Territory: 314,4 zviuru mamaira km
Population: 1 miriyoni 47 zviuru zvevanhu
Nzvimbo: nharaunda yacho iri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwechikamu cheWestern Siberia. Inogumira paTyumen, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Kemerovo matunhu, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug uye Krasnoyarsk Territory. Chikamu cheSiberia Federal District
Mamiriro ekunze zvine mwero kondinendi. Ivhareji tembiricha muna Chikunguru ndeye + 18 C, muna Ndira -19,2 C.
Rubatsiro: yakati sandara, yakanyorova kwazvo. Dunhu reTomsk chikamu chenyika inoitika - husope hweWest Siberian Plain. Hakuna imwe nzvimbo pasi pano kune kwakapararira kwakadai semasango nemasango ane hunyoro senge mundima ino. Chikamu chakakosha chenyika yenharaunda yeTomsk inogarwa nemasango (anenge 51% yenzvimbo yacho), kazhinji kune madhigirii akasiyana-siyana emvura, pamwe nemachakwi (anenge 31%), kusanganisira matanda eganda. Peat dhipoziti nehupamhi hweanopfuura masendimita makumi masere inogara 80% yenharaunda yedunhu. Iyo yekuenderera mberi bog maitiro inovhara nzvimbo hombe dzenzvimbo dzenzvimbo, sekumwe kufungidzira, ivo vanowedzera nema24 mahekita pagore.
Denga: otomatiki, semi-hydromorphic uye hydromorphic. Inozivikanwa nekuwedzera hydromorphism, nekuda kwenzvimbo yegoggy, uye kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba - nechando chakasimba uye nekunyorova kwevhu. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvakasarudzika, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa: kuvepo kweyechipiri humus Horizon mune sod-podzolic uye grey sango ivhu; kuvapo kwema ortsands muvhu rehumhu hwakareruka; tembiricha yepasi yakadzika.
Nzvimbo yekurima: 1,2 miriyoni mahekita, ayo arable ivhu - 676 zviuru mahekita. Kupa kwenzvimbo yekurima mudunhu reTomsk ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakaderera kwazvo muWest Siberian dunhu, pamunhu - 0,65 mahekita. Tichienzanisa, muAltai Territory mune mahekita 2,64 epasi rinorimwa pamugari wese, mudunhu reNovosibirsk - 1,36 hectares, mudunhu reOmsk - 2,0 hectares. Ivhareji yeSiberia Federal Dunhu iri 1,15 mahekita.
SEASON 2018. KUSVIRA UYE YIELD KUKURA
Mbatatisi ndeyechipiri chete kune chingwa muhutano hwevanhu. Varimi venharaunda yeTomsk, senge mune mamwe matunhu mazhinji eRussia, vane rukudzo rukuru kune ino tsika.
Dunhu reTomsk nguva dzese raionekwa seimwe yemapureti ekurima mbatatisi muSiberia. Kunyangwe paine mamiriro ekunze akaomarara, kuwanda kwevhu rakazara nemvura, masora nezvipukanana, varimi vetatk uye varimi vevatambi vanowana mhedzisiro yepamusoro.
Ivhareji goho rembatatisi mudunhu iri mazana zana muzana pahekita, asi vatungamiriri, semuenzaniso, chirimwa chekuberekesa cheZavarzinsky, vanogamuchira kusvika mazana mana pasendi pahekita, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwesainzi yemazuva ano, mhando dzinovimbiswa uye kuomerera kwakasimba kuhunyanzvi. Pakupera kwa190, goho rakakura rembatatari mudunhu rakapfuura zviuru makumi matatu nematatu.
CHOKWADI. Kubatsira kwekugadzirwa kwembatatisi muna 2017 mudunhu reTomsk kwakapfuura 17,5%.
Sekureva kweDhipatimendi reSocial and Economic Development yeTomsk Dunhu Village, mu2018 nzvimbo yakadyarwa iri pasi pembatatisi mumasangano ezvekurima, mapurazi uye mumwe neumwe muzvinabhizimusi anopfuura 1,5 zviuru mahekita, kana 17,5% yezvirimwa zvese.
Sekureva kwenharaunda yedhipatimendi rebasa, mugadziri mukuru wembatatisi mudunhu reTomsk ipurazi dzega, uko muna 2018 mbatatisi dzakasimwa munzvimbo inopfuura zviuru zvuru zvinomwe.
