Kutengesa goho nemutengo wakanaka hakuna kunyanya kuomesa pane kurima. Zvichida zvakatonyanya, nekuti hapana hurongwa hwese hwakagadzirwa mune iyi nyaya. Kusimbiswa kweizvi ndiko kupera kwemwaka wa2017 / 18, mwedzi yekupedzisira iyo yanga isiri zvachose sezvaitarisirwa.
Kubva kuHistory yeZVIITIKO
Autumn 2017 yakaunza tariro huru kune varimi vembatatisi. Mwaka wacho wainetsa uye goho raive shoma pane makore apfuura rekodhi. Mamiriro acho aibatsira kukwira kwakamirirwa kwenguva refu mumitengo yezvigadzirwa. Uye zvakare, vaongorori, vatapi venhau uye vakuru "vakasimbisa" mamiriro acho ezvinhu (rangarira mushumo weAccounts Chamber, zvinoenderana nekugutsikana kweRussian Federation mumatezi mu2017 yaive 90,7%, iine chikumbaridzo chakatarwa neDzidziso yeKudya Kwekuchengetedzeka kweRussia Federation ingangoita 95%). Kubva pane zvese zvimire zvakarira: "Mbatatisi yemhando yepamusoro iri kushomeka, kusvika kupera kwemwaka inenge isingakwani, mitengo ichakura zvakanyanya ...". Mitengo yakanyatso kukura, pakutanga kwechirimo pakanga paine nguva apo zvaive zvisingaite kubvumirana pane kuwanikwa kwebatch hombe, vagadziri vaive vakamirira zvinowedzera uye zvinobatsira.
Uyezve wave mbesa mbatatisi kubva kuEgypt yakadira muRussia. Yakadurura muna: muna Kukadzi, matani 30 ezvigadzirwa akatengwa (muna545, panguva imwechete - mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe nenomwe matani, zvakapetwa makumi mana!), MunaKurume huwandu hwezvakatengwa hwakapfuura zviuru makumi mana zvematani, muna Kubvumbi
mamwe matani 117 akaiswa tsoka. Huwandu hwechigadzirwa chakaunzwa mukati megore - muchokwadi, pakukwirira kwekutengesa mbatatisi dzekumba - kwanga kusati kwavapo muRussia.
Mbatatisi dzeIjipita dzakatora masherufu ese muzvitoro, uye hombe zvitoro zvakashomeka (kutaura zvazviri, zvakamiswa) kutengwa kwemapatata epamba eiyo "hupfumi" (isina kushambidzwa) kirasi, vachipokana nesarudzo yavo yekupa vatengi zvinhu zviri nani (verenga: kupinza) zvinhu.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sekucherechedza maneja weRussian Potato Union Alexei Krasilnikov, ngetani dzaisakwanisa kurarama nemavhoriyamu ezvekupa uye, vachizadzisa zvisungo zvavo zvechibvumirano kuvashambadzi veEjipitori, vakamanikidzwa kupa chikamu chembatatisi kutengeswa kuvarimi vembatatisi veRussia. Mapurazi akarongedza chigadzirwa pamidziyo yavo uye ndokutumira kunogadziriswa nekutengesa kuburikidza nemikana yavo.
Mamiriro acho haana kana kudzikisirwa nekupindira kweRosselkhoznadzor, iyo yakamisa mbatatisi kubva kumatunhu masere eEjipitori kubva pakati paKurume nekuda kwekuonekwa kwebhakitiriya Pseudomonas (Ralstonia) solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. Kurambidzwa kwakabviswa chete kutanga kwaJune.
Pakazosvika Kubvumbi, musika wakakoromoka, mitengo yezvakawanda yakaderera ne4050%, nguva dzekutengesa dzakatambanudzwa kwemwedzi nehafu kusvika kumwedzi miviri. Mazana emapurazi eRussia akatadza kutengesa chikamu chakakosha chegoho ravo. Kana isu tikadzidza iyo data pamazamu akasara ematato mumatunhu pakupera kwaMay naJune, huwandu hwacho hunoshamisa. Pakazosvika Chikumi, anenge zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu nezviuru zvematani zvematatata zvaisazivikanwa.
Nzvimbo dze "dzakasimukira mbatatisi dzinorimwa" dzakatambura zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe: avo vakarima chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro vakapihwa zvitoro zvemazuva ano zvemiriwo zvakanyanya. Mapurazi aive mutsvuku, mazhinji akange asina mari yakakwana yekutenga zvinodikanwa zvemwaka mutsva, dzimwe mbatatisi dzisina kutengeswa dzakashandiswa sembeu.
Kutengesa network hakuna kugamuchira iyo yaunoda purofiti kana. Nekuda kwekuti paive nemavhoriyamu akakura ematapiri eRussia pamusika, mitengo yemapatatari akaunzwa kunze kwenyika aifanira kudzikiswa muna Kukadzi kubva pamakumi matanhatu masendi / kg kusvika pamasendi makumi matatu nematatu. Mitengo yakaramba iri padanho iri kusvika kupera kwezvinhu.
Mutengi wekupedzisira chete ndiye akahwina zvishoma, kunyange hazvo vanhu vakarasikirwa nekodzero yekusarudza chigadzirwa: zvaive zvisingaite kutenga yakachipa yeRussia yakagadzirwa mbatatisi muzvitoro.
Mamiriro acho akagamuchira zvakawanda zvekushambadzirwa munhau.
NDIANI ANE MHOSVA?
Nehurombo, vevapepeti havana kukwanisa kuwana zvirevo pamusoro penyaya iyi kubva kuvamiriri vezvitoro, saka isu tinogona kungofungidzira kuti sei uye nei sarudzo yakaitwa yekutenga matapiri akaunzwa muhuwandu.
Izvo zvinongova pachena kuti zvibvumirano zvekugovera zvakagumiswa pasati pasvika Zvita 2017: kutumirwa kwekutanga kwembatatisi dzeIjipita kwakasvika pamashefu muna Ndira (uye kazhinji mbatatisi dzekutanga dzinounzwa kubva pakati paKukadzi).
Nekudaro, kukwidza kune vatengesi vekunze hakuna kuitwa nekuda kwematambudziko chaiwo nehunhu hwechigadzirwa chemumba.
Zvichida kuti mutengo usinganzwisisike wakaderera wemapatatisi eIjipita wakaita senzira yekuita izvi (pamusika paive nerunyerekupe kuti pakutanga huwandu hwakawanda hwaifanirwa kutumirwa kuGerman, asi kutenga hakuna kuitika, uye zvinhu zvacho zvakapihwa vatengi veRussia pamutengo wakakosha).
Zvese izvi zvinogona kunzi zvakangoitika zvezviitiko. Asi pane zvikonzero zvakadzama zvemamiriro ezvinhu enhamo ayo varimi vekurima vakazviwana vari mukupera kwemwaka wadarika.
Ngatitangei nenyaya yekuti zvine musoro cheni "Russian mbatatisi muchirimo = yakaderera mhando chigadzirwa" zvazove zvisina basa nhasi. Ehe, mienzaniso yekuyedza kutengesa zvinhu zvakaora pamusika zvave, zviripo uye pamwe zvicharamba zviripo. Asi kazhinji, mapurazi eRussia (mazhinji evaya vanoshanda nemaketani) vanoziva kuchengetedza matapiri.
Ngatipe muenzaniso wakajeka: musi waAugust 16, pamusangano wekurima "Mbatatisi nemiriwo", yakarongedzwa nevekurima vakabata "Dmitrovskie Vegetables" nerutsigiro rwePatato Union yeRussia Federation, Kambani Yemubatanidzwa yakaitwa, iyo yakapindwa nevamiriri vemaketani mazhinji makuru ekutengesa. Panguva yechiitiko ichi, vatori vechikamu vemusangano vakabvunzwa kuti vaone "nekungotarisa" mune izvo zvitatu zvezvimedu zviriko zvakatengwa kunze kwenyika goho ra2018, uye mune izvo - zvemumba, zvakakura muna2017 na2018, zvichiteerana. Nyanzvi dzakacherekedza chakatumirwa kunze nechimiro chakatarwa chetubers. Asi nezve iyo yekumba, nhaurirano yakamuka: mharidzo yematatata mumidziyo miviri yaive yakanaka, iyo "yekare" yanga isiri yakaderera muhunhu kune vadiki, uye izvi zvaive pakati paAugust!
Ngatirangarirei zvakare kuti kupihwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera nyika kutanga kwa2016 kwasvika 74%. Nenzira, sekutaura kwenyanzvi, mamiriro ezvinhu mumusika wembatatisi panosvika gore ra2018 zvakanyanya mhedzisiro yekubudirira kuita chirongwa chehurumende kutsigira kuvakwa uye kuvakwazve kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera miriwo nembatatisi. Makambani eRussia akatora chinzvimbo mukati mawo, vachishuvira kukwanisa kutengesa mbatatisi munguva yepakati.
Nhasi, nhamba inokwana yemabhizimusi munyika inogona kupa mbatatisi yemhando yepamusoro kusvika kupera kwezhizha, asi zvakazoitika kuti hapana anoida. Iko hakuna zvakare kudiwa kwekutaura nezve yekukurumidza kubhadhara yemadhura kwazvo ekuchengetedza mapurojekiti, iyo yekukurumidza kudzoka kwemari yechikwereti, uchifunga nezve mhedzisiro yemwaka.
Sergei Filippov, Mutungamiri weDmitrovskie Vegetables inobata zvekurima, anoti varimi vembatatisi veRussia (nerutsigiro rwehurumende) vakagadzirira mumakore anotevera kuti vasvike padanho raigona kuitwa nenyika pasina kutenga mbatatisi dzekutanga.
