Sergey Banadysev, Chiremba wekurima zveSainzi, Musoro wechirongwa chekupfuya cheDoka-Gene Technologies LLC
Ichi chinyorwa chidimbu chipfupi kubva kuS. Banadisev "Kuchengetwa kwembeu mbatatisi", iyo yakabuda muchidimbu chidiki mwedzi miviri yapfuura.
Iri bhuku rinopfupisa uye rinoongorora ruzivo rwemazuva ano rwepasirese nezve izvo chaizvo uye nheyo dzedzidziso, matekinoroji epamberi uye anovimbisa ekuchengetedza mbeu mbatatisi. Izvo zviyero uye maficha ekushandiswa kweakasiyana matekinoroji nzira uye nzira dzekuona yakanyanya kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvakasimbiswa. Kurudziro yekubvisa matambudziko panguva yekuchengetedza inopihwa. Iko kugona kwehupfumi uye kudzoka kwekudyara mune epamberi-kwenguva refu matekinoroji akaongororwa.
Iri bhuku richabatsira kune wese munhu anofarira mumusoro wekuronga kuchengetedza mbatatisi. Sokunyora kunoita munyori: "Kunzwisisa kwenyanzvi kwemisoro uye nyanzvi dzemabhizinesi ekurima mbatatisi eema nuances ekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwehunyanzvi hwazvino tekinoroji nzira inopa kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehunhu hwembeu mbatatisi uye nhanho yekugadzirwa kwembeu yemazamu."
Vhoriyamu yebhuku iri mapeji makumi maviri nemaviri.
Zviri Mukati:
1.Physico-biological maficha nemaitiro panguva yekuchengeterwa kwembeu mbatatisi (mapeji 6-69): kukosha kwehunhu hwembeu mbatatisi, mbatatisi sechinhu chekuchengetera, dzidziso dzekutetesa mbatatisi yekuchengetedza, muviri wezera rembeu.
2. Matekinoroji ekuchengetera mbeu yembatatisi (mapeji 70-171): kugadzirirwa kwemidziyo yembeu yekuchengetera, mashandiro emhepo anofefetera, kutonhora kwehunyanzvi, humidification uye kudziya kwemhepo, kudzora kumera uye kumera, mashandiro ehunyanzvi.
3. Kubudirira kwekuchengetwa kwembeu mbatatisi (map. 172-281): njodzi uye kudzora kwematambudziko ekuchengetedza, hosha uye kukuvara kwematombo panguva yekuchengetedza, hutsanana hwekuchengetedza, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hwekuchengetedza, economics yekuchengetedza.
Kuwedzera humidification yemhepo haifanire kushandiswa pakuchengeta mbeu yemazamu Mbatatari tubers, kushandisa kufema uye kunonoka kwemvura kuzororo, gadzira ingangoita yakakwana mwando mweya humhu munzvimbo yepakati - 92-93%. Zvakare, izvi zviratidziro zvakanyorwa mukukora kwemakomba chaizvo 7-10 maminetsi mushure mekumira kwekushomeka kwemhepo, uye kungochinja zvishoma pasi pesimba remhepo mwando yekuchengetera imba (pakadzika 0,4-0,5 m pakushambidzika yunifomu pamwe nehurefu hwembambo). Nekudaro, isu tinogona kutaura nezvekuzvidzora-yega yehumhu hutongi panguva yekuchengetedza matapiri.
Saizvozvo, kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge waita basa nekukwanisa kuita nemhepo yakaringana, zvinofanirwa kutora nzvimbo iyi uye kwete kupindira nezvigadzirwa zvemiti yekufema kuratidza kwavo kwechero zvivakwa, uku uchiona kuchengetedzwa kubva pesimba rekunze uye nekuchengetedza tembiricha inonzwika tembiricha. Kuenderera mberi kwemhepo nemhepo yakaoma kuchaita, hongu, kunotungamira kurasika kwemvura kusingadiwe kubva mumatubhu uye kurasikirwa kweturgor (Tab. Poshi). Munguva yese yekuchengetera nguva, kunze kwekuomesa nguva, kufefetedza kunofanirwa kuitwa chete sezvazvinodiwa, zvakanyanyisa.