INDUSTRY DZIDZISO SYSTEM
Mu2018, iro Dhipatimendi reSocial and Economic Development reMusha weTomsk Dunhu rakatanga kushanda nevashandirwi nemasangano ezvidzidzo zvekurima pakuumbwa kweazvino hunyanzvi hunodiwa kune vechidiki nyanzvi mune yezvekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Kunyanya kutariswa kunobhadharwa kune imwe yeakakosha hunyanzvi mune zvekurima - agronomy.
Pahwaro hwedzidzo yepamusoro, vezvekurima mapurazi enharaunda yeTomsk vakadzidziswa kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu neDhipatimendi reAgronomy neTekinoroji uye Kugadziriswa kweZvirimwa Zvigadzirwa zveTomsk Agricultural Institute, bazi reNSAU. Mu25, vadzidzi ve2018 vari kudzidza ipapo. Kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kwakaitika muna115, inotevera ichave iri muna2016. Chirongwa chekunyoresa che2019 vadzidzi venguva yakazara makumi maviri uye makumi matatu evadzidzi venguva-pfupi.
Pakati pezvakanakisa zveyunivhesiti aya ndivo vakuru vezvekurima vekutonga kwematunhu uye mahofisi makuru ekurima, pamwe nevakuru vemapurazi.
INDUSTRY INFRASTRUCTURE KUSIMBISA
Parizvino, dunhu reTomsk rinozvikwanira mumatatata e130-140%. Icho chirimwa chakakosha mudunhu iri, chinova chechipiri mushure megorosi mukukosha.
Nekudaro, OOO Kolpakov, purazi rinotungamira rembatatisi mudunhu reTomsk, rinogadzira anopfuura zviuru zvishanu zvematani emichero pagore, inoronga kuvaka mbatatari inokwana matani zviuru zviviri nezviuru kusvika kupera kwa5. Munguva yekuvaka, modular matekinoroji anoshandiswa, ayo anozopedzisira achiwedzera huwandu hwekuchengetedza kusvika kumasere zviuru zvisere zvemiriwo nembatatisi pagore. Nekudaro, iyo purazi ichakwanisa kupa ese gore kutenderera ekutengesa network uye masocial institution eTomsk ine yepamusoro mhando zvigadzirwa zvemuno.
KUKANGANYA FARMS
Mapurazi makumi matatu nemasere (mabhizimusi masere ezvekurima uye mapurazi akazvimiririra makumi maviri neshanu) ari kuita kugadzirwa kwematapiri munzvimbo iyi, ayo gumi nematanhatu ari munharaunda yeTomsk Mabhizinesi matatu ane chinzvimbo chekukura mbeu (vanoshanda zvinoenderana ne "super-super-elite", "super-elite" uye "elite" zvirongwa, zvichipa mhando yepamusoro yekudyara kwete kwete kune avo vega mabhizinesi, asiwo kune vamwe vatengesi muchitoro.
Mabhizinesi akadai saKolpakov, Favorit, Zorkaltsevskaya, Zarechnoye, varimi Mikhail Kolpakov naVyacheslav Rychko, nevamwe vari kuwana zvibodzwa zvakakwirira mumabasa avo.
Mapurazi makuru maviri embatatisi ari muShegarsky uye kumatunhu ekuchamhembe eKolpashevsky. Dunhu reKolpashevo rakaenzana nechikamu chematunhu eFar North, kana kurima kwakanyanyisa, asi kunyangwe ipapo varimi vekurima vakadzidza kuwana goho repamusoro.
Sarudzo uye SEEDING
Kuchamhembe kwedunhu iri, kune ekuyedza minda yedhipatimendi reNarym reSiberian Research Institute yeZvekurima uye Peat yebazi reSFNCA RAS. Masayendisiti ebazi iri anga achivandudza matekinoroji ekurima mbatatisi uye masystem ekudzivirira pazvirwere kweanopfuura makore makumi manomwe (kuberekesa mbatatisi kwakaitwa kubvira 70, uye tekinoroji yezvekurima yakadzidzwa kubva 1938)
Maitiro ekuberekesa anoitwa mumunda gumi-munda kutenderera zvirimwa pane soddy-yepakati podzolic sandy loam ivhu ine yakaderera yakasikwa kubereka.
