Nzvimbo yedunhu: zviuru zvina makumi mairiuru mamaira. km
Kuwanda kwevanhu: 1068934 vanhu, vanopfuura 41% vanogara kumaruwa.
Nzvimbo: iyo inzvimbo iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kwenzvimbo yepakati dema yepasi, iri panopindirana njanji dzakakosha uye migwagwa inozvibatanidza neRussia yepakati, nharaunda yeVolga, maodzanyemba uye kumadokero kwenyika.
Mamiriro ekunze: kupisa kwakawanda makondinendi, avhareji January tembiricha iri -10,2 ° C, Chikunguru + 19,4 ° C, mwaka wokukura uri mazuva 189, kunaya kwemvura kwegore negore kunobva 322 kusvika 807 mm.
Runyararo: bani rezasi nebani rakakura senge mazana mashanu emamita pamusoro pegungwa.
Hydrography: dzinenge 1400 nzizi dzinoyerera mudunhu. Chikuru chavo (kupfuura 200 km kureba): Tsna, Vorona, Bityug, Voronezh uye Savala. Uye zvakare, anenge 900 ezvokuchengetedza matumba ane huwandu hwemvura hwakakwana hwemakumi mashanu neshanu,534,5 m3 ari mudunhu iri. Inonyanya kukosha (ine huwandu hwemvura hwemamiriyoni mashanu kusvika gumi nematatu m5): Shushpanskoye, Chelnavskoye, Kershinskoye, Yaroslavl.
Pasi rehomwe yenzvimbo yacho: 3,4 miriyoni mahekita. Ivhu rekurima rinotora mahekita 2,7 miriyoni mahekita (78,9%). Arable land account ye 2,1 miriyoni mahekita (80,7%), ivhu dema rakunda (87% yemapurazi). Ivhu rakaorera rinoonekwa nenzira yakakodzera hupfumi hukuru hwenzvimbo iyi. 0,5 mamirimita mahekita (18,2%) anogarwa neuswa masango nemafuro, 1,1% ndeyekudya kwemasango.
Nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekusimudzira
Zvekurima ndiyo inotungamira chikamu chehupfumi hwedunhu; mugove wayo muchigadzirwa chakawanda chedunhu chiri pamusoro pe17% Mukukura kwezvirimwa, kuedza kukuru kwevarimi kunoitirwa kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa, kuvandudza mhando yavo kuburikidza nekuunzwa kwemhando dzakanyatsoshanda uye kushandiswa kwakazara kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano yekuchengetedza zviwanikwa.
Kunyanya kutarisa kunobhadharwa kune tekinoroji uye tekinoroji yekugadzirisa zvakare zvigadzirwa zvekurima, zvichikurudzira kukura kwemafomu madiki ekutarisira, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko munharaunda mumaruwa.
Chimwe chezvirimwa zvakanyanya kudunhu iri mbatatisi. Mudunhu reTambov, 5,4% mbatatisi yakakura kubva mukugadzirwa kwakazara muCentral Federal District.
Parizvino, masangano ezvekurima ari kuwedzera acreage yematatisi uye miriwo. Kudiridza kuri kuwedzera kuve kuchiunzwa mukugadzirwa, uye zvimanje zvekuchengetera mbatatisi uye miriwo zviri kuvakwa.
Zvakanakira 2014
Mumakore mashanu apfuura, nzvimbo yakasimwa mbatatisi mumasangano ezvekurima mudunhu reTambov yakakura zvakanyanya: kubva pa2,8 zviuru mahekita muna 2010 kusvika zviuru zvina mahekita muna 4,9. Iyo nzvimbo yakazara pasi pemapatatisi mumapoka ese emapurazi yakasvika zviuru makumi matatu nezvitatu.
Kukohwewa kukuru kwe mbatatisi muna 2014 mumasangano ezvekurima uye varimi (varimi) mapurazi edunhu reTambov anosvika matani zviuru zana nemakumi matanhatu nemavhiki goho remakumi maviri neshanu c / ha. Izvi zviratidzo zvakakomba kune varimi mudunhu. Nekudaro, muna 125, goho rakakura kwazvo rembatatisi mumubhadharo wezvemari rakangoita zviuru gumi nezvitatu ematani, muna 208,3 - 2010 zviuru zvematani. Pakazara, mudunhu gore rapfuura mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu nemairi ematani akakohwewa ne16,3 t / ha (tafura 1).
