Nzvimbo yenyika republic: 25 679 km2.
Vagari: 1 506 446 vanhu, vacho 78,98% vagari veguta.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo: dunhu iri riri pakati peEast European Plain. Border: kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva - nedunhu reLipetsk, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero - nedunhu reOryol, kumadokero uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero - nedunhu reKaluga, kuchamhembe nekuchamhembe - kumabvazuva - nedunhu reMoscow, kumabvazuva - nharaunda yeRyazan ...
Mamiriro ekunze: zvine mwero kondinendi, inoratidzwa nechando chakati kuti chando uye kudziya kwezhizha. Avhareji tembiricha yegore inotangira kubva pa4 kusvika +5 madhigirii. Ivhareji tembiricha muna Ndira inobva -9 kusvika -12 madhigirii, muna Chikunguru kubva +18 kusvika +22 degrees. Nguva yenguva ine tembiricha yakanaka mazuva 220-225. Kunaya kunopatsanurwa zvisina kukwana mukati medunhu. Mazhinji acho ari kumatunhu ekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero (575 mm), iwo madiki - kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva (470 mm). Chete chetatu chemvura zhinji mudunhu iri chakanyorwa mumwedzi yezhizha, kunyanya muna Chikunguru. Munguva isina chando, 70% yemvura yekunaya yegore negore inodonha. Pakazopera mwaka wechando ukobvu hwechando butiro hunosvika 0,3-0,7 m, ivhu rinotonhora kusvika pakadzika 0,6-0,9 m.
Runyararo: runyararo uye nerunyararo. Mafomu epamusoro epasi pano mapani orwizi uye hova dzemvura.
Ivhu: soddy-podzolic kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, grey sango ivhu riri muchikamu chepakati, yakashatiswa uye yakasvetuka chernozems kumaodzanyemba.
Ivhu rekurima: 1740 zviuru mahekiti kana makumi manomwe neshanu muzana ezere renzvimbo. Pasi panogona kuwanikwa zviuru gumi nezvisere nemakumi mashanu nenhatu (68% yemapurazi).
Iyo magazini "Potato System" yakatotaura nezve budiriro ye mbatatisi inokura mudunhu reTula, asi yakadzoka muna2009. Takabva tanyora nezve kumutsidzirwa kwemaindasitiri mudunhu. Nhasi, Tula nharaunda ine chivimbo pakati pevatungamiriri mukugadzira mbatatisi muRussia, mapurazi makuru eTula anotora mitsara inotungamira maererano nekukohwa kwakanyanya uye gohwo, uye tine chokwadi chekuti ruzivo rwavo runonakidza kune vese varimi vekuRussia mbatatisi.
Kukura kwembatatisi ndeimwe yenzira huru dzekukura kwemiti mudunhu reTula, kukura kwayo kunoitiswa nekutakurwa padyo neguta, mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu mamiriro.
Zvigadzirwa zvakasimwa paminda yeTula zvakagara zvichidikanwa kwete kuMoscow chete, asiwo nemamwe matunhu emunyika. Asi perestroika nguva dzakagadzirisa hurongwa hwevagadziri vekurima veTula: nharaunda yakaderedzwa gore rimwe nerimwe, tekinoroji yekudyara yakatsemurwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhedzisiro yakatsvaira pasi. Pakati pevazhinji vanogadzira kwenguva yakareba vakasara mapurazi akazvimirira uye vagari vepazhizha.
Asi mumakore mashoma apfuura, Mamiriro ezvinhu muindasitiri yemaziroti akachinja zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo iri pasi pemapoto yakawedzera kusvika kumahekita zviuru makumi mashanu, nepo migove yemasangano ezvekurima nevarimi (varimi) dzimba dzichiwedzera zvakanyanya. Nhasi, nzvimbo iri pasi pebatatisi muchikamu ichi chemapurazi yasvika kusvika zviuru makumi maviri mahekita. Panguva imwecheteyo, anopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvina cheminda yemadhamu akaiswa zvirimwa zvemazuva ano zvekudyara, matekinoroji ekudyara anovandudzwa, uye mapurazi edunhu anoshanda mukurima mbatatisi yembeu akasimba.
Muna 2015, anopfuura matani miriyoni ematatata akakohwa kubva kuminda yeTula. Nekuda kwechiratidzo ichi, dunhu reTula rakasimbisa munzvimbo yechitatu muCentral Federal District, nepo dunhu iri riri munzvimbo yekutanga maererano nekukura kwezvirimwa. Goho rembatatisi ra2015 rakanyorwa mudunhu reTula mumakore makumi maviri apfuura.