Panzvimbo dzekugadzira dhipatimendi, basa rekugadzira mbeu rakatangwa. Kugadzirwa kwembeu yepuraimari kunoitwa maererano nechirongwa chemakore mana: gore rekutanga - kusarudzwa kwezvirimwa zvekutanga; Gore XNUMX - Year XNUMX dombo rekuyedza; Gore XNUMX - Year XNUMX dombo rekuedzwa; gore rechina - super-super-elite nursery. Masangano ezvekurima anopiwa mbeu yezvinhu zvemhando dzakasiyana: Pamyati Rogachev, Solnechny, Yubilyar, Yugan, Sarovskiy.
Mune ramangwana, pahwaro hweDhipatimendi reNarym reSiberian Research Institute yeZvekurima uye Peat, zvakarongwa kugadzira nzvimbo yekusimudzira kusarudzwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu mukukura kwembatatisi, inokwanisa kupa mhando yepamusoro yembeu yemumba kune hupfumi hweSiberia. Iyo Institute yatove yakaisa chikamu chemazuva ano maaeroponic kuisa, ayo anomhanyisa muitiro wekugadzira mhando kanoverengeka. Iwo matekinoroji ayo anoshandiswa epamberi nzvimbo anotendera kwete chete kuronga kubereka, kusabatanidza hutachiona hwehutachiona hune hutachiona chero padanho, asi zvakare kugadzira minitubers isina ivhu gore rese.
MaGrade
Masayendisiti eDhipatimendi reNarym weSiberian Research Institute of Agriculture uye Peat akagadzira anotevera mbatatisi mhando: Narymsky kutanga (1961), Kolpashevsky (1966), Ideal (1967), Priobsky (1972), Narymka (1989), Yanga (1997) Tomich (1998), Nakra (2000), Mukurangarira Rogachev naAntonin (2005), Solnechny (2006), Ketsky (2008), Yubilyar (2009), Yugana (2011), Sarovsky (2014). Chaizvoizvo, ese aya marudzi akaverengerwa muHurumende Rejista yeKuchengeta Kubudirira kwakatenderwa kushandiswa muRussia Federation. Zvakare, masayendisiti ebazi iri vanyori-vemhando dzakasiyana: Narymchanin (Polessky - 36), Amai uye vakagadzirwa, asi vasina kusiyaniswa mhando: Krasa Naryma, Taezhnik, Venus, Chaya, Belukha.
Mhando dzekusarudzwa kweTomsk dzinosiyaniswa nekurwisa utachiona, kuravira kwakanaka uye kwakanakisa, pamwe neyakagadzika yezvimwe zvakanaka maficha.
Mhando dzekutanga (Priobsky, Antonina, Yubilyar, Sarovsky) vanogadzira goho rinotengeswa padanho re15-20 t / ha pazuva re60 mushure mekumera. Mhando dzakasiyana dzeKetsky, Solnechny, Pamyati Rogachev, Antonina dzinoonekwa negoho repamusoro (50-60 t / ha uye nezvimwe), asi inounganidza goho guru pane rinotevera zuva. Mhando Nakra, Pamyati Rogacheva, Solnechny, Yugan uye mhando dzakasiyana Sarovsky anokwanisa starch kuunganidza muhuwandu hwe23% kana kupfuura. Mbatatisi dzakasiyana siyana Tomich, Ketsky uye Solnechny akakodzera kugadzira machipisi, Antonina - yekutonhora kwakadzika, Yugan - yekugadzira mafrimu eFrance.
Padanho razvino, basa rekuberekesa mbatatisi mubazi reNarym reSiberian Research Institute yeAgulim neTekinoroji ndeyokuuchika mhando dzinokurumidza kumera-dzinokurumidza kukura dzinogona kuibva nekukasira mumwaka mupfupi wekukura patembiricha yepasi pematsutso, dzinoshingirira kuzvirwere nezvipembenene, uye dzine zviratidzo zvemhando yepamusoro zvetubers. Parizvino, tsvuku-peel mhando dzine chimiro chakanyatsoenzana chema tubers zvakanyanya kudiwa.
TOMSK POTATO ZUVA
Kwemakore akati wandei akateedzana, yemhando yekuvhuvhu yakaitirwa mudunhu - iyo yedunhu "Mutambo wePatato". Gore rega rega inova inowedzera uye yakakura kwazvo. Muna 2017, vangangoita zviuru zvishanu vagari veTomsk uye vashanyi veguta vakapinda mutambo, uyo akagamuchira matani zana negumi ematatata. Iyo hombe assortment yemhando dzakasiyana dzembatatari inopihwa pagore pamubhadharo neanogara achitora chikamu - iyo Siberian Research Institute yeZvekurima uye Peat - bazi reSFNTSA RAS.