Mune mamwe mapurazi, goho rakanga richisvika mazana matatu c / ha. Semuenzaniso, matani gumi nematanhatu nemazana manomwe nemakumi matatu emapoto akakohwewa kuTambov Farms LLC nenzvimbo ye 300 ha pakukohwewa 392 c / ha. Agro-Yurievo LLC nenzvimbo ine mahekita 12 akagadzira matani 748 embatatisi ine goho 325,2 c / ha.
Izvo zvakakoshesa kucherechedza kuwedzera kwenzvimbo inokura mbatatisi mumasangano ezvekurima uye K (F) X. Kwemakore mana (kubva 2011 kusvika 2014), yakakura ne77%, kubva pa 3,4 zviuru mahekita muna 2011 kusvika 6,0 zviuru mahekita muna 2014.
Dunhu rubatsiro
Iko kutungamira kwedunhu kunogadzira mamiriro eanorongeka uye emari mamiriro ekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwekurima. Kuita izvi, Dhipatimendi rekurima reTambov Dunhu rakagadzira chirongwa "chakakosha chehupfumi chekusimudzira mbatatisi nemiriwo kukura kwevhu rakavhurika uye rakachengetedzwa muTambov Region" yegore ra2015.
Kuitwa kwechirongwa ichi kunozobvumidza kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwembatatisi mumasangano ezvekurima nemapurazi evarombo anosvika zviuru zana nemakumi mashanu nezviuru zana nematanhatu mumakore matatu; nzvimbo yakadyarwa - anosvika zviuru mazana manomwe nezviuru.
Chirongwa ichi chinopa rubatsiro rwekudzorera chimwe chikamu chemitengo kuvarimi vekurima uye mapurazi ekutenga maturakiti matsva nemidziyo yekurima yekugadzira mbatatisi uye miriwo yakavhurika yemunda, kutengwa kwemidziyo mitsva yekuchengetera, kufambisa, kusekesa-nguva-kurongedza, kurongedza miriwo nembatatisi, uye kutengwa kwemidziyo yembeu yakabikwa.
Logistics
Varimi mudunhu vanoteerera zvakanyanya kusangano revanokwanisa nekuchengetedza zvakanaka mbatatisi. Saka, mukambani yemushoma yakadzika Green Valley Michurinsky dunhu kugona kwekuchengetedza kwemazuva ano ndeye zviuru makumi matanhatu nezviuru zvematani.
LLC "Tambov mapurazi" Staroyuryevsky dunhu - ipurazi rinogadzira kugadzirwa kwembatatisi yekugadzira machipisi - ine nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinokwanisa matani zviuru gumi nezviviri.
LLC Agro-Yurievo Staroyuryevsky dunhu, ine basa mukugadzira ware mbatatisi uye miriwo, ine nazvino zvitatu zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo ine huwandu hwakakwana hwematani zviuru gumi.
Muna 2013, imba yemazuva ano yekuchengetedza mbatat yakavakwa ikapihwa mutoro mukati LLC Agrofirm Zhupikov Sosnovsky dunhu rematani gumi nemaviri.
Kubudirira kusimudzira mbatatisi inokura hazvigoneke pasina sangano rekutengesa pakati mbatatisi pamwe nekuwedzera kwaro mumusika. Pane izvi, dhipatimendi rinotarisana "Chirongwa chakakosha chezvematunhu chekusimudzira nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu (Wholesale pamwe nekuparadzira) nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, pre-kutengesa kutengesa nekutengesa mbatatisi nemiriwo mudunhu reTambov" yegore 2014-2016.
Chinangwa chechirongwa ichi kugadzira mamiriro ekugadzira chirongwa chakabatana chekutenga, kuchengetedza, kurongedza kutengesa nekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima kuwedzera kukwikwidza kwamabhizinesi ezvekurima emuno.
