva, mukuru weDhipatimendi reMusika weInishuwarenzi weCentral Bank. . "Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nenyaya yekuti agro-indasitiri yedu indasitiri yakakosha zvine hungwaru - uye indasitiri inokonzereswa nenjodzi dzemamiriro ekunze, zvisina mumwe. Inishuwarenzi ndiyo nzira huru yekudzivirira, ”akadaro. Olga Shelepneva akatsanangura kuti kubva pakuona kwemutengi-agrarian, maitiro ekuvhara inishuwarenzi anoenderana nezvinhu zviviri: kuvimbika kwemakambani einishuwarenzi uye kukwezva kwemamiriro. “Shanduko dzakaitika kanopfuura gore nehafu dzakapfuura dzakaratidza kuti kana mutemo uchichinjika uye nenzira inokodzera inopindura zvido zvevachengeti vemitemo, zvino izvi zvinobatsira indasitiri kuti iyi kana iyo mhando yeinishuwarenzi inofungidzirwa kuchengetedza, kwatiri, inishuwarenzi yezvekurima. Naizvozvo, isu tiri kushingairira kushanda pabhiri, iyo yava muHurumende Duma. " "Kune varimi, kubva pakuona kwedu, ichi chinofanira kunge chiri chigadzirwa chinonakidza," Olga Shelepneva akaongorora chikumbiro chekuunza inishuwarenzi yechimbichimbi.
Achipa chinzvimbo chehushumiri hwake, Roman Tochilin, Mutevedzeri Director weDhipatimendi Rezvemari Bazi rezveMari reRussian Federation, yakadaidza iri kuuya inishuwarenzi yezvekurima bhiri "yakakosha zvakanyanya kubva munharaunda nenzvimbo nemaonero" pamwe nehunyanzvi mune munda weinishuwarenzi yekumba kupokana nedambudziko. "Tinonzwisisa zvakakwana nguva dzese dzakatarisana nevanyori vechirongwa ichi, uye tichaedza nepatinogona napo kuti bhiri ribude nekukasira," akadaro mumiriri webazi rezveMari.
Muna 2020, inishuwarenzi yezvekurima nerutsigiro rwehurumende yakava chikamu chinokurumidza kukura pamusika weinishuwarenzi muRussia: huwandu hwayo hwakakura ne54% pamusoro pegore, iyo yakave rekodhi yakazara mugore iro musika wese wakawedzera ne4%, Mutungamiriri weNSA Korney Bizhdov akadaro mukutaura kwake. Pakati pese, chikamu cheinishuwarenzi chine njodzi pakurima maererano nemari yeinishuwarenzi yemabhirioni e8,1 emabhiriyoni nhasi ino fananidzwa nechikamu cheinishuwarenzi yegungwa. Korney Bizhdov akasimbisa kuti iyo NSA yatove yekutanga kugadzirira kuzadzikiswa kwezvitsva painishuwarenzi yenjodzi yekukurumidzira: kana bhiri iri rikatambirwa muhafu yekutanga yegore, kuvhurwa kwenzira nyowani yeinishuwarenzi yezvekurima nerutsigiro rwehurumende yakarongerwa matsutso, panguva yechando inishuwarenzi yekudyara nguva. Mune ino kesi, muna 2022, maitiro ekugadzirisa kurasikirwa mukukurumidzira achaitwa mukuita, uye muna 2023-2024 zvichakwanisika kuzivisa zvakanyanya gwara nyowani, Mutungamiriri weNSA akatsanangura.
Kuongororwa kwemaitiro muinishuwarenzi yezvekurima uye maitiro einishuwarenzi indasitiri kune tarisiro yezvinhu zvitsva zvakaunzwa kumusangano wezvenhau nevatungamiriri vepamusoro nevatungamiriri venzvimbo dzemakambani ari eNSA, JSC AlfaStrakhovanie, PJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, JSC IC RSHB-Inishuwarenzi.
