Chinyorwa: Ilya Rubin
Kubatana kwekurima hakuna kumbobvira kwaonekwa sekusimba kweRussia. Kana zvasvika kumabatanidzwa, iyo inozivikanwa pasi rese Fonterra, Valio naArla, iyo inobatanidza vanogadzira mukaka, vanobva vauya mupfungwa. Zvichakadaro, kune mienzaniso yemakambani anobudirira mumiriwo yeRussia inokura.
Sekureva kwesangano reVarimi (Kurima) Mapurazi uye Masangano Ekurima eRussia (AKKOR), pane angangoita zviuru zvina zvinoshanda pamwe chete muRussia. Iyi nhamba inofungidzirwa, uye haina kumboshanduka mumakore mashoma apfuura. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti pabepa, kushandira pamwe kuri kubudirira muRussia: zvinoenderana nedhata rezvematongerwo enyika, pane vangangoita zviuru mazana mana vemasheya mumakambani angangoita zviuru zvitanhatu munyika, uye mutero wavo unodarika maRuble makumi maviri.
Zvakadaro, Rosstat dhata inoratidza kuti mumakore gumi apfuura huwandu hwemapurazi muRussia akaderera ne10% - kwasara vangori zviuru mazana maviri.Ichokwadi, varimi vapenyu vakawedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yavo panguva ino - ka40 nguva, paavhareji kusvika kumahekita makumi maviri nematanhatu.
Chero zvazvingaitika, huchenjeri hwakajairika nezve kutadza kwekudyidzana kwekurima kweRussia kunogona kuwedzeredzwa, nekuti mienzaniso yekubudirira kwevarimi muRussia ichiri kusangana.
Maitiro ekutengesa miriwo zvinobatsira
Sezvo mutemo, hwaro hwekugara kwenguva refu uye hune zvibereko pamwe chete wevarimi vemiriwo chishuwo chavo chekutengesa kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvavo. Mutengi mukuru maketani ekutengesa. Networks inoda kuvimbiswa kununurwa kwemazana makuru ane fungidziro yemhando. Mapurazi madiki haakwanise kuita izvi, asi, vabatana, vanokwanisa kwazvo kupa zvekushandisa mumambure, uyezve, pamashoko akanaka kwazvo.
Aya ndiwo mabudiro akabudirira mushandira pamwe wemubatanidzwa weAgroKostroma. Iyi yekurima yevatengi kupa uye kushambadzira mushandirapamwe iri kuita mukupa kwemiriwo yekunze. Sekureva kwesystem yekudyidzana "Kartoteka", mari yemubatanidzwa
inodarika zana nemakumi maviri emaruble. Net purofiti yemubatanidzwa haisi chiratidzo chakakosha, asi zvakakosha kuti zvakanaka.
Nhoroondo ye "AgroKostroma" yakatanga nenyaya yekuti muna 2007 mapurazi akati wandei akasarudza kubatana kuti zviite zvakanaka mabasa. “Basa guru remubatanidzwa waive wekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvakaenzana kunhengo dzese dzemubatanidzwa, nokudaro kusabatanidzwa makwikwi pakati pavo. Sangano rakagonesa kutenga pamwe michina nemidziyo nerutsigiro rwehurumende, pamwe nekuwana nzira dzezvigadzirwa nenzira dzakanakisa, ”anoyeuka kudaro Valentina Konkova, sachigaro wekoporasi yeAgroKostroma.
“Mushandirapamwe, kutanga kwezvose, mubatanidzwa unobatsira kune vese vatori vechikamu. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe hazvo chimiro chedu chaichinja zvishoma nezvishoma (mumwe munhu akasiya mushandirapamwe, mapurazi matsva akafarira akabatana), takagara tichiwana nzvimbo dzekudyidzana ", -
anodaro Valentina Konkova.
Sekureva kwake, iro basa hombe rakatarisana nemubatanidzwa kwaive kutanga kubatana nematare makuru echitoro. Muna 2017, chibvumirano chekutanga chakasainwa kuti vape zvigadzirwa zvemitezo yemubatanidzwa. “Zviri nyore kuti ngetani hombe dzekutengesa dzishande nevatengesi vakuru. Haasi ese mapurazi madiki ane zviwanikwa zvekushandira pamwe navo. Kugadzirwa kweyechete logistics chinongedzo kwakabvumidza mabhizinesi ane akasiyana mavhoriyamu ekugadzira kuve vatori vechikamu muchibvumirano ichi. Takabudirira chete nekuda kwekushandira pamwe, "anosimbisa Valentina Konkova.