Kusvika pane izvi, mabasa anotevera anotarisirwa: kugadzirwa kweneti yemashopu ezvitoro uye nzvimbo dzese dzekugovera yekutengesa zvigadzirwa zvekurima, pamwe nehunyanzvi nehunyanzvi hwekuita zvehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvekurima.
Ichi chirongwa chinoronga kuzadzisa zvinotevera zvabuda:
- kuvandudza mararamiro uye mari yevagari vekumaruwa, kuchengetedza iripo nekugadzira mabasa matsva;
- kuwedzera hunyanzvi hwekugadzira mbatata nemiriwo;
- kukura mukukohwa kukuru kwematatisi uye miriwo nemhando diki dzekutarisira: kubva pamatani zviuru gumi nembiri muna 12,1 kusvika 2013 zviuru zvematani muna 19,4 (gore iro Chirongwa rinopera).
Chirongwa ichi chinopa rubatsiro rwekudzorera chimwe chikamu chemitengo kune varimi vekurima kuvaka, kuvaka patsva, zvemazuva ano uye zvehunyanzvi kudzoreredza zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo (yezvizere uye yekugovera) nzvimbo; kuwanikwa kwemichina yekushandisa yekuchengetera, kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zvakachengetwa, kurongedza, kupatsanura tsvina, kurongedza, kurongedza, kurongedza, firiji (yekudziya) zvishandiso zvekutanga kuchinjira (kutonhora) uye inotevera kuchengetwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemiriwo nemapatata; kutenga zvishandiso nemuchina wekurima kuti zvishongedze nzvimbo (yezvizere uye yekugovera) nzvimbo nemidziyo nemishini yekufambisa uye kuburitsa.
Advanced mapurazi
Company LLC "Kornev Boka".
Munguva yechando ya2010, pfungwa yakazvarwa nekugadzira nzvimbo yekurima mudunhu reTambov, inokwanisa kupa dunhu nenzvimbo dzakapoteredzana nemagadheni anonakirwa uye anodhura, pamwe nekuunza mabasa matsva anobhadharwa nevagari.
Maitiro ekuvandudza akatorwa senzira yekubudirira kwakanyanya. Zvinoreva kuvapo kwebhangi rakakura, rinogara richikura, kuiswa kwenzira dzinoshanda kwazvo dzekutarisa nekurima ivhu, uye kuisa mari pazvinhu zvinobatsira uye zvinobatsira mukugadzira.
Saka sangano rakadaidzwa Green Valleyyakazobatanidzwa muboka reMakambani LLC "Kornev Boka". Mugore rekutanga kushanda, mahekita mazana matatu nemazana matatu evhu risingabatsiri bhizinesi CJSC Privolie rakawanikwa, zvikepe zvezvishandiso zvemazuva ano zvekurima kubva kumakambani anotungamira eEurope zvakaumbwa, uye nzvimbo yekuchengetedza mbatatisi yematani zviuru zvina zvematani zvakagadzirwa. Muna 3, basa rekuvandudza nekuvakazve rakatanga, pamwe nekutanga kusimudzira kutenderera kwenzvimbo mbatatisi uye nezvimwe zvirimwa zvekurima. Muna 500, mbatatisi storages yemakumi matanhatu ematani matani ezve zvigadzirwa zvakapera zvave kutoita basa iri; Zviuru zviviri zvematani yemichero mudura yakagadzirirwa nemidziyo yemafiriji; Mutsetse wekurongedza mbatatisi yakaoma uye miriwo yakatangwa. Pakazosvika Nyamavhuvhu 4000, ivhu remahara rakanga rakwira neanopfuura zviuru gumi. Mukudonha kwa 2011, nzvimbo inosimudza matani zviuru makumi maviri zvezviyo yakawedzerwa kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, pamwe netsetse wekushambidza, kusaga, kuchemedza uye kurongedza mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutakurisa mbatatisi uye miriwo. Pakazosvika 2012, iyo chiyero chepasi chakawedzera kusvika 60 ha.
