"Sezvo Europe inoderedza kuvimba kwayo nemaagrochemicals ezvekurima mumakore gumi anotevera uye kupfuura, mubvunzo wakakomba ndewokuti: Chii chichavatsiva? Biotechnology yezvekurima inogona kupa mhinduro, "anonyora Farhan Mitha mune chinyorwa chakaburitswa naLabiotech Insider.
Website Potato Nhau Nhasi inopa zvirevo kubva mubhuku rino. Chinyorwa chizere chinogona kuverengerwa pawebhusaiti. labiotech.
Kushandiswa kwema agrochemicals - mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, mafetiraiza uye ekukurisa zvidyarwa - kwave kuri kwakakosha pakurarama kwevanhu kwezana remakore rapfuura. Vakabvumidza kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwekurima zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nehuwandu (iyo nhamba yavo yakawedzera zvakaomarara) uye vakaponesa mabhiriyoni evanhu kubva kunzara. Zvakangodaro, simba rezvicherchemicals pane zvakatipoteredza rave kuoneka zvakanyanya kuti rirege kufuratirwa, uye makemikari ari kungoonekwa sezvishandiso zvedi zana rapfuura asina kukodzera kunyatsogadzirisa matambudziko ezana ramakore re21.
Ichiziva izvi, EU nguva pfupi yadarika yakaronga zvinangwa zvakati kuti kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwemakemikari anoshandiswa pamapurazi eEuropean panosvika 2030. Tiri kutaura nezve kuderedzwa kwemakumi mashanu muzana mukushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, pamwe nekuderedzwa kwemakumi maviri muzana mukushandiswa kwemafetiraiza.
Uyezve, zviri pachena kuti kufamba kune izvi zvinangwa hakufanirwe kuperekedzwa nekudonha kwakasimba mukugadzirwa. Nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu ingave yekutendeukira kune zvinyowani zvekurima biotechnologies.
Nhoroondo, kusimudzirwa kwekurima biotechnology muEU hakuna kumbogara kwakafamba zvakanaka. European Commission yakarambidza kuiswa kwezvirimwa zvakagadziriswa genetical, izvo zvakaodza mwoyo makambani mazhinji ekutsvagisa makondinendi ayo akafunga nzira dzeinjiniya senge maturusi anokosha mukugadzira chirongwa chekurima chakawanda, chakavimbika uye chakasimba.
Nekudaro, iyo biotechnology yekurima haingori chete kusikwa kwezvirimwa zveGM: masayendisiti anoshandisa iwo kugadzira huwandu hwezvibodzwa zvinobatsira mukuvandudza nzira dzekukura zvirimwa (pasina genetic kushandurwa kwezvirimwa pachazvo).
Pheromones yekudzivirira kwemhodzi
Chemical zvipembenene zvishandiso zvakaoma kugadzirwa kudzora zvipembenene, "inorema artillery", iyo inoshandiswa kuuraya vakawanda. Asi iyi "nyika yakapiswa" nzira, yakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore, inokonzera matambudziko akakomba ezvakatipoteredza.
BioPhero, yunivhesiti yeDenmark yunivhesiti, akapayona nekushandiswa kwezvipembenene senzira yekuraramisa kune mamwe makemikari anoparadza. Zvigadzirwa zvekambani zvakanangana nechinangwa chekurwisa zvipfukuto zvezvirimwa, zvakawanda zvezvipembenene zvine njodzi pazvirimwa.
Kupindira kwePheromone kunovhiringidza mhungu nekuvhara nzvimbo yechokwadi yemunhukadzi mune imwe yemapenzuru eheti. Semhedzisiro, mazai mashoma akaiswa, uye huwandu hwechiva hunokuvadza chirimwa hunochengetwa hwakaderera, hwakawanda huripo hunogona kurongeka.
BioPhero yakagadzira chirongwa chekuvandudza - chakafanana nedhirini yekugadzira doro - uko engineering yeast inogadzira moth pheromones. Izvi zvinobvumira kugadzirwa kwepheromones pachiyero cheindasitiri, chinoita kuti iyi nzira yekudzivirira zvirimwa zvirambe zviripo nehupfumi.