Nenzira, kutengesa kunobatsira kwezvigadzirwa handicho chete chikonzero chekushandira pamwe. Kazhinji kazhinji makomisheni anokwanisa kugamuchira zvikwereti nezvipo chete nekubatana, nekuti pamwe chete vane zvivimbiso zvakawanda kumabhangi, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvekutora magwaro uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuwana rutsigiro rwehurumende.
Semuenzaniso, iyo yekurima yemiriwo yekurima yevatengi yekutengesa yemubatanidzwa "Kazachiy", iri muguta reKrymsk, Krasnodar Territory, yakakwanisa kuvaka nzvimbo dzekuchengetera chete nekuda kwekubatana kwema purazi avo. Nekuvaka kwavo muna 2017, Bazi rezvekurima nekugadzirisa maindasitiri eKrasnodar Territory yakapa mubatanidzwa weKazachiy nerubatsiro muhuwandu hwemamirioni e19,5. Mamwe mamirioni gumi nematatu rubles. mari yavo yaishandiswa kuita basa rekuvaka, kutenga michina nemidziyo. Zvingave zvakanyanya kunetsa kuwana rubatsiro uye kukwidza mari yakadaro zvakasiyana.
Kubatana kwenguva refu kwemapurazi akabatana mumubatanidzwa nguva zhinji kunoratidza mhinduro yakanaka. Tinogona kutaura semuenzaniso iyo SEC "Vyshgorodsky", iyo yakavambwa muna 2004 mumusha weVyshgorod, mudunhu reRyazan. Ane hunyanzvi hwakakura, kusanganisira kukura kwemiriwo.
Mushandirapamwe uyu wakave mutungamiri wedunhu munzvimbo yeagro-maindasitiri chaizvo nekuda kwekubatana kwema purazi, ayo aisakwanisa kuwana mari yega yekutenga michina yekurima nemidziyo. Muna 2012-2019, nerutsigiro rweHurumende Yezvekurima uye Chikafu cheRyazan Dunhu, mukati mehurongwa hwehurongwa hwehurongwa hweRyazan Dunhu "Kubudirira kweiyo agro-maindasitiri", mubatanidzwa wakapihwa chikwereti uye rubatsiro. muhuwandu hwemamiriyoni makumi masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere. yekutenga zvekushandisa. Uye zvakare, iyo mubatanidzwa yakadyara nezveRUB 80,9 mamirioni muchirongwa.
yako mari.
Nekuda kwekudyara uku, mari yemubatanidzwa yakura kupfuura makore ne90%, uye goho rezvirimwa zvemuriwo nemakumi ezana muzana.
Tinogona kutaura kuti kudyidzana mukurima muriwo kunoita kuti zvikwanisike kuti mapurazi madiki akapararira ave akasimba sekubata kwekurima. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugona kwekugadzirisa zvirinani maindasitiri madiki kunogona kuita kuti iwedzere kushanda. Zvakangodaro, zvinofungidzirwa kuti Russia inyika yezvivakwa zvakakura zvekurima izvo zvava kuda kutora zvisaririra zveminda kubva kuvarimi vakaparadzwa. Zvisinei, dambudziko iri rakanyanyisa.
Ngano dzekubata zvekurima
Kubva kunze zvinogona kutaridzika kuti yose agro-indasitiri yakaoma muRussia ndeimwe yekuenderera kwekubata kwekurima, kutambanudza kubva kumusoro kusvika kumusoro. Muchokwadi, zvekuRussia kurima, kunyanya mukukura kwemiriwo, inomiririrwa nenhamba hombe yemakambani madiki nemapurazi.
mapurazi.
Nenzira, munyika dzeEurope, uko pasina mapurazi akakura, asi kune zvikuru mapurazi emhuri, makoporasi akawana budiriro huru, uye mamwe acho anga aripo kwemakumi kana mazana emakore.