Tafura 1. Kurasikirwa kwemvura nemapatatari tubers ane mweya wakasiyana siyana uye mwando wakasiyana wemhepo wakashandiswa
Unyoro hwemhepo 90% | Unyoro hwemhepo 75% | |
35 | 0.047 | 0.097 |
70 | 0.093 | 0.192 |
105 | 0.138 | 0.286 |
Nguva yenguva yekuchengetera, apo hunyoro hwakawandisa husingadi kubviswa kubva mumatubhu, mwedzi mitanhatu (kubva munaNovember kusvika Kubvumbi). Aya maawa 4320. Kune ese mabasa, akajairwa mweya nguva haapfuure mazana maviri emaawa. Kunyangwe kana chiyero ichi chikapetwa kaviri, zvinobva zvaitika kuti 200% yenguva iyo chigadzirwa chekuchengetedza chiri pazororo, zvinoreva kuti chiri mumamiriro ehunhu hwakanaka uye hwakanaka hunyoro hwakagadzirwa nemapatatisi pachawo. Naizvozvo, kunyangwe uchishandisa mweya wakaomeswa wemhepo kufefetera, iyo yekuremerwa kurasikirwa inowedzera neinosvika 90%.. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuitisa zvikamu zvekufefetedza kwenguva pfupi.
Inofanirawo kunzwisiswa kuti mwando wemhepo uri pamusoro pe80% unofadza uye hauendese kupera mvura mumidziyo ine mweya wemhepo wenguva pfupi. Unyoro hwemhepo panguva yekuchengeterwa kwembatatisi munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeRussian Federation hachisi chakakomba - 75-88% (Tab. 2) uye inofananidzwa nemhepo mwando munzvimbo dzekuchengetera muCentral Germany.
tafura 2 . Avhareji pamwedzi hama mweya mwando,%
Nharaunda | |||||||||
september | Gumiguru | November | Zvita | january | february | march | april | May | |
Kaliningrad nharaunda. | 82 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 85 | 84 | 80 | 75 | 72 |
Leningrad nharaunda. | 81 | 84 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 78 | 72 | 65 |
Dunhu reSmolensk | 83 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 77 | 71 |
Dunhu reMoscow | 80 | 85 | 85 | 85 | 84 | 81 | 77 | 69 | 66 |
Nharaunda yeBryansk | 77 | 83 | 88 | 88 | 86 | 84 | 82 | 73 | 66 |
Lipetsk nharaunda | 71 | 80 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 72 | 60 |
Sverdlovsk dunhu. | 76 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 78 | 75 | 74 | 67 | 58 |
Germany nzvimbo. | 79 | 82 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 85 | 79 | 76 | 73 |
Nei uku kuenzanisa? Ichokwadi ndechekuti nyanzvi dzeGerman mundima yekuchengetera mbatatisi dzinoona zvisina kukodzera kushandisa hunyoro hwekuwedzera pakuchengeta tafura uye, zvakare, mbatatisi yembeu. Uye ivo havana kana kukurukura nezvenyaya ye hydration. Zviri pahwaro hwemamiriro ekunze anowanikwa ayo anobvumidza kushandiswa kwemhepo yekunze ine hunyoro hwakakwana hwemhepo yekufefetera. Husiku, hunyoro hwemhepo hunyoro muchirimo nematsutso hunokwira ne20% zvichienzaniswa nemasikati, munguva yechando, pakadzika tembiricha - ne10%Tab. Poshi).