Mupiro wakakura kwazvo pazvirimwa zvese wakagadzirwa naMaxim Gorky LLC (goho rakasvika makumi mana nemakumi mana nemashanu), Kimovskiye Prostory LLC (423 kg / ha), purazi yeManuk Avetisyan (380 kg / ha), Bogoroditsky Alliance LLC (350 kg / ha).
Mamiriro okunze akashata Vagari vemuTula vanofarira mhando dzinobereka kwazvo uye hushamwari hwezviviri zvakasarudzwa uye zvinotengeswa kunze, semuDutch.
Vagadziri vematunhu makuru ekugadzira mbatatisi vane nzvimbo dzekutanga uye dzakadzika dzekugadzirisa mumapurazi avo Izvi zvinotibvumidza kupa "chingwa chechipiri" kumaketani makuru ekutengesa, akagezwa uye akarongedzwa, kugutsa zvido zvemutengi anodikanwa zvakanyanya.
Mbatatisi yeVagadziri veTula vane geography yekutengesa yakawanda. Izvo zviri kudiwa kuMosco uye mudunhu reMoscow, muKrasnodar uye Volgograd, Saratov uye Nizhny Novgorod, Tver uye Bryansk, Lipetsk naSamara, Ryazan uye St. Petersburg, Rostov uye Perm, uye mune mamwe matunhu enyika.
Mushandi mukuru wedunhu, LLC Maxim Gorky, anogadzira mbatatasi inogadzirwa kuva mbatatisi marichi. Ichi chigadzirwa chinopihwa kumatunhu akasiyana enyika, pamwe nekuBelarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, pamwe nePoland, Chile neChina.
Kana tikataura nezve rutsigiro rwenyika kuvarimi vebatatisi, ipapo ivo vanowanikwa matanho ese anopiwa kune vamwe varimi vekurima. Pakati pavo: rutsigiro rusingaenderane mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa pahekita imwe yenzvimbo yakadyarwa, muripo wechikamu chemutengo wekutenga mhodzi dzepamusoro, mubereko pamari pfupi-pfupi uye yekudyara mari, rutsigiro rweinishuwarenzi yekurima.
Uye zvakare, hurumende yematunhu yakagadzirira kugadzira nekushandisa maitiro matsva ekutsigira mapurazi ekutanga mune ino indasitiri. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti uve nemhedzisiro! Uye iye atovako. Izvo hazvina basa kuti kubudirira kwevaTula agrarians mukurima mbatatisi kwakacherechedzwa neFederal Ministry yezvekurima kuAll-Russian Agronomic Musangano, wakaitwa muna Ndira 27, 2016.
Maxim Gorky LLC
Iyo purazi yakasarudzika mukugadzira mbatatisi kweanopfuura makore gumi nemashanu. Icho chikamu cheNational Land Company.
Muna 2011, kambani yakavhura musangano wezve mbatatata. Izvo zvinowanikwa masimba zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuburitsa anenge mazana matatu ematani ezviyo pamwedzi, anenge zviuru zvinomwe zvematani pagore.
Izvo zvigadzirwa zvekurima zvinopihwa Belarus, Kazakhstan, Poland, China, Israel.
Nhasi, zviitiko zvikuru zveMaxim Gorky LLC ndezvi:
- Mbatatisi uye zviyo zvegorosi;
- Kushambidza mbatatisi uye kurongedza;
- Kugadziriswa mbatatisi.
Iyo kambani inogadzira mahekita zviuru makumi mashanu emunda (chikamu chenzvimbo yacho chiri munzvimbo dzeBryansk neKaluga), chikamu chakakosha chembatatacho chakakura uchishandisa michina yekudiridza. Iyo purazi ine huwandu hwakanyanya kukura muRussia nematani zviuru gumi nezviuru zvematani ekuchengeta mbatatisi.
KUSVIRA-KUSVIRA FARM “ZHAK” (CHITSAUKO KFH MANUK ZHULYEVICH AVETISYAN)
Iyo purazi yakavambwa muna2004. Ipapo mahekita makumi mana enzvimbo yakasimwa akagoverwa kwazviri, nhasi nzvimbo yenyika ine 40 mahekita. Nzvimbo yakakosheswa mukushanda kwehupfumi ndiko kurima mbatatisi (chikafu nembeu). Mhando huru: Gala, Impala, Zhukovsky, Colette, Natasha, Labella, Picasso, Red Scarlett, Roco, Romano, Sante, Luck.