Sekureva kweFederal State Statistics Service, muRussia, mugove wemapurazi ane nzvimbo inopfuura zviuru gumi mahekita mumakore achangopfuura asvika chetatu chemapurazi ese eRussia, nepo pakati pa10s nhamba iyi yaive isingasvike makumi maviri. %. Nekudaro, kwete chete iyo nzvimbo yekurima yekubata yakura, asi zvakare ivhu
zvirongwa zvemakambani asiri makuru kwazvo ekurima, ayo akarerutswa nekuparadzwa kwemapurazi mazhinji ega ega. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera kukura kwenzvimbo dzemakambani "epakati" ezvekurima muRussia - varimi "vane hunyanzvi" vari kudzinga "amateurs" kunze kwemapazi epamba ega. Semuenzaniso, iyo yakazara nzvimbo yemapurazi yakawedzera zvakapetwa panguva imwechete - kusvika kumamirioni makumi mana nemashanu emahekita. Izvi zvinonyanya kucherechedzwa mukukura kwemiriwo, uko, pakatarisana nedanho rekudzikira kwenhamba yemasangano ezvekurima, huwandu hwevarimi hwakawedzera.
Iye zvino kune varimi vanopfuura zviuru mazana maviri muRussia, uye ivo vari kuwedzera nzvimbo dzawo, sekubata kwekurima. Nekudaro, yavo ivhu diki idiki - avhareji nzvimbo yepurazi mahekita makumi maviri nematanhatu (nepo rimwe nerimwe reRussia rezvekurima sangano rinosvika zviuru zvitanhatu mahekita). Naizvozvo, varimi vane mikana yakawanda mukushandira pamwe.
Parizvino, pane kuwedzera kukurumbira kwekushandira pamwe. Pakazara, muna 2018-2020, 1848 makambani emakambani ekurima akagadzirwa muRussia, ayo ma1698 aive evatengi, iyo Federal Corporation yeKusimudzira kweVadiki neVapakati-Vakakura Bhizinesi inopa data. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuvapo kwe
varimi vekurima chinangwa chinoda kuumba makomisheni kuti aite akasiyana mabasa ekuita.
Kukurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekushandira pamwe, iyo SME Corporation, pamwe neRussia Ministry of Agriculture, SME Bank, Rosselkhozbank, Sberbank neRosagroleasing, yakagadzira Package yeRutsigiro Matanho ("bhokisi" chigadzirwa) yemakambani emakambani ezvekurima uye varimi-nhengo dzekurima makambani. Iyi pasuru yematanho ekutsigira inosanganisira akasarudzika zvigadzirwa zvemari kumakambani emakambani ekurima Izvi ndizvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvivimbiso kubva kuCorporate "SME", zvigadzirwa zvechikwereti kubva ku "SME Bank", "Rosselkhozbank", Sberbank, yakawiriraniswa nerutsigiro rwezvipo nerubatsiro kubva kubazi rezvekurima.
Russia, yakasarudzika leasing zvigadzirwa zvematunhu ekurenda makambani ekutenga michina uye leasing zvigadzirwa zveRosagroleasing.
Uye zvakare, iyo Package yeTsigiro Matanho inosanganisira matanho ekutsigira Ministry of Economic Development yeRussian Federation kukwezva mari mumusika wemasheya. Zvakare, pamusoro pezviyero zvekutsigira zvemari, iine ruzivo nezvenzira dzisiri-dzemari dzekutsigira, kusanganisira nekuwedzera misika yezvigadzirwa: kusimudzira zvigadzirwa paInternet, kutenga vatengi vakuru, uye kubatana nemaketani ehurumende.
Nekudaro, matanho ese aya ekutsigira haangakwanise kugadzirisa dambudziko hombe rekushandira pamwe - kushomeka kwekuvimbana pakati pevarimi, anodaro Alexander Nikulin, director weRANEPA Center for Agricultural Research pasi peMutungamiri weRussia Federation. Iye anoongorora mubatanidzwa wesangano muRussia uye mukati mehurongwa hwake
basa resainzi rinogarobvunzurudza varimi. "Panyaya yekuti, varimi vadiki vanogona kubatana vobva vatanga kukwikwidza nevekurima mukupa zvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa nedunhu, asi mukuita kwavo havawanzo kubudirira," anodaro Alexander Nikulin.
