Dunhu renharaunda: 39.6 zviuru sq. km
Vagari: 1 135 438 vanhu, vacho 71.25% vanogara mumaguta.
Nzvimbo:
iyo nharaunda iri pakati pechikamu cheEuropean chikamu cheRussia, iri chikamu cheCentral Federal District neCentral Economic Region yeRussian Federation.
Mamiriro ekunze: zvine mwero kondinendi.
Ivhareji tembiricha muna Ndira ndeye 10 ° C, muna Chikunguru + 20 ° C. Ivhareji yemvura yekunaya pagore ndeye 500 mm (25-30% muchimiro chechando).
Nzvimbo yekurima nzvimbo: 2323,3 zviuru mahekita, kusanganisira ivhu rinorimwa - 1468,1 zviuru mahekita. Sekureva kwaRyazanstat, nzvimbo yakadyarwa muzvikamu zvese zvemapurazi muna 2014 yaisvika 811,3 zviuru mahekita, inova 4,0% yakaderera pane yegoho ra2013.
Mbatatisi ndicho chigadzirwa icho chatinofanira kuwedzera kugona kwedu kwekutengesa kunze!
Kubvunzana neGurukota rezvekurima uye Chikafu cheiyo Ryazan Dunhu Boris Viktorovich Shemyakin.
- Boris Viktorovich, iyo nzvimbo yeRyazan yakagara ichizivikanwa nemapatatisi ayo muRussia yese. Tiudze zvishoma nezve "nhoroondo yembatatisi" yenharaunda.
- Agroclimatic mamiriro uye nzvimbo yenzvimbo yenharaunda yeRyazan inofanirwa kugadzira mbatatisi. Iyo nharaunda yakagara iri mutengesi weware mbatatari kune makuru maindasitiri nzvimbo uye kuchamhembe kwenyika. Goho rakakura kwazvo rembatatari rakawanikwa kumashure muna1975 uye rakasvika chiuru chiuru nemazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu ematani. Ipapo nzvimbo yakadyarwa yaive 1750 zviuru mahekita, kusanganisira mumapurazi ehurumende uye - epasi zviuru gumi neguru, kunyanya mumakore aya, chete nzvimbo yeBryansk yakadyara uye yakaburitsa mbatatisi munyika. Neshanduko yekudyidzana pamusika, nzvimbo yakadyarwa matapiri yakaderera zvakanyanya, mapurazi ehukama akazova varimi vakuru. Nekudaro, mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekukwezva kwekudyara, kwave paine shanduko kune chaiyo nhanho nyowani yekugadzira.
- Unogona sei kuratidza hunhu hwekusimudzira mbatatisi inokura mudunhu ikozvino?
- Iyo Ryazan dunhu inzvimbo inozvimiririra maererano nemhando huru dzechikafu. Nhasi, kugadzirwa kwembatatisi kwakapetwa ka2,5 pane kudyiwa.
Muna 2014, nzvimbo yakadyarwa muzvikamu zvese zvemapurazi yaisvika 25,7 zviuru mahekita, angangoita 20% - nzvimbo yemabhizimusi ekurima nemapurazi, uko mbatatisi dzinonyanya kurimwa uchishandisa matekinoroji emazuva ano. Zvishandiso zvepamusoro-soro, zvicherwa zvemaminerari, zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvinoshandiswa pano, shanduko dzakasiyana siyana uye kumutsiridza kwakasiyana kunoitwa nenzira inokodzera. Naizvozvo, pane musiyano wakakura mukubudirira uchienzaniswa nezvivakwa zvemhuri zvakazvimiririra: muna 2014, goho mudzimba dzevamwe raive 142 c / ha, mumabhizinesi ezvekurima - 195 c / ha.
Kwatiri, aya mashoma manhamba: goho rembatatari mwaka wadarika rakakanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze muna Nyamavhuvhu, apo panguva yekukura kwekushanduka kwematubers paive nekushomeka kwehunyoro uye kwakanyanya kutonhora kwakanyanya. Asi michina yemazuva ano inoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikisira mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka. Muenzaniso weiyi LLC "AgroSoyuzSpassk", iko kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yazvino uye kudiridza kwakaita kuti zvikwanisike kuunganidza anopfuura zviuru gumi nezvitanhatu zvematani emhando yepamusoro mbatatisi, goho rakapfuura 19 c / ha yekudiridza.
Nhasi kurima mbatatisi uye kugadzirwa kwemiriwo ndeimwe yemabasa epamberi zvakanyanya mune zvekurima. Pakupera kwegore ra2014, kubatsirwa kwembatatisi mudunhu iri kwakapfuura 40%, uye purofiti yakawedzera kana kana ichienzaniswa na2013. Izvi zvinotsanangura kukwezva kweindasitiri kune vatyairi vanoisa mari kwete chete mukugadzirwa kwemazuva ano kwemadiridziro, asiwo mukugadziriswa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera uye kugadzirira kwekutangisa.
Muna 2015, mapurazi edunhu anoronga kuwedzera nzvimbo ne 0,5 zviuru mahekita, uye nzvimbo yeminda yemadiridziro ichawedzera (kubva pa0,8 kusvika ku1,3 mahekita zviuru).
- Unoronga kugadzira yako yekugadzira mbeu?
- Iri ibasa rakaoma kwazvo. Pakutanga, mashandiro anoshanda anoshanda mudunhu iri: mubatanidzwa wekugadzira Ryazansem-Potato waisanganisira gumi nemaviri mapurazi ehurumende akaburitsa mhodzi dzepamusoro. Iyo network yematunhu semkhozes yakapa zvizere mapurazi ekutengesa nembeu yekubereka.
Mumakore apfuura, varimi vembatatari vakatenga mhodzi dzepamusoro munzvimbo dzeMoscow neSamara, Republic of Belarus, Germany, neNetherlands. Nekudaro, gore rino pahwaro hweSec "Luch" wedunhu reKasimovsky, pachirongwa chemapurazi akati wandei, LLC "MeriKlon" yakasikwa, muzvirongwa zvenguva refu zvekumisikidza kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro mbatatisi muhuwandu hweanosvika zviuru zvinomwe zvematani. Ndinovimba kuti nekufamba kwenguva iro bhizimusi rinozove mutengesi akavimbika wembeu kwete chete kumapurazi embatatisi, asiwo kumapurazi akazvimirira.
- Chii chaungataure nezve zvivakwa zveindasitiri iyi: kusvika papi nharaunda inogoverwa nemazuvano mbatatisi, mitsara yekugadzirira kwekutanga kwembatatisi?
- Musika unoita zvido zvakakwirira pahunhu hwembatatisi uye zvigadzirwa zvemiriwo, pasina hwaro hwazvino hwekuchengetedza uye kugadzirira-kutangisa-kutengesa mwero unodiwa haugone kuzadzikiswa. Makore mashoma apfuura, Gavhuna