Iyo Federal Scientific uye technical Chirongwa cheBudiriro Yezvekurima ye2017--2025 (pano ichinzi FNTP) inoraira vatambi vayo kuti vagadzire makwikwi emhando uye mahybridi eiyo sarudzo yemumba.
Kunze kwezviyo nezvimwe zvirimwa zvakati wandei, marudzi epamba achiri asina kusimba kana kazhinji asingakwikwidzane nevekunze. Varimi vekumba varimi vanosarudza chinodhura, asi chakavimbika chigadzirwa kubva kune vanozivikanwa vagadziri - vatungamiriri venyika muindastiri. Pamusoro pazvo, Bhaibheri rinoti: "Unodzvara zvishoma, unokohwa zvishoma; unodzvara zvizhinji, uchakohwawo zvizhinji".
Uye vatungamiriri venyika veindasitiri, ukuwo, vari kushingairira kuwedzera yavo yatoverengeka kugona kwezvemari uye tekinoroji kuburikidza nekubatana kunozivikanwa uye kuwanikwa. Nesimba risingaperi rezvemari, ivo vanoshingairira kukanganisa musika wemhando dzakasiyana uye mahybrids muRussia. Uye havasi kuzoisiya zvakadaro.
Nekudaro, Russia inogona uye inofanirwa kutamba chinzvimbo cheanoshanda mutambi mumusika wepasirese wembeu, achisarudza mbeu ipi inobatsira kugadzira (uko isu tine mageneti akanaka, marudzi akasimba nemahybrids), uye tozvitengesa kupasi, zvakare, uye kwete zviyo chete.
Musiyano wakakura pakati pekuvandudzwa nekuitwa kwezviwanikwa zvekupfuya sainzi mukugadzirwa chaiko inoramba iri chipingamupinyi chakakomba chekupinda pasirese yepasi. Simba rekushandisa reFNTP rinomiririrwa nemasangano ekutsvagisa makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemasere makuru makumi maviri nemasere ekutsvagisa e Ministry of Science yeRussia, masangano makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe muhurongwa hweBazi rezvekurima reRussia, maindasitiri makumi mashanu nemaindasitiri, makumi maviri nemasere ezvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi. Nekudaro, parizvino, masangano esainzi nemayunivhesiti ezvekurima anowanzo shanda asina hanya nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvemusika, uye mafomu ekubatanidzwa kwavo mukugadzirwa chaiko haaenderane nematambudziko azvino.
Naizvozvo, kugadzirwa kwemamiriro ehupfumi pamwe nehupfumi hwekusimudzira kusimudzira kwemusika wembeu yekumba uye kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzekutonga kwayo hazvigoneke pasina kutora bhizinesi. Ehe, iyo hurumende yeRussia inotarisisa kune yakanangana nerubatsiro kune indasitiri inovavarira kukwezva mari yega. Muna 2016-2017, angangoita mamirioni mazana matatu emaRubles akagoverwa nzvimbo dzekudyara mbeu. Uye zvakare, rubatsiro rwekugadzirwa kwembeu mbatatisi, mhodzi dzeminda yekuvhura miriwo, chibage, shuga beet uye sunflowers zvinochengetwa. 300 bhiriyoni akagovaniswa izvi zvinangwa. Asi mari idzi dzakapihwa kubva kubhajeti rehurumende dzakaenzana nemabhajeti emakambani epasi rose?
Chiitiko chepasirese chinoratidza kuti mune hupfumi hwepamusika hazvisi zvechokwadi kuvimba chete nemari yemari. Kunyangwe kana nyika ikawana imwe yemari inodiwa, hapana chokwadi nezve mashandisiro avo akanaka. Pane imwe chete nzira yekubuda. Izvo zvinodikanwa kukwezva yakavanzika capital. Chete mushure mekusvetuka kubva kune tsono yehurumende mari, kubereka kweRussia kunozomira kushanda zvisina basa.
MuGerman, iyo nyika inopa mari chete sainzi yekutanga, nepo kushandiswa kwekutsvagisa kuchibhadharwa zvakavanzika. Kubereka, kuve pamharadzano yesainzi uye yakashandiswa sainzi, ibhizimusi rinobatsira kwazvo, rinofarira kutanga kuitiswa kwekutanga kwesainzi yesainzi. Asi izvi zvaisave nguva dzose uye kwete kwese kuGerman. Vatungamiriri veGDR vakaedza kuteedzera zvakanakira ruzivo rweUSSR, kusanganisira pakuronga sarudzo uye yekugadzira mhodzi. Mushure mekubatanidzwa kwenyika, masangano ekuberekesa ehurumende akaiswa pachivande, uye kugona kwavo kwakasiyana kwakadzokororwa. Mushure mezvose, yega yega isingazivikanwe mhando inokandirwa kure, iyo pachayo iri risingakwanisike yemhando yepamusoro kune vanoshingairira maGerman. Mimwe yemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiiwa kuti "vararame kwemazuva avo" pamwechete ne "varimi vese" vakajaira. Uye marudzi ari kunyanya kuvimbisa pamusika mutsva atanga kuziviswa muchigadzirwa mukuenderana nematanho "ekumadokero".
Kuti upinde pasi rose, kubereka kweRussia kunofanirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko akafanana mune imwe nzira kana imwe. Pasi rese, kugadzirwa kwemhando nyowani kunobhadhara kuburikidza nekuunganidzwa kwemitero. Kana mhando yakasikwa ikasashandiswa, hapana humambo. Iko hakuna chekugadzira mhando nyowani. Imba yemhepo mweya, pasina iko kuberekesa kunongozarirwa, hwaro hwekubudirira kubereka uye hwakasimba (ndingatoti - zvakaomarara) zvakavakirwa mukugadzirwa chaiko kwekuberekesa. Zvinotaridza kuti muFederal Breeders Union yeGerman (BDP) vanhu makumi maviri chete ndivo vane chinangwa chekutora mvumo yekushandisa mbeu dzakapupurirwa uye "papurazi", dzakabatana muchimiro chakanyatsogadzirirwa izvi zvinangwa - STV ine bhajeti regore remamiriyoni emamiriyoni e20 (3 % yesangano). Iyi inonzi nzira ine mutoro yekubhadharisa mari yekuzadza uye kuunzwa kwemhando dzakasiyana mukutenderera kwekutengesa
FNTP inopa kuumbwa kwezviyero zvekukurudzira kune vayo vatori vechikamu, izvo zvinofanirwa kubatsira mukuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kwevanogadzira zvekurima pakushandisa matekinoroji epamba uye zvigadzirwa. Izvo zvakarongwa kuita zviitiko zvakanangana nekuchinjisa zvesainzi uye zvehunyanzvi mhedzisiro mukushandisa chaiko. Asi shanduko iyi mukushandisa chaiko ichaitika sei? Uye sei vasina kuendesa kare? Chaizvoizvo pakanga pasina mhando dzakanaka? Pakanga paine! Uye hazvina kukwana! Asi ivo vakakura zvakanyanya muHurumende Rejista, uye kwete muminda. Iko kune zvakakomba kunetseka kuti mamiriro acho anozozvidzokorora pachawo.
Sei? Chekutanga pane zvese, nekuti munyika hapana zviripo zvemazuva ano zvemitemo uye zvemitemo zvekusarudza uye kugadzirwa kwembeu. Iyo "test tube kubhegi" nzira izere nezvipingamupinyi zvinotyisa kunyangwe kune vane mari zvakanyanya. Makomba ari mundima yepamutemo anofanira kugadziriswa nekukurumidza. Zvikasadaro, mari dzese (uye iyo FNTP inoreva kubhadharwa kwemapurojekiti ezvirongwa muzvirimwa nebhizimusi uye kubva mubhajeti remubatanidzwa muzvikamu zvakaenzana) hazvizopa zvinotarisirwa.
Bhaibheri rinoti: “... Uye hapana unoisa waini itsva muhombodo tsaru dzewaini; kana zvikasadaro waini itsva ichatsemura hombodo dzewaini, ichipararira yoga, hombodo dzikarasika; asi waini itsva inofanira kuiswa muhombodo itsva dzewaini; ipapo vaviri vachaponeswa.
Kubvunza kuti mutemo mutsva wekugadzirwa kwembeu uchazotambiswa riinhi neimwe nzira. Asi kunyangwe ikasashayika panguva yekugamuchirwa, haizogadzirise matambudziko ese. Tinoda pasuru yakazara yemitemo inoenderana neyemitemo inodzora kuchengetedzwa kwekopiraiti pakuberekesa kubudirira, kurwisa kunyepedzera, kugadzira nzvimbo dzakasimwa dzembeu, kugadzirisa maitiro ekuyedza kwakasiyana siyana uye kunyoreswa kwemarudzi, kugadzirisa chirongwa chechitupa, maitiro ekuchinjana mbeu uye kudyara zvinhu zvekutsvagisa, kusimbisa kudzora Zvemukati meGMOs, kutarisira hutachiona, nezvimwewo.
Bazi rezvekurima rinozvinzwisisa izvi, uye rondedzero yeshanduko inodiwa, kuwedzerwa uye kubviswa kwatoitwa kare. Asi urwu rwungori runyorwa, uye inguvai yakawanda yekuwedzera inodikanwa kugadzirira aya ese magwaro, kuakurukura, kuramba, kudzokorora, "kuturika", nezvimwe. nezvimwewo? Ndiani, rini uye sei izvi zvichaitwa?
Pasi rese, mibatanidzwa yemabhizimusi inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa uye kusimudzirwa kwemitemo nemirau pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwenyanzvi dzakabhadharwa uye vanokwezva. Izvo zvinokurumidza kuwana mari inodiwa uye "sunga" iri basa! Hapana nguva yasara yekuvaka, uye hapana "makwati" akagadzirira kumirira nemoyo wese "mukadzi akanaka" - kusarudzwa kweRussia, pakupedzisira, kuzviratidza kune nyika mukubwinya kwayo kose, pakati pevakwikwidzi vedu mumusika wepasi rose wembeu, maiwe, hapana anoonekwa.
Nenzira, mu1945, apo iyo BDP yakasikwa muHannover inogarwa nevabatsiri, kwaigona kusave nemubvunzo wechero hupfumi hwezvinhu uye hwaro hwehunyanzvi, simba remari uye kukwikwidza kwesarudzo yeGerman. Vaberekesi veGerman vakabva vabatana kwete vachipesana nembeu dzenyika dzinokunda, asi kuti pamwe chete vagadzire hwaro hwezvisungo zviri pamutemo zvekusika nekukurumidza uye kupinza mukugadzirwa kwemhando dzinobereka kwazvo. Uye ivo vakagadzira nekuishandisa ivo vasina kubvunza nyika chero pfenning uye vasina kunyunyuta zvisina maturo nezve iyo yakaparadzwa sisitimu yekusarudzika uye kugadzirwa kwembeu. Makambani madiki (kazhinji emhuri) uye ari pakati nepakati - hwaro hwekuberekesa kweGerman, vakakwanisa kumuka kubva kumadota epashure pehondo ndokuenda padanho repasi munguva pfupi.
Kuedza kunoitwa nemasangano akazvimiririra eRussia kuumba hwaro hwepamutemo hwavanoda kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakakamukana, uye nekudaro hakunyatso kushanda. Zvinoratidzika sezvakanaka kusanganisa kuyedza pasi pechisungo cheimwe yemubatanidzwa (yakanyanya "meno") kana mukati mehurongwa hweboka rinoshanda. Mhedzisiro mhedzisiro yakakosha pane kuda chinzvimbo. Ini zvakare ndinofunga kuti danho rakadai rinowana kunzwisisana pakati pevechidiki ma minister (wezvekurima nesainzi) pamwe nemutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wehurumende.
Kuitwa kweFNTP na2025 kunofanira kudzikisa njodzi mumunda wekuchengetedza chikafu nekudzora mugove wezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa matekinoroji ekunze kubva kune mhodzi dzekunze uye zvinhu zvekuberekesa. Rega ndimbokuyeuchidza kuti FNTP yakagadziriswa ichiteedzera Presidential Chirevo Nha. 350 "Pamatanho ekumisikidza nyika yesainzi nehunyanzvi mutemo mukuda kwekusimudzira kwekurima." Uye, sezvamunoziva, Mutungamiri wedu akanyatso uye anoshanda anodzora kuitiswa kwemitemo yake. Naizvozvo, hapana mubvunzo kuti ekupedzisira tarisiro zviratidzo zveFNTP zvichasangana.
Iko kune muyedzo mukuru wekuzadzisa izvi nenzira dzehutungamiriri chete. Semuenzaniso, kuburikidza nemutemo wakasarudzika weiyo reshiyo yemamwe marudzi uye epamba mhando muHurumende Rejista. Asi hazviite kuti hombe dzekuRussia dzekurima dzinobvumirana nekumisikidzwa kwemutemo "wakaringana" pamusoro pavo, zvichivashaisa mukana wesarudzo yemahara uye inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, tenda Mwari, wehupfumi hwakatowedzerwa pamusika. Chinangwa chebhizinesi ndechekuita purofiti, uye kwete kuona "nyika" yesarudzo yekubudirira. Pfungwa ye "shamwari kana muvengi", yakakwenenzverwa mumahofisi epamusoro, haina basa kune chero munhu ari muminda umo chiyero chemutengo uye mhando chakanyanya kukosha.
Zvakare, nzira pfupi-yekuona yakadaro inozotungamira mukudzikiswa kwekushandira pamwe kwepasirese mumunda wekuberekesa, uyo kubvira kare wakawana hunhu hwepasirose pasirese. Uye ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru mukusimudzira kwayo kukurumidza.
Hongu, kuwedzera kwezvirango uye kupokana nezvirango hazvibatsire mukusimudzira kudyidzana kwenyika dzese, kusanganisira mumunda wekuberekesa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mumwe aigara achinzwa kushoropodzwa kune vekudyidzana vekuMadokero nekuda kwenzira imwechete yekudyidzana, yakanangana nekuburitsa mbeu nehunyanzvi hwehukama kuRussia. Uye mhando dzemakwikwi eRussia nemhando dzakauchikwa zvinonzi hazvibvumidzwe kupinda mumisika yeEurope, zvine chekuita nekuvandudzwa kwemagirazi ekupindura zvinofungidzirwa zvisina musoro. Pane zvekare zvinetsekana pamusoro pekugumiswa kunogona kuitika (pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva mhiri kwemakungwa) kwekutakurwa kubva kuEurope kuenda kuRussia yembeu dzezvirimwa zvinoenderana zvakanyanya.
Asi, ndiregerere, iRussia inorambidza kupinza zvigadzirwa zveWestern zvekurima, uye kwete zvinopesana. Europe iri kutogomera kubva kuRussia chikafu chinorambidzwa (kurasikirwa kwegore - kusvika kumadhora masere zviuru zvitatu nemazana matatu!) Kupawo musika wembeu zvakare. Germany haina kubvuma mu "Nord Stream - 8,3", kunyangwe hazvo kumanikidza kukuru kubva mhiri kwemakungwa. Uyezve, hapana munhu munyika medu akaedza kupinda mumisika yeEurope achitevedzera nzira dzinodiwa uye dzakaenzana kune ese asiri EU nyika kuti awane chinzvimbo chekuenzana kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuyedza uye zvitupa masisitimu.
Maitiro ekuwana chinzvimbo chekuenzana akaunzwa neDhivhosi Dhipatimendi reFederal Republic yeGerman (nerubatsiro rweiyo Kubatanidzwa Project "ChiGerman-Russian Agrarian-Political Dialogue") pakutanga All-Russian Munda Zuva muAltai Territory mu2016. Zvisinei, "zvinhu zvichiripo." Zvichakadaro, iyo yakakodzera komisheni yeEU iri kutotarisa mafomu ekuti uwane chinzvimbo chekuenzana muzvirimwa kubva kuUkraine, Moldova nedzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka.
Kana ichitora danho rekupedzisira pakupa chinzvimbo chakaenzana, Komisheni inofanirwa kukumbira zviri pamutemo pfungwa yenyika irinokumbira kubva kuEuropean Seed Association (ESA). Iyo BDP inhengo yakakosha yeESA uye inoshingairira kutora chikamu mukuvandudza zvikumbiro zvine chekuita neESA kuEU Commission. Nekuda kwekuvandudza kudyidzana kwenyika mbiri mumunda wekubereka uye kugadzirwa kwembeu, uye nekutungamirwa nemweya wekudyidzana, iyo BDP inoratidzira kugadzirira kwayo kutsigira inoenderana kushanda kweRussia kuEU. Vaberekesi veGerman vanofarira kugadzira yepasi rose inokwikwidza kubereka uye yekugadzira mhodzi sisitimu muRussia. Bvumiranai, zvirinani kukwikwidza zvakaenzana pane kutya kuti mukwikwidzi asina kusimba anozoshandisa nzira dzisiri dzemusika uye kumirira kuunzwa matanho anodzivirira padanho rehurumende.
BDP, pamwe neNational Union of Breeders neSeed Breeders (NSSiS), vakagadzira zvirevo zvekusimudzira kudyidzana kweGerman neRussia mumunda wekuuchika kwezvirimwa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu. Zvinosanganisira matanho ekutanga, pasina izvo kufambira mberi kwekubereka kweRussia mune ramangwana rakajeka zvisingaite. Zvinoti:
- kuvandudza uye kuita mamwe matanho ekuwedzera kukwezva kwekudyara kwekuvandudza kwekuberekesa pahwaro hwehukama hweruzhinji-hwakazvimiririra uye hupfumi;
- kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero yekwaniso yekubereka;
- kugadzirisa masisitimu ehurumende kuyedza uye kunyoresa marudzi;
- kugadzirisa mashandiro ekupinza kunze kwenyika zvinangwa zvekutsvaga;
- ichipa iyo Russian Federation chinzvimbo chekuenzana kune iyo EU nyika dzakasiyana kuyedza system;
- kuenderera mberi kwekubatanidzwa kweRussian Federation kupinda mune yepasirese mbeu chitupa sisitimu;
- kukurudzira kupinda kwemasangano emabhizimusi eRussia mumasangano epasirese evarimi nevarimi vembeu;
- kugadzirisa mashandiro ekudyidzana pakati peNPPOs dzenyika mbiri;
- kushandiswa kwezviitiko zvakanaka zvekune dzimwe nyika mukuvandudzwa kwemaitiro epamba anodiwa pakuitwa kwechibvumirano cheNhengo dzeMubatanidzwa eEurasian Economic Union pakutenderera kwembeu yemiti yekurima;
- kumisikidza kwekubatana kwekubereka pamwe nekuuchika mbeu zvirongwa zvichienderana nezviripo zviripo zvemahofisi ematunhu eNSSiS neRussia mamiriro ekutsvagisa.
Nehurombo, kusvika parizvino kuyedza kubatanidza hushumiri nemadhipatimendi enyika mbiri mukuitwa kwezvikumbiro nenzira yechirongwa chakatenderwa kana gwara remugwagwa hazvina kubudirira. Sezviri pachena, munhu wese anogutsikana nehurongwa huripo hwekutonga hwekushandira pamwe - iyo Joint Chirevo chemakurukota maviri nezvezvinangwa mumunda wekuberekesa uye kugadzirwa kwembeu kubva muna2013.
Iri gwaro rehurongwa pasina mubvunzo rakabata basa rakanaka. Pasi pemubatanidzwa weiyo Kubatanidzwa Project "ChiGerman-Russian Agrarian-Political Dialogue" zviitiko zvakati zvakaitwa nekutora chikamu kwevamiriri vemitemo nevatungamiriri venyika mbiri idzi, mibatanidzwa yemabhizimusi. Zvibvumirano zvakakosha musimboti zvakazadzikiswa munzvimbo huru dzebasa kuti vabatsirike nevagadziri vembeu muRussia neGerman. Panguva imwecheteyo, tsika yekushanda mukati mehurongwa hwe Joint Chirevo cheChinangwa yakaratidza kuti dzakawanda vavariro dzakaramba dzakadaro. Naizvozvo, chakasimba chinotarisirwa chinodikanwa nechiratidzo chevatariri vane mutoro, mazwi uye mafomu ekuuraya.
Sezvauri kuona, kune yakawanda yakaoma asi inonakidza basa kumberi! Ini ndoda kushuvira isu tese kubudirira mazviri!
Sergey Platonov, http://agro-max.ru