Nekudaro, pane tariro kuti chizvarwa chitsva chevarimi, vasina rusaruro pamusoro pemabatanidzwa, vachatanga kuumba zvine mutsigo makoporasi. Iyo nyanzvi inoona zviratidzo zvekutanga zveichi chikamu mudunhu reMoscow, uko varimi vechidiki vari kutogadzira imwe sangano rekushandira pamwe kuAKKOR.
Uye zvakadiniko nemitemo?
Zvakaoma zvikuru kuti makoporasi ezvekurima avepo pasina mitemo yehurumende. “Munyika zhinji dzekuEurope, mushandirapamwe wakawana budiriro chaiyo nekuda kwekutarisirwa kwemapurazi madiki. Semuenzaniso, muFrance, varimi vanoonekwa zviri pamutemo sechikamu chenhaka yetsika, uye muSwitzerland, varimi vadiki vanopihwa rutsigiro rwakakosha rwemari (kwete yakanyanya kunanga, asi zvakanyanya muchimiro chezvivakwa, mamiriro akanaka echikwereti, nezvimwe zvakadaro. ), ”Anodaro director wekushambadzira wefemu yemagweta Hoban Law Group Halston Punchek.
Anosimbisa kuti makominist ane mukurumbira uye ane simba - Valio, CHS, Mondragon kana Arla - akagadzirwa aine rutsigiro rwehurumende rusina mvumo, rwuchiri kuenderera nanhasi. MuJapan, semuenzaniso, vanodarika 90% yevarimi vese inhengo dzemakoporasi, uye yavo ZEN-NOH mushandirapamwe ndeimwe yemakuru mupasi rose. Mapurazi imomo madiki, asi nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwakadaro vanokwanisa kudzivirira kodzero dzavo padanho repamusoro, uye nekudaro mugove wemabhizimusi ehurumende mune purofiti yavo inodarika makumi mashanu muzana.
Ikozvino kudiwa kwerutsigiro rwehurumende kumakoporasi kuri kukurukurwawo muRussia. Nekuda kwesarudzo dzekushandira pamwe, kutsigirwa kwevakuru vehurumende kwakakosha kwazvo mukusimudzira kwayo. Panyaya iyi, mumatunhu ese (kunze kweMoscow neSt. Petersburg), yakagadziriswa uye
zvirongwa zvekusimudzirwa kwekudyidzana zviri kuitwa, uye nzvimbo dzekugona mumunda wekudyidzana kurima uye rutsigiro rwevarimi vanobatanidzwa mukuronga rutsigiro rwezvivakwa.
Kutenda rutsigiro, matunhu anotungamira mukuvandudza kudyidzana kwekurima ndeMipetsk, Tyumen, Belgorod matunhu, Krasnodar Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Bashkortostan neTatarstan. Sekureva kwehunyanzvi, nzvimbo dzinotevera dzinogona kuvimbisa: kugadzirwa kwe organic uye eco-zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvine yakakwira gastronomic uye yekudyira hunhu, pamwe ne
kugadzirwa kweakasarudzika echikafu chikafu zvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvine yakakwira yekunze chinhu.
«Kana tikatarisa zviverengero zvinoratidza huwandu hwe mushandirapamwe musimba mumakore apfuura, tichaona kuti vatungamiriri varipo vari kuramba vachichinja, - anodaro Alexander Nikulin. - Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Tatarstan yaive pakati pevatungamiriri maererano nenhamba yemubatanidzwa, uye ikozvino ndiyo nharaunda yeLipetsk. Izvi zvinokonzerwa
kureva rutsigiro rwemudunhu. "Zvino mamwe, mamwe matunhu anotanga kupa mari uye munzira dzese kutsigira kudyidzana, asi nekufamba kwenguva, kufarira munzvimbo ino kunodzikira, uye mushure meizvozvo kubatana kwacho kunopera."
Sekureva kwake, pane zvinopesana mumutemo wekushandira pamwe, uye danho "kubva kumusoro" hazviwanzoenderana nechishuwo chevarimi pachavo chekubatana. Nekudaro matambudziko anowanzo kutaurwa nezvawo nekunyorwa nezvake. Asi varimi vadiki vari nyore kwazvo kushandira pamwe. Saka pamwe kumwe kunhu muRussia
mushandirapamwe wemubatanidzwa wemuriwo uchakurumidza kukura, uyo uchaenzana nehukuru uye simba kune yakakurumbira dairy Fonterra.