Tafura 3. Humwe hunyoro hwemhepo panguva yemasikati panguva yekuchengeterwa kwembatatisi,% (iri pakati chikamu cheGerman)
Sep | Gumiguru | Asi ini. | Zvita | Ndira | Kukadzi | Kurume | Kubvumbi | |
1 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 85 | 85 |
3 | 90 | 89 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 86 |
5 | 91 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 |
7 | 89 | 90 | 88 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 87 |
9 | 79 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 87 | 87 | 82 | 77 |
11 | 69 | 74 | 81 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 74 | 69 |
13 | 64 | 69 | 77 | 81 | 80 | 77 | 69 | 64 |
15 | 63 | 69 | 79 | 82 | 80 | 77 | 68 | 62 |
17 | 67 | 75 | 84 | 85 | 83 | 81 | 71 | 64 |
19 | 78 | 83 | 85 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 77 | 71 |
21 | 85 | 86 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 86 | 82 | 79 |
23 | 87 | 88 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 87 | 84 | 83 |
Iwo mukana wemhepo yakanyorovera yekufefetera mweya kuGerman inopfuura 30%. kwakadaro kwakadzama nguva yenguva yezuva nemhepo mwando 91-100% (Tab. 4)
Tafura ye4. Mukana wenguva nehumwe hunyoro,% (pakati peGerman)
Humidity yehukama,% | Mwedzi | |||||||
Sep | Gumiguru | Asi ini. | Zvita | Ndira | Kukadzi | Kurume | Kubvumbi | |
Kusvikira 50 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 12 |
51-60 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 10 |
61-70 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 13 |
71-80 | 16 | 16 | 19 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 15 |
81-90 | 22 | 26 | 33 | 36 | 35 | 32 | 25 | 21 |
91-100 | 33 | 37 | 37 | 40 | 38 | 38 | 30 | 29 |
Iko hakuna ruzivo rwakadai kumatunhu eRussian Federation munzvimbo yeruzhinji, asi matafura akaburitswa ekuverengera kwemazuva ayo humhutu hunodarika 80%. Munharaunda yemahombekombe yeKaliningrad panguva yekuchengetera, idzi nhamba dziri mumatanho e10-22, mudunhu rakakura reSverdlovsk dunhu - mazuva 4-18 pamwedzi (zvimwe muchando, zvishoma muna Kubvumbi-Chivabvu). Uye iyi avhareji yemazuva ese, mutsauko uripo pakati pehusiku neusiku hunyoro hunyoro unonzwisisika. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nekutonga chaiko kwekushanda kweCAB, zviwanikwa zvehunhu hwemhepo humhepo zvakaringana kufefetedza nzvimbo dzekuchengetera mbatatisi.
Kana, pasi pesimba rekushambadzira kubva kune vanopa zvekushandisa uye kana uchiongorora zviratidzo izvi, pachine chishuwo chekuisa humidifiers mukuchengetedza mbeu yembatatisi, saka isu tinogona chete kukurudzira kuti iwe unyatsoongorora mamiriro ekuvandudza kwezvirwere zvekuchengetedza uye enzanisa nenjodzi dzekurasikirwa nechikamu chimwe chehuremu uye kurasikirwa nemhando yembeu.
Iyo mwero wemhepo hunyoro muchitoro haufanire kumutsa kugadzirwa kwemanyoro mukati memukati memadziro uye pamusoro pechigadzirwa. Humidified mweya inofanira kunge iine tembiricha pazasi peye tembiricha yemumvuri usati wapinda mairi, kuitira kuti pasave nemhepo. Kugadzirira nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu zvine humidifiers muRussia zvinotungamira kune zvakasangana mhedzisiro, nekuti munguva yechando kune akanyanya kudzikira mweya tembiricha kupfuura kuWestern Europe. Semuenzaniso, avhareji tembiricha yaNdira kuGerman ndeye -1,2о C, uye mudunhu reSverdlovsk -16,2оС. Panzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakadzika uye tembiricha yakaderera, chimiro chekuchengetedza, mweya uri mukuchengetedza kana icho chigadzirwa pachacho chinowanzotonhora pazasi penzvimbo yedova, zvichikonzera kudzikama. Kukanganiswa kweiyo condensation kwakakwirira uye kwakaenzana nekudzikira uremu. Naizvozvo, kudzora kwemuganhu wepamusoro wekuzadza mweya nehunyoro, pova yedova, kuenzana kwetembiricha muhukuru hwezvigadzirwa uye nekukomberedza zviri pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha mukuwedzera kugona kwekuchengetedza. Iko kushandiswa kwe humidification kwakakosha pakuchengeta matekinoroji ehunyanzvi pane tembiricha yakakwira, asi mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu zvinotenderwa chete munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakachengetedzwa zvakanaka nekwanisi yekudzora tembiricha mukati meyakajeka renji pazasi pe0,5 ° C. Izvo hazvina kukodzera kushandisa hunyoro kana uchichengeta mbeu mbatatisi uye yakawanda yetafura mbatatari ine njodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere.