Mune ongororo nyowani yehukama hwekudyidzana pakati peblack scab-inokonzeresa fungi uye nematodes, vesaenzi vakaita zvisingatarisirwi kuwanikwa.
Kugadzirwa kwekukwirira kwakawanda uye yemhando yepamusoro mbesa zvirimwa (Solanum tuberosum L.) ibasa rakaoma rinoda kutariswa kwakawanda, kusanganisira akasiyana, ivhu parameter, kunaya uye maitiro ekurima.
Uye zvakare, zvisikwa zvevhu senge fungal marudzi, zvipembenene uye mabhakitiriya anogona pachena kukurudzira kukura kwechirimwa chembatatisi zvichienderana nezvavanofarira pakudya.
Iko kuomarara kwekudyidzana kwemarudzi mazhinji aripo muvhu uye chirimwa chakarimwa kuchiri kushoma kudzidza. Chikwata chemasayendisiti kubva kuSweden University yeAgriculture Sayenzi chakaongorora kudyidzana kwenguva pfupi pakati pematodes anotapukira iyo mbatatisi midzi Rhizoctonia solanikukonzera rhizoctonia.
Iko kudyidzana kwakadzidzwa pamiti yemapatata yakakura muhari pasi pemamiriro akadzora. Mune miedzo miviri yakafanana, mubatanidzwa wakasiyana wematodes uye fungal mycelium yakawedzerwa muhari katatu; pakumhara, mushure memazuva gumi nemana uye mushure memazuva makumi maviri nemasere.
Nematode anoderedza midzi biomass, uye musanganiswa wematodes uye R.solani kwakatungamira mukudzikira kwegoho rema tubers mune zvese zviedzo, asi kudyidzana kwanga kusiri kubatana. Mukupesana, huwandu hwezvironda muchimiro chemaronda emadzinde wakadzikiswa pamberi pematodes zvichienzaniswa neR. Solani kurapwa chete.
Masayendisiti anoziva zvishoma nezve synergy iri pakati pehutachiona hwehutachiona uye maparasiti nematodes
Dyara maparasiti nematodes, anoverengera zvikamu gumi nezvishanu kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwese hunonzi nematode, hunowanikwa muivhu pasirese uye hutachiona hutachiona mune zvekurima. Ivo vane akasiyana siyana ehondo, kusanganisira mbatatisi, uye inofamba mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwese kutenderera, kungave muvhu (ectoparasites) kana mumidzi (endoparasites).
Mupiro wezvirimwa zvipuka zvinokonzeresa kurashika kwezvirimwa zvingangotarisirwa pasi nekuti zviratidzo zvemuchadenga kana zvishuwo zvisina kujairika hazviwanzo kuoneka muchirimwa chose zvacho.
Nekudaro, midzi nematode (endoparasitic yemahara-inorarama nematodes) inogona kudzora goho re tuber ne12% kana kupfuura kana ichiteverwa nehutachiona hwechipiri nefungus nemabhakitiriya.
Zvinotendwa kuti maparasiti nematodes anogona zvakare kukanganisa kukura kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvimwe zvevhu zvipuka, synergistically ichiwedzera mhedzisiro yehutachiona hwehutachiona.
Semuenzaniso, nematodes anogona kupindura kune exudates kubva kune zvinomera zvakakanganiswa nefungus, kana iyo fungus inogona kupinda maturosi emiti kuburikidza nemaronda anokonzerwa nekudyara kumatatode.
Fungal pathogen R.solani inokonzera stem ulcers, dema maruva kana misshapen tubers, pakati pezvimwe zviratidzo senge gobvu, senzou-ganda uye kutsemuka.
Iyo fungus inogona kurarama pane zvisaririra zvezvirimwa muvhu kana kutakurwa nembeu kana iri pane tubers se sclerotia (dema rinotumbuka).
MuSweden minda yemazamu nekuvapo kwevhu R. Solani huvepo hukuru hwematodes hwakaonekwa, asi izvi zvinhu zviviri hazvina kunyatsotariswa.
Inowanzo gamuchirwa kuti nematodes anotapukira midzi Pratylenchus envranrans inokanganisa maitiro R.solanizvinokanganisa kukohwa.
Dzimwe mhando dzematodes dzinofambidzana ne R.solaniari, pakati pevamwe, cyst-inogadzira mbatatisi nematode Globalbodera rostochiensis и Globodera pallida.
Iyo nguva yekuburitswa kwechirimwa kune pathogen uye nematode, pamwe nedanho rekusimudzira remushanyi chirimwa, zvakakosha mukudyidzana pakati pezvisikwa uye kuomarara kwechirwere chemuenzi.
Izvo zvenguva maficha ekuratidzira uye kubata nekuda kwekusimukira kwezvirimwa zvakare hazvinzwisisike, kunyangwe paine zvidzidzo zvinoenzanisira kugona kweakasiyana.
Mune kuyedza uku, zvaifungidzirwa kuti kusanganiswa kwemasvomhu-maparasi nematodes uye R. Solani inotungamira kune akanyanya maronda e ulcerative pane madzinde uye stolons, zvinokonzeresa kudzikira kwenhamba uye mhando yematubhu nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hweblack plaque uye zvimwe zviratidzo.
Mhando mbiri dzematode inoculum dzakashandiswa pakuedza; mukuyedza 1 - nharaunda izere yematodes, umo nematodes ane midzi yekukuvara akatungamira, kunyanya P. crenatus, uye mukuyedza 2 - yakachena tsika yematode P. Crenatus.
Kuwedzera midzi-inobata nematodes uye R.solani yakave nemhedzisiro pamiti yematatisi mune ingangoita mishonga yese
Dzidziso mbiri idzi dzakasimbiswa sezvo masayendisiti akawana kuti kusangana kwematodes uye R.solani uye kuti iyo nguva yekuchinjisa yakakonzera kusimba kwekukuvara nezvose zviri zviviri fungus nematatode.
Nekudaro, zvinopesana nekufungidzira kwekubatana, vesaenzi vakaona kuti mhando yematubhu uye kukuvara kwefungus pamuti zvaisatsamira pakuvepo kwematodes isati yadzikwa nefungus.
Kuomarara kweiyo stem ulcer haina kuwedzera pamberi pematodes. Uyezve, iyo ulcer yaive yakatonyanya kusanyanya kana nematodes akawedzerwa pamwe chete nefungus.
Dyara zvipembenene nematodes zvakaderedza huwandu hwemadzinde emaronda pane kuita kuti awedzere, uye nematodes haina kukanganisa maronda efungal pane stolons kana tubers sezvaitarisirwa.
Imwe tsananguro inogona kuitika ndeyekuti nematodes anoshandisa nzira dzekudzivirira mumiti yematatari nenzira imwechete iyo midzi nematodes inogona kukonzera nzira dzekudzivirira mumatato, masayendisiti akataura.
“Zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise nekuyera kukura kwehukama huripo pakati pehutachiona hwekudzivirira chirwere kuburikidza nemaitiro akakodzera ekurapa Naizvozvo, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunodiwa kugadzirisa nyaya idzi. Zvatinowana zvikuru ndezvekuti gohwo rinokanganiswa nekumuka panguva imwe chete kwemidzi-inotapukira nematodes uye R.solaniuye iyo nematodes inogona kudyidzana nemuti wembatatisi, zvichikonzera mashoma masonda maronda. Mhedzisiro yedu inoratidza kukosha kwekuongorora kuvepo kwematodes mumunda kuti vakwanise kugadzira nzira dzekuchengetedza dzekugadzira mbatatisi. Kutenderera zvirimwa neanosvika makore mana asina mbatatisi uye mimwe miitiro yekurima inogona kubatsira mukuderedza huwandu hwevanhu R.solani mumunda, pamwe nekukosheswa kwezvirimwa zvakarimwa munguva isina mbatatisi zvinokanganisa midzi nematodes, "masayendisiti akapfupisa chinyorwa chavo chesainzi chakaburitswa padhoo www.mdpi.com.
Verenga zvakawanda: https://www.agroxxi.ru