Mapuroteni biocontrol
Sezvaunoziva, zvipembenene zvezvirimwa uye pathogenic microorganisms zvinouya mune zvese chimiro uye saizi, uye vamiriri vehumambo hwakasiyana: mhuka (zvipembenene), fungi, mabhakitiriya. Izvi zvinounza dambudziko rakakura kukudziridzwa kwemaitiro e biocontrol ayo ari maviri akatariswa uye anochinjika kune hwakawanda zvisikwa zvakasiyana.
Biotalys (aimbova Agrosavfe), chikamu cheFlemish Institute of Biotechnology, anoratidza kuti mhinduro yedambudziko iri iri mune imwe yezvinhu zvakasikwa biomolecules: mapuroteni.
Kambani yeBelgian biotechnology, yakavambwa muna 2013, iri kugadzira "agrobels" - mapuroteni madiki akagadzirirwa kurwisa zvipukanana nezvimwe zvipembenene. Kunobva kukurudzira kwekusikwa kwe "agrobel" yaive llama mapuroteni, ayo anosiyaniswa nehunhu hunoshamisa hwehunhu.
Iyo kambani inogona kukurumidza kusarudza mapuroteni anoshanda kwazvo kubva kuhutachiona hwehutachiona kana pathogen, achiaburitsa akawanda zvakakwana kuburikidza nehutachiona husinga peri uye oashandura kuita zvigadzirwa zvinodzivirira chirimwa.
Kushandiswa kwebhakitiriya yevhu
Mumakore achangopfuura, munda wekutsvagirobiobi hwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uchifambiswa nekufambira mberi kwakakosha mukudzidza kwemhedzisiro yenharaunda dzinochengetwa noutachiona. Iyi nhaurwa yaive zvakare yakatariswa yekutsvaga kwekurima, nekuti zvidyarwa zvakare zvine micobiomes.
Zvimwe inonyanyo kuzivikanwa agrobiotechnical kambani inoshanda kugadzira network yeiyo typiotic hukama pakati pezvirimwa nemabhakitiriya ndeye California-based Pivot Bio. Chigadzirwa chemakambani kambani chinosimudzira mabhakitiriya akagadziriswa muvhu, ayo anogona kutora nitrogen kubva kumhepo uye kuendesa zvakananga kuzvirimwa. Chigadzirwa chinogadzirisa kana kutotsiva chinodiwa cheanogadzira nitrogen mafetiraiza, iko kushandiswa kweiyo EU kunotsvaga ne20%.
Makambani mazhinji eEuropean biotech (anosanganisira Xtrem Biotech kuSpain uye ApheaBio muBelgium) vari kuongororawo mukana wekushandisa hutachiona kutsiva agrochemicals. Nekudaro, kuiswa kwakabudirira kwehutachiona hunobatsira muvhu mumamiriro chaiwo emunda kwaratidza kuve kunonetsa, sezvo zvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvinowanzo kukanganisa kushanda kwavo uye kugadzikana.
Kukurira izvi zvinoremerwa, kambani yekuFrance Kapsera yakagadzira madiki mabhakitiriya anorema kubva ku alginate (zvinhu zvinobva ku algae) izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kutakura uye kushanda kwe bio-feteraiza uye biopesticides.
Mukupedzisa
Dambudziko rakatarisana nevarimi vekuEurope muchiedza chezvinangwa zvitsva zveEU rakanyanya kuoma: kuramba uchingowedzera michero uchideredza kushandiswa kwemakemikari. Zvinogona kuita kunge zvisinga goneke, asi kuwanda kwemhinduro dzezvipenyu kunoratidza kuti izvi hazvina kudaro. Uye nekupiwa chokwadi chekuti EU yezvekurima biotechnology indasitiri muna 2019 yakagamuchira zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu emadhora ekuvandudza (245% zvakanyanya kupfuura muna 21), iyi yekuvandudza yezvekurima inogona kunge iri padhuze kupfuura zvatinofunga.