Muna 2015, purazi iyi yakapa nzvimbo yemazuva ano yekudiridza, yakanyanya kukura mudunhu iri, ine nzvimbo yakadiridzwa yehekita 1100.
Pamusoro pembatatisi, purazi rinorima kabichi, beet, zviyo, mukaka uye nyama. Yepagore yekugadzira vhoriyamu ndeye 90 zviuru zvematani matapiri, zviuru gumi zvematani ezviyo zvirimwa, zviuru zvitanhatu zvematani emukaka, mazana maviri enyama. Iyo yekugadzira kurima inoshandisa vangangoita mazana maviri evashandi. Inenge 10% yehuwandu hwekugadzira inochengeterwa munzvimbo dzedu dzekuchengetera. Matura acho akashongedzerwa nemidziyo yemazuva ano yepamusorosoro yekugadzirwa kweEuropean, kusanganisira otomatiki kurongedza yakaoma. Iyo hombe yematafura matapiri inopihwa kune cheni zvitoro.
LLC "BOGORODITSKY ALLIANCE"
Iyo bhizinesi yakavambwa mu2008 pahwaro hwemapurazi maviri: SPK "Voskhod" uye "ivo. Lenin "uye kubva panguva iyoyo inhengo yeMalino Group yeMakambani. Nzvimbo yakadyarwa mugore rekutanga yaive 3400 ha. Kubva 2009, nerutsigiro rweMalino yekurima inobata pamwe chete nekambani yeFrito Lay Manufacturing, iyo inogadzira machipisi aLay, purazi rakadyara mahekita zana nemakumi matatu emaawa embatatisi emhando dzemhando dzinotevera: Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Hermes, Saturn. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, mbatatisi yakave chirimwa chikuru papurazi.
Muna 2011, nzvimbo yekudyara mbatatisi yakawedzera kusvika pamakumi mana nemakumi matatu ha, uye huwandu hwemhando dzakasimwa dzakawedzera.
Muna 2014, purazi iri rakazivikanwa semumwe wevatungamiriri muvashandi vekudyara mbatatisi vanokura, vachigadzira 70% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemapoteki embeu akadyarwa mudunhu reTula. Muchirimo cha2014, kambani yakapa mbatatisi yembeu kumapurovhinzi makumi matanhatu nemashanu padiki nepasi rose kubva kumaodzanyemba kusvika kuMakomo eUral.
Pakasvika 2015, mapfumbamwe mbatatisi masisitimu ane yakakwirira-tech michina yekufambisa sisitimu, mafiriji zvikamu, uye yega otomatiki dhizaini akaiswa padunhu repurazi.
Nhasi, nzvimbo yakazara yevhu inogoneka inosvika ma7000 mahekita. Iyo purazi inoshanda nekurima mbesa dzenzvimbo dzakapfava, zviyo uye mafuta embeu.
Muna 2016, purazi iri rinotarisa mukukura mbeu yechiDutch neyeGerman mbatatari: Red Scarlett, Impala, Gala, Nevsky, Vega, Molly, Picasso, Riviera, Sifra, Roco, Innovator, Hermes, Lady Claire, Newton, Lady Rosetta, Colomba nerudo.
LLC "KIMOVSKY SPACES"
Yakaumbwa muna 2007. Iyo purazi chikamu chakakamurwa cheMalino Boka reMakambani. Basa guru nderekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa. Paivhu yakachena yezvakatipoteredza, 280 km kubva kuMoscow, purazi rinogadzira gorosi nechando gorosi, malting uye chikafu chebhari, rapeseed, soya, karoti uye mbatatisi (mhando Hermes, Kushinga, Lady Claire, Lady Rosetta, Saturn). Iyo bhizinesi inorima zviuru zvitanhatu mahekita epasi.
Kunyanya kutarisisa mu "Kimovskie akavhurika nzvimbo" inopiwa kukura mbatatisi machipisi. Iyo nharaunda ye400 mahekita akagoverwa kuti ive iyo. Kune ino saiti, zvigadzirwa zvekudiridza zvinoshandiswa.
Iyo purazi ine yemazuva ano yekuchengetedza imba inokutendera iwe kuchengeta makumi masere muzana ezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa, pamwe nenzvimbo inocherwa yakarongedzwa nemitsetse yekuwacha, kupukutisa uye kurongedza karoti uye mbatatisi. Bhizinesi rinogona kutumira kusvika kumatani zana ezvigadzirwa pazuva.
Iyo yakawanda mbatatisi inogadzirwa inounzwa kuKashirsky chip fekitori yeFrito Lay Production (50%).
Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa neBazi rezvekurima mudunhu reTula