Sekureva kweBazi rezvekurima reRussian Federation, muna 2022, chikamu chakarongeka chakakohwa matani 7,23 miriyoni embatatisi. Zvichienderana nekufanotaura kwematunhu ematunhu eiyo agro-industrial complex, zvakarongwa kuwana 152 zviuru matani emachubhu zvishoma. Pane humbowo hwekuti chirongwa chakapfuurwa, asi mumamiriro azvino izvi zvakatowedzera kuipa kune varimi vembatatisi.
Kubva patariro kusvika pakupererwa
Mitengo yakakwira yegoho ra2021 uye purofiti yakanaka zvichibva pamhedzisiro yayo yakasundira varimi vekuRussia mbatatisi kuti vatore danho rekuwedzera nzvimbo iri pasi pechirimwa nemahekita zviuru makumi matatu. Uye mwaka mutsva wakavimbisa kuva zvechokwadi rekodhi-kutyora kwavari.
"Chirongwa chekugadzira mbatatisi muna 2022 chakazadzikiswa ne102 muzana," anodaro director director weUnion of Potato uye Vegetable Market Participants (Potato Union) Alexey Krasilnikov. – Kana tikafunga nezvegoho reavhareji mumakore mashoma apfuura (matani 24-25 pahekita), goho rose rinogona kusvika matani mamiriyoni manomwe nemazana mana. Asi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda, vagadziri vekurima vakapedza mwaka nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya.
"Gore rapfuura rakava rakaoma kuvarimi vembatatisi nemiriwo," anosimbisa mukuru wepurazi revarimi reSverdlovsk. Andrey Aymetov. “Fetereza takaitenga pachine nguva, takaisa mari yezviya zvenguva yemberi muchando, uye kuuchika mbatatisi. Vakaita zvese nemazvo, zvine hungwaru, vakaisa mari yakawanda vachitarisira kuti mwaka waizova wakanaka. Asi pakupedzisira vakangorasa mari.
Kunyangwe padanho reRussia yese zvaikwanisika kuchera mbatatisi munzvimbo ye282,6 zviuru mahekita, kana 94 muzana yezvakadyarwa, kurasikirwa kwakakosha. Munzvimbo dzinoverengeka, kusanganisira Tula, Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Orenburg, Ryazan, Kirov matunhu, Transbaikal uye Primorsky matunhu, iyo Republics of Mari El, Mordovia, Chuvashia, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Khakassia uye Komi. 11 kusvika ku48 muzana yegoho.
Asi kutoodzwa mwoyo kukuru kwakamirira varimi pavakatanga kutengesa zvinhu zvavo. Market oversaturation, makwikwi anotyisa, mitengo yakadzikira kusvika padiki nhanho, kushaikwa kwekuda - zvese izvi zvakanyima vagadziri mukana wekuvhara mwaka nepurofiti inotarisirwa.
Pane mamiriro okunze akaipa here?
Matambudziko ekurima mbatatisi aisagona kufanotaurwa kana kudziviswa.
Kutonhora kwenguva refu kwechirimo nekusanaya kwechirimo kwakaunza matambudziko mazhinji kuvarimi vembatatisi, semugumisiro wekuti goho rakaderera zvakanyanya uye kunaka kwemachubhu kwakatambura.
"Mushure mekuoma kwechirimo cha2021, Chikunguru naNyamavhuvhu 2022 zvakava zvishoma maererano nekunaya kwemvura," anobvuma Alexey Mikheev, Mutevedzeri Mukuru weMukuru weKukura kweChirimwa chepurazi reKrasny Mayak rakavakirwa paYaroslavl. “Ndosaka bhizinesi redu risina kusvika padanho regoho; mbatatisi dzainge dzisina hunyoro hwakakwana. Uye nekuda kwemwaka unononoka wekukura, ma tubers haana kukwanisa kuumba ganda rakasimba zvakakwana. Muchirimo, pane zvinopesana, hunyoro hwepamusoro hwakanyorwa. Pakanga pasara mapundu makuru akawanda muvhu, izvo zvakakonzera kukuvara kwembatatisi panguva yokukohwa.
"Pakutanga kwezhizha, takanga tichiri kunaya," mukuru wepurazi revarimi reNovgorod, Alexander Alekseev, anogovera ruzivo rwake, "asi kubva pakupera kwaChikunguru kusvika Gunyana hakuna kunaya zvachose. Zvishandiso papurazi rangu hazvisi zvemazuva ano, mamwe machina anobva kuSoviet nguva, uye hazvibviri kudyara machubhu akadzika. Kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zviviri izvi kwakakonzera kuti mbatatisi dzakatambura nekusanaya kwevhu uye dzakazvarwa dziri diki.
"Nekuda kwekunaya kweJune, kusvika ku25-30 machubhu pagwenzi akaumbwa muminda yedu," anotsanangura kudaro Andrey Aimetov. “Asi mukati menguva yokukura kwavo, apo kupisa kwakanga kuri 30-40 madhigirii, hapana donhwe remvura rakanaya. Saka takawana mbatatisi dzakawanda nehupamhi hwe40 kusvika ku50 mm. Panguva yekukohwa, machubhu akakuvadzwa nemichina, nekuti panguva iyi ivhu rakaramba rakaoma sedombo.
“Purazi redu rave richigadzira mbatatisi kwenguva refu,” anodaro agronomist wepapurazi revarimi reTver Saratov A.V. Evgeniy Saratov. "Asi mundangariro dzedu hakuna kumbove nekucheneswa kwakadai muna 2022." Mukuwedzera kune chokwadi chokuti ivhu rakanga rakanyanyisa kusvika kune muganhu, nhamba yakawanda yemapundu yakaumbwa, iyo, pamwe chete ne tubers, yakapinda mukuchengetedza. Asi pane tsananguro yeizvi. Takadyara mbatatisi muchirimo chakaoma, chinotonhora ivhu risati rava nenguva yokukura.
Rimwe bhuku rakasiyana rinogona kupihwa kuchenesa mwaka wa2022.
Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze akaunzwa mumatunhu gumi nematanhatu enyika,” anodaro Alexey Krasilnikov. - Pakati pavo paive nevatungamiriri vanozivikanwa mukugadzira mbatatisi. Saka, nekuda kwekuyerera kwevhu mukati mekukohwa, mamiriro ekukurumidzira akagadzirwa munzvimbo dzeTula, Belgorod, Oryol, Lipetsk, Ryazan, Penza, Voronezh, Tambov, Kursk neBryansk.
MunaSeptember naOctober, varimi vakawanda vakangotadza kupinda mumunda, sezvo mvura haina kumbomira kwemavhiki. Nhanho yebasa yakaderedzwa zvikuru, nguva yakarasika, uye somugumisiro, minda yakanga isina kukohwewa chando chisati chafukidzwa nesinou.
Yese sirivha lining
Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika munyika akonzera kukwira kwemitengo yezvinhu zvakawanda nemabasa, izvo zvave kukanganisa kudhura kwebasa rekurima. Mukuwedzera, kukanganisa kwakakomba kwakaitika mukushanda kwezvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvakanaka.
Vafambisi vekuMadokero vakaramba kuendesa zvinhu kuRussia, uye pakanga paine matambudziko nekutakura ngarava uye njanji. Vazhinji vaifanira kuendesa zvinhu kune mota yekufambisa, asi kushomeka kwayo hakuna kuvabvumira kusangana nenguva pfupi.
“Kunonoka kupihwa kwemichina uye masipatsi kwaida kupindira kwevakuru vehurumende,” anodaro Alexey Krasilnikov. “Mushure meizvi, vatengesi vemudzimba vakaedza nepavanogona napo kuti varimi vawanike ma<i>spare parts nekudzivirira kuderera kwebasa ravo. Uye apo mutengo wefotereza yezvicherwa wakakwira nezvikamu zvingada kuita makumi mashanu kubva muzana, nerubatsiro rwebazi rezvemaindasitiri nekutengeserana pamwe nebazi rezvekurima, kukwira kwemitengo kwakamiswa.
Zvisinei nekuomerwa kwese, mumwaka wapfuura, varimi vakakwanisa kutenga michina mikuru yekurima, yemumba neyekunze. Izvo hazvisati zvaita kugutsa zvizere kudiwa, uye kune chiverengero chezvinhu, semuenzaniso, kune masanganiswa ekukohwa miriwo uye mbatatisi, pane yakamirira rondedzero yemakore maviri kusvika matatu ari mberi.
“Muchirimo, ruble payakasimba, takafanobhadhara midziyo mitsva uye takatanga kuvaka imba yokuchengetera zvirimwa,” anodaro. Евгений Saratov. - Izvi zvakafambiswawo nemutengo wepamusoro wezvigadzirwa zvedu gore rakapera, izvo zvakatibvumira kuita purofiti yakanaka. Ichokwadi, muna December, apo mari yenyika yakapera, mutengo wemotokari wakakwira zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mucheki wembatatisi akawedzera mutengo nemamiriyoni mana rubles.
Kutsvaga misika
Mukati memushandirapamwe wekukohwa wa2022, huwandu hukuru hwembatatisi hwakaunganidzwa. Uye izvi zvakaita kuti zvinyanye kuomera varimi kutengesa zvirimwa zvavo.
"Pane kudikanwa kwekuita sarudzo kuderedza zvinodiwa zvemaketani ezvitoro," anotenda Alexey Krasilnikov. -Mbatatisi dzepakati-kati hadzina kuderera mumhando kune dzakakura uye dzine zvakafanana zvinobatsira uye kuravira zvivakwa. Naizvozvo, pachange paine kudiwa kwevatengi kune zvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Iyo Potato Union inoronga kuita nhaurirano nevatengesi vekuRussia nezvenyaya iyi munguva pfupi iri kutevera.
“Maererano nekuona kwangu, nhasi cheni dzinopa mbatatisi dzisingaenderane nezvadzinoda muhukuru kana hwemhando,” anodaro achishamisika. Evgeniy Saratov. - Asi chitoro chedu chetani chakaramba kugamuchira machubhu kunyangwe aine madiki madiki. Mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera kuipa pakati pematsutso, apo kwevhiki hapana chatakatengesa. Asi ipapo mumwe mutengi akaoneka akatora mbatatisi dzokuwacha nokutengesa kwakatevera, uye takakurumidza kusvika mavhoriyamu akanaka.
“Mumakore apfuura, taitumira mbatatisi nerori, uye vatengi vaimira mumutsetse,” anoyeuka kudaro Andrey Aymetov. "Asi kupera kwekupedzisira taifanira kukwikwidzana nevatinoshanda navo kubva kumatunhu eKemerovo neOmsk, kubva kwavakaunza machubhu makuru e7-8 rubles pakirogiramu. Nekutanga kuendeswa kwezvinhu zvedu kuUzbekistan, zvaiita sekuti musika wekutengesa wainge wawanikwa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, mbatatisi yakaunzwa ikoko kubva kumatunhu eSverdlovsk neChelyabinsk, somugumisiro mutengo wakadonha uye kutengesa kwakamira. Asi isu hatisi kukanda mapfumo pasi uye tinoramba tichishingairira kutsvaga vatengi vatinopa vakarongwa uye vakaiswa shanu-plus caliber tubers.
"Kubhizinesi redu, mbatatisi inokamurwa kuita zvidimbu uye inorongwa nemhando isati yatengeswa," anodaro Alexey Mikheev.- Makuru anoenda kumaketani ezvitoro, machubhu epakati-kati anoenda kune vatengesi vadiki, vatengesi, uye vanotengeswa kuburikidza nezvitoro zvavo. Pane chirongwa chakajeka, uye maererano nacho tinofanira kukwanisa kuona kukohwa kwese kusati kwapera kwechirimo.
Vasingaone kuwedzera kwemutengo, vagadziri vazhinji vakamisa kutengeswa kwembatatisi, uye kubva pakutanga kwegore idzva vanga vachinyatso tarisa mamiriro ezvinhu pamusika.
"Ndakaita mari yakanaka muna 2021," anotsanangura Alexander Alekseev, - saka ndakafunga kushandura tekinoroji yekugadzira, kutenga michina, uye kutenga mhodzi dzemhando yepamusoro. Kuti aite kuti zvirongwa zvake zvibudirire, aifanira kushandisa mari yaakanga akwereta. Uye ndakatengesa mbatatisi itsva dzandakakohwa kusvikira ndabhadhara zvikwereti zvangu. Kubva ipapo, ndanga ndakamirira kuti mutengo wezvigadzirwa uwedzere, nekuti kutengesa iko zvino kunoreva kutyora. Ndinofunga kuti mutengo we tubers hauzove wakafanana negore rapfuura. Asi ndinotarisira kuti muchirimo ichakwira kusvika kune 18-20 rubles pakirogiramu.
Zvisinei, havasi vose vachakwanisa kumirira mitengo inofadza pasina kurasikirwa. Mapurazi akakohwa zvirimwa munzvimbo dzine mwando wakanyanya akatarisana nerimwe dambudziko. Hunyoro hwakawandisa hwakakanganisa kuchengetedza kunaka kwembatatisi inotumirwa kuchengetwa mumavhoriyamu makuru.
Kusvika kugadzirwa kwakanaka
Varimi vanobva kumatunhu akasiyana vanobvumirana kuti mumwaka mutsva zvakakosha kuderedza nzvimbo ine zvirimwa. Gore rapfuura rakaratidza zvakajeka migumisiro yekuwedzera.