Kune rimwe divi, mune zvekurima, simba remamiriro ekunze harigone kubviswa zvachose. Sekureva kwaFilippov, mabhizinesi ezvekurima, kusvika kumagumo kwekukohwa, havana ruzivo nezvekuti vangani vanogashira zvigadzirwa uye mhando ipi. Tichifunga izvi, zvakaoma kuvimbisa chimwe chinhu kumaketeni ekutengesa.
uye CHII CHOKUITA?
Kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi, mapato anofanirwa kudzidza kutaurirana. Sekureva kwemutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weNational Fruit and Vegetable Union Svetlana Belova, iko kusanzwisisana kwakaitika pakati pevanogadzira zvekurima nemaketani ezvitoro, pamwe nekushayikwa kweruzivo rwechokwadi pamusika, zvakakonzera mhedzisiro yakaipa kudaro.
Mabhizimusi ezvekurima anofanirwa kuve akavhurika, uye mamwe matanho ari kutotorwa mune ino nzira. Parizvino, Bazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, pamwe nemasangano evashandi, vari kuvandudza mafomu epuratifomu akavhurika, ayo achabatanidza ruzivo rwese nezvehuwandu uye mhando yezvirimwa zviripo mumapurazi, mutengo wekutengesa, uye kuwanda kwekutumira. Iyi data ichave yakagadzirirwa kubatsira maketani kuvaka mapurani ekutenga ayo anoteerera zvido zvemapato ese. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti chii chichauya cheizvi mukuita. Iyo michina haisati yanyatsofungidzirwa kunze uye inomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda.
Aleksey Krasilnikov anosimbisa kuti ruzivo rwunorongedzerwa kuti ruitwe pachena ndeyezvokutengeserana zvakavanzika, uye kwete purazi rega roga rakagadzirira kushambadzirwa kwakadai. Asi Bazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation riri kushanda pamhando dzakasiyana dzealgorithms kuitira kufarira kwevarimi vekurima mukupa ruzivo urwu.
Nekudaro, varimi vekurima ivo pachavo vanoratidza kusahadzika kuti zvitoro zvekutengesa panguva ino vakagadzirira chaizvo kuvaona sevamwe vakaenzana, teerera maonero avo uye vagobvumirana. Nenzira isina kunangana, kusahadzika kwavo kunosimbiswa nemaketani pachawo: semuenzaniso, pakupera kwaNyamavhuvhu, Russian grocery kambani yeX5 Retail Group, inosanganisira macheni akadai saPyaterochka, Perekrestok naKarusel, vakazivisa vezvenhau nezvehurongwa hwayo hwekuwedzera huwandu hwekupinza kubva 3% kusvika 10%. Sekureva kwaIgor Shekhterman, CEO weX5, "kuendesa kunze kunovandudza mamiriro ekutenga, kunatsiridza mhando yezvinhu uye kudzora njodzi yekukanganiswa kwekupa."
Kutsvagisa kuri kuendererawo kune dzimwe nzira dzekumisidzana; munaGunyana, misangano yakawanda yekushanda yevamiriri vebazi rezvekurima, iyo Federal Antimonopoly Service, maindasitiri emubatanidzwa uye enetwork network ichaitirwa, uko musoro uyu uchasimudzwa.
Panguva ino, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti nhaurirano yemamiriro ezvinhu pamwe nemhedzisiro yawo haigone kutungamira kune kurambidzwa kwakanyanya pakutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika. Varimi pachavo havafarire izvi futi. Sekutsanangura kwaSergey Filippov, "chero kurambidzwa hakuchisiri musika."
Asi panguva imwecheteyo, vamiririri veindasitiri vanotarisira kuti ngetani dzekutengesa hadzizodzokorodza ruzivo rwemwaka wadarika, uye vanovimba nekutarisisa mamiriro ezvinhu nehurumende. Sekureva kwaAleksey Krasilnikov, iko kuita kwecheni yekutengesa inoshanda sekupinza zvigadzirwa zvinogadzira kudzikisira kwehukama hwepamusika uye inofanirwa kudzorwa neiyo antimonopoly sevhisi.
Kana zviri zvekurudziro kune chaiwo vagadziri, ivo havatombodaidzwa kunzi isingatarisirwe Chinzvimbo chePotato Union panhau iyi chakaramba chisina kushanduka kwemakore mazhinji: mabhizimusi ekurima anofanira kubhadhara zvakanyanya kunaka kweiyo chigadzirwa chakakura uye funga nezve mukana wekushongedza mapurazi nemitsara yekugadzirira presale nekugadzirisa mbatatisi, nekuti ramangwana reindasitiri iri zvechokwadi ndere idzi nzvimbo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sarudzo yebhizinesi nzira yegore rega rega, sepakutanga, inoramba iine bhizimusi pachayo.