"Munguva yebasa reUnited Association yeInishuwarenzi yeAgroindustrial Complex, 2020 yakaratidzirwa nemubhadharo mukurusa," akadaro Sergey Prostatin, General Director weJSC IC RSHB-Inishuwarenzi. - Pasi pezvibvumirano zveinishuwarenzi nerutsigiro rwehurumende, mabhiriyoni maviri nemazana mana emabhuru akabhadharwa mu2020, ino yakapetwa ka2,3 pane kubhadhara mu4. Mamiriro ezvinhu kumatunhu akakosha ekurima kwenyika akataridza kuti kunyange mune yakanyanya matunhu, akanaka kubva pakuona kwemamiriro ekunze, anogona kusangana nemamiriro ekunze asina kunaka, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Uye, kune rimwe divi, akaratidzira kuti inishuwarenzi nharaunda inogadzirisa sei matambudziko aya, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kweyekugadzira nzira yevarimi vekurima. Isu tinoona maitiro ekukura kufarira muinishuwarenzi kune varimi. Muenzaniso unokatyamadza iStavropol Territory. Munharaunda ino, mushure mekurasikirwa kwakakura kwezvirimwa uye kubhadhara kubva kumakambani einishuwarenzi muhuwandu hwemabhiriyoni 2019 emaoruble (sekureva kweNSA), huwandu hweinishuwarenzi muna1,5 hwakawedzera neanopfuura katatu nguva. "
Tatyana Lavrova, Mutevedzeri Wedare reKambani Bhizinesi kuAlfaStrakhovanie JSC, akacherekedza kuti kune maitiro muinishuwarenzi yemhuka ine chekuita nekuwanda kwenjodzi. Kunyanya, vagadziri venguruve vapamba vakapinda muTOP-5 yevagadziri venyika - zvipfuyo zviri kukura zvakanyanya, uye panguva imwechete kuwanda kwemapurazi enguruve kuri kuwedzera, huwandu hweinishuwarenzi huwandu huri kukura. “Kubva pakuona kweinishuwarenzi, izvi zvinoreva kuti mari yakawanda inishuwarenzi inoiswa panzvimbo imwechete, nekudaro kurasikirwa kumwe kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa. Uye aya ndiwo maitiro akakosha atinoona muinishuwarenzi yemhuka. Nekuti yakawanda yenjodzi ingozi dzakabatana nezvirwere zvinotapukira zvine njodzi, ”akatsanangura mumiriri weinishuwarenzi. Sekutevera kubva kune yakataurwa data, pamusoro pemakore matatu apfuura, kambani "AlfaStrakhovanie" pagore inoita kugadziriswa kwekurasikirwa nezvirwere zvinotapukira zvezvipfuyo, muhuwandu hunopfuura mamirioni zana rubles. Rondedzero yezvirwere haina kuganhurirwa kumatambudziko eASF uye avian furuwenza: pakupera kwegore ra3, angangoita mamirioni makumi masere emabhurusi akange aine inishuwarenzi mukambani ino yekurasikirwa nerufu rwemombe.
Sekureva kwaDmitry Romani, Musoro weDhipatimendi Rekunyorera rePJSC IC Rosgosstrakh, kune veinishuwarenzi "zvakakosha zvikuru kusimudzira tsika yekutsigira varimi vane inishuwarenzi kumatunhu". Mukufunga kwake, "kukosha kwemutemo pane zvekukurumidzira ikozvino kwanyanya kwazvo, uye rutsigiro rwuri kudikanwa pano, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuitira kuti (...) huwandu hwenzvimbo dzakabatana panguva imwe chetejojo pachirongwa ichi" - izvi zvinobvumidza, kunyanya, kudzivisa anti-kusarudzwa kwenjodzi. Rosgosstrakh mumunda weinishuwarenzi yezvekurima mu2020 yakawedzera kuvepo kwayo mumatunhu akapetwa kaviri kana achienzaniswa ne2019. "Tinoramba tichitsvaga nzvimbo dzekupinda uye nzvimbo dzekukura mumatunhu matsva," akadaro mumiriri weRosgosstrakh.
"Mabasa akatarisana neinishuwarenzi yezvekurima akakura kwazvo," anodaro Mutungamiri weNational Insurance Agency Korney Bizhdov. - Sekureva kweUN World Food Organisation, pamusoro pehafu yezana yapfuura, huwandu hwepakati penjodzi dzinongoitika dzegorega dzinokanganisa kurima dzakawedzera kakati wandei pasirese. "Varimi veRussia vari kumanikidzwa nemaitiro mamwe chete, uye basa renharaunda yeinishuwarenzi kugadzira nzira inoshanda uye yakagadzikana mukubatana nenyika kuti vatsigire kugadzikana kwenzvimbo dzemagineti kwemakore anotevera."
Chiitiko chevatori venhau "Mhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kweinishuwarenzi yezvekurima mu2020. Tarisiro yekusimudzirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemari kweiyo agro-maindasitiri akaoma eRussia zvine chekuita neshanduko mumutemo" yakaitwa nekutora mukana kweanotungamira bhizinesi, vezvematongerwo enyika neveindasitiri venhau . Vanopfuura makumi mashanu vevatori vechikamu kubva kumatunhu - vatapi venhau uye nyanzvi kubva kugrig-maindasitiri - akabatana nhepfenyuro yepamhepo. Chiitiko ichi chakaongororwa naDmitry Rylko, Director General weInstitute for Agrarian Market Study.
Zvinoenderana neFederal Law No. 260-F3 "PaHurumende Tsigiro muMunda weInishuwarenzi Yezvekurima", muRussia, mukati mehurongwa hwehurongwa hwepakati, rutsigiro rwehurumende rwunopihwa inishuwarenzi yenjodzi mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, kurima kwezvipfuyo uye kushambadzira kwemakungwa. Kubva muna Ndira 1, 2016, imwe chete-yeRussia mubatanidzwa, iyo National Union yeVarimi Inishuwarenzi, yanga ichishanda pamusika weinishuwarenzi musika nerutsigiro rwehurumende. Makambani einishuwarenzi chete - nhengo dzemubatanidzwa ndivo vane mvumo yekupedzisa zvibvumirano zveinishuwarenzi nerutsigiro rwehurumende; inishuwarenzi inoitwa pachishandiswa yunifomu mitemo yakajairwa yechirongwa cheinishuwarenzi chimwe nechimwe.