Munguva yezororo, kukwikwidza kweiyo yakakura mbatatari tuber inoitwa gore rega. Muna 2017, tubers-heavyweights kumakwikwi aya akapiwa nevagari veAsinovsky, Pervomaisky, Molchanovsky, Tomsk, Shegarsky, Chainsky matunhu. Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuyera, tuber inorema 1330 gramu, yakakura paMolchanov nyika, yakagamuchira zita rekuti "Bogatyr Potato".
TOMSKY ZEMLE - MBEU DIKI!
Dhipatimendi reNarym reSiberian Research Institute rezvekurima uye Peat mutaundi reKolpashevo, Tomsk Dunhu, rave nemakore gumi richishanda mukugadzira mbatatisi dzine mavara.
Masayendisiti akatokwanisa kuwana tubers yepepuru, yebhuruu-violet uye yakatsvuka mavara (kwete chete peel rine mavara, asiwo pulp). Sekureva kwevafudzi, mbatatisi dzakapfuma muma antioxidants. Nekudaro, parizvino mhando idzi hadzisati dzanyoreswa, uye nekudaro dzinorimwa chete munzvimbo dzega dzemapurazi. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunogoneka chete mushure mekupasa bvunzo.
FIELD ZUVA 2018: POTATO SECTOR
Mukati megadziriro yemazuva matatu ezvekurima-maindasitiri foramu "Munda Zuva-2018" mudunhu reTomsk, zuva rese rakazvipira kukudziridzwa kwekukura kwembatatisi. Pahwaro hweOOO Kolpakov mudunhu reTomsk - mutungamiri wedunhu mukugadzirwa kwembatatisi - seminari isingabatsiri "Sematata muSiberia: ruzivo rwekurima uye tarisiro yekusimudzira" yakaitwa. Chiitiko ichi chakaunza pamwe masayendisiti makumi mashanu, vafudzi, varimi vembatatisi vanobva kuMoscow, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk neTomsk matunhu.
Musoro webasa Denis Kolpakov akabata kuratidzwa kwemidziyo yemazuva ano yekurima mbatatisi, pane izvo zviripo zvikamu makumi mana papurazi. Simba rinoshanda John Deer matarakita, Lemken akateedzera tillage zvishandiso, Grimme mbatatisi yekudyara yakaoma, nezvimwe zvinoshanda mumunda. - iyo yakazara renji yehunyanzvi mhinduro uye zvitsva zvezvekurima tekinoroji, iyo inobvumidza iyo purazi kuti iite basa remumunda nenzira kwayo uye nenguva. Vatori vechikamu vemusangano vakaratidzirwa mitsara yemazuva ano yekugadzirira pre-kutengesa kwembatatisi (kurongedza mune 40 kg mambure uye mumapuriyumu epakeji akagadzirwa neye combi-jira; kuputira kurongedza kwematezi akasvuurwa).
Chido chakakosha chevarimi uye varimi vembatatisi-vashandi chakamutswa nekutariswa kweminda yekurima mbatatisi, uko nhasi marudzi ese epamba - Kemerovochanin, Tuleyevsky - uye ekunze anorimwa (kekutanga gore rino, kudyara kwekuyedza kwemarudzi embatatisi eGerman Mbeu Mubatanidzwa wakaiswa).
"Takatarisa kuminda yepurazi reKolpakov LLC uye takashamisika," akadaro Anastasia Borovkova, mukuru wedhipatimendi rembatatisi yeGerman Seed Alliance (Moscow). - Matekinoroji anoshandiswa pane bhizinesi, kubva kurima kusvika kudziviriro yemiti, - padanho repamusoro kwazvo. Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ekunze akashata uye nemwaka mupfupi wekukura, avhareji goho rembatatisi remakumi maviri nemakumi maviri evapfumi vakawanikwa papurazi iri zvakare rakafanira kuremekedzwa.
Ivo vatori vechikamu musangano vakaunzwawo kubasa kweLabhoritari yeBiotechnological Maitiro Ekuberekesa uye Kugadzira Mbeu kweZvirimwa Zvirimwa zveSiberia Research Institute yeZvekurima nePeat - bazi reSFSCA RAS mumusha weBogashevo, uko kutsvagurudzwa kwemazuva ano kuri kuitiswa kuti vawane minitubers ine hutano yematapiri nema microcloning.