Kwemakore matatu ekukura kwayo kwakakura, kambani yakagadzira hukama hwakasimba nevatengi vakadai seCJSC Tander, X5 Retail Group, Metro Cash & Carry, Dixy Group, Auchan, Smart Velho, CJSC Frito lay Manufacturing, Farm Frites Belaya Dacha LLC , makambani ekugadzirwa kwemiriwo yakaomeswa pasi pechinyorwa "4 Season", "Paints of Summer", etc. Vakavandudza nekunyoresa zvavo zvigadzirwa: "Kornev", "Tambov Potato" uye "BorshchOv".
Muna 2014, maneja wekambani akafunga kuunza gadziriso yemhando yepamusoro maererano ne ISO 9001: 2008. Mhedzisiro yebasa iri yakave yekugamuchira retifiketi yenyika dzepasirese kubva kune yekuGerman chitupa chechiremera TueV NORD, iyo inopa chivimbo kune vanobatana nekambani uye vatengi mukubatana kwakasimba uye kunaka kwezvinhu zvavo.
Muna 2014, nzvimbo yekurima mbatatisi kuKornev Group LLC yakasvika 2 mahekita. Goho rakakura kusvika pamatani makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi maviri nematanhatu.
LLC Agrofirm Zhupikov - hombe yekurima inobata mudunhu reTambov, rine mabasa makuru ekurima zviyo, nyemba, mbatatisi, mukaka uye kugadzirwa kwenyama. Iyo yekurima yemhando yepamusoro-inobereka matapiri emhando yepamusoro ndeimwe yemabasa ekutanga ekambani yekurima.
Mukudonha kwa 2013, purazi yakapa basa rekuchengetera mbatatisi ine huwandu hwekuchengetedza matani gumi nemaviri. Yekunze ventilation system yekambani yeDutch Agrovent uye yekuwacha uye nekurongedza mutsara wekambani yeItaly Sorma yakaiswa panzvimbo iyi. Mugore rimwe chete, yekutanga kuiswa mbatatisi ware ine nzvimbo ye12 mahekita yakagadzirwa. Goho remichero yemuriwo uyu muna 180 raive makumi matatu nevaviri t / ha.
Muna 2014, nzvimbo yekudyara mbatatisi yakawedzerwa kusvika pa360 ha. Paaya, mahekita mazana maviri aive pasi pekudiridzira. Kukohwa kwakakura muna 200 kwakasvika matani 2014. 8% yedzese mbatatisi dzakasimwa yaive mhando dzembatatisi, iyo yasara 576% - mhando dzekudya dzematato. Pakati pembeu iyi panewo vepamusoro mbeu kubva kuGerman.
Mbatatadzo dzakakura dzeSRV "Agrofirm" Zhupikov "inotengesa muTambov, Volgograd, Voronezh, Ryazan, Moscow, Rostov matunhu.
Muna 2015, yakarongwa kuwedzera nzvimbo iri pasi pemapoto kusvika kumahekita 500. Izvo zvirongwa zvinosanganisirawo kupa anodiridza enzvimbo yese yekudyara.
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, chirimwa chakabatanidzwa chekurima chirimwa chave chichigadzira zvirimwa zvakabikwa. “Ivo. Lenin, LLC MFP Niva Tambov mudunhu, LLC "Vesta" Photosevsky mudunhu, LLC State Farm Sukhotinsky Znamensky dunhu, LLC Victoria, Muchkap dunhu, etc.
Pamusoro pemasangano makuru ezvekurima, mbatatisi zvakare inodyarwa nevarimi (varimi) dzimba, dzakadai se: KFh "Electron", KFh "White Cells", FE mukuru weKFH Borisov NN, FE Skvortsov, FE Mmagin, FE mukuru weKFH Yumashev AA, KFH Zelenov uye vamwe.
Migumisiro
Zviri raiti kutaura kuti nharaunda yeTambov inogutsa zvizere zvido zvemumba mbatatisi uye inokwanisa kupa gohwo rakawedzerwa kune mamwe matunhu enyika mune huwandu hwakakura.