"Kuvakwa kwemabhizinesi akati wandei kwakambomira nekuda kwekubva kwevanotengesa mari kubva kunze kwenyika," anoyeuka kudaro. Alexey Krasilnikov. "Uye zvakadaro isu tinotarisira kuti huwandu hwekugadzirisa panosvika 2024 huchave hunosvika mamirioni maviri ematani emachubhu pagore. Mafekitari ekugadzirwa kweFrench fries uye starch achakurumidza kuonekwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeRussia, semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzeKaliningrad, Lipetsk, Tula neMoscow. Kuburikidza nekuitwa kwemapurojekiti akadai, zvinokwanisika kubvisa yakawandisa zvinhu pamusika, izvo zvichabatsira kuchengetedza pundutso yevarimi vekurima padanho rakanaka.
“Gore radarika takarima mahekita makumi matatu emachipisi embatatisi,” vanodaro Alexey Mikheev. - Kukohwa kwakaguma, kupfuura matani 700, kwakatengeswa pakarepo nemutengo unonzwisisika, uye machubhu ose, kutanga kubva ku35 mm, akatengeswa. Isu takafadzwa nemugumisiro uye ticharamba tichivandudza nzvimbo iyi. Musika weRussia hausati wazara nembatatisi yekugadzirisa. Iko kudiwa kwayo kunoramba kwakakwirisa, chiri chokwadi chimwe chinhu chekutora mukana nacho.
“Mugove wembatatisi dzemachipisi muminda yedu wasvika pazvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana, asi tinoda kuwedzera kusvika pamakumi mashanu,” anogovera zvirongwa zvake. Evgeniy Saratov. - Kwegore rechipiri ikozvino, zvigadzirwa zvakapihwa kune yakakura Western kambani inoshanda muRussia. Mitengo ye chip mbatatisi yakanyanya kunaka pane yekudya mbatatisi, uye ini ndinoona tarisiro huru mukuwedzera kugadzirwa kwavo. Kana tichitaura pamusoro pehupfumi hwese, basa rinoramba richivandudza kushanda pamatanho ese ebasa raro.
“Tinovavarira budiriro, kudyara mari mukugadzira, kugadzira mabasa matsva, kuvandudza zvivakwa zvedunhu redu,” anosimbisa Andrey Aymetov.– Mwaka wapera, kuvakwa kwakatanga pane imwe nzvimbo yekuchengetedza matani ane zviuru zvitatu, uko mari yose iripo yakatungamirirwa. Isu tine yedu yekuronga mutsara, asi isu tinofanirwawo kugadzira hunyanzvi hwekutanga kugadzirisa uye kurongedza, izvo zvinoda mari yakakosha mari. Chinangwa chedu ndechekupinda mumaketani ezvitoro nezvigadzirwa zvedu uye kupinda muzvibvumirano zvenguva refu navo. Nechinangwa ichi, mubatanidzwa uri kugadzirwa unozobatanidza mabhizinesi akati wandei uye uchabvumira kutengeswa kwembatatisi zvakarongeka uye zvakarongeka.
Pakupera kwaMbudzi 2022, Rosstat yakaburitsa data nezve census yezvekurima yakaitwa gore rapfuura. Zvigumisiro zvaro zvakaratidza kuti, kana tichienzanisa ne2016, nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatisi pamapurazi ega yakaderera kubva pamiriyoni imwe kusvika kune mazana mashanu ezviuru zvehekita.
"Kuramba kwevagari kurima zvirimwa kunovhura tarisiro yakanaka kune chikamu chezvekutengesa," ndine chokwadi. Alexey Krasilnikov.– Uye kana maitiro aya akaenderera mberi, varimi vanozokwanisa kuwedzera mavhoriyamu ekugadzira vasingatyi kuwedzeredza kwemusika uye kushomeka kwezvigadzirwa.
Kudonha kwemitengo yembatatisi pakupera kwemwaka wa2022 kwakauya sechishamiso chizere kune vakawanda. Mamiriro acho anogona kuzvidzokorora mwaka uno, saka kutorwa kwematanho matsva ekutsigira nyika kwakanakira.
Musi waNdira 1, 2023, chirongwa chemubatanidzwa "Kukudziridzwa kwemuriwo uye mbatatisi kukura" chakatanga kushanda. Inofungidzira kuwedzera makumi maviri muzana mukugadzirwa kwetuber muchikamu chakarongeka panosvika 2030. Zvichida rubatsiro rweRuble ruchaonekwa pakupera kwemwaka unotevera, uye varimi vachave nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvekutaura pamusoro pekukunda uye kubudirira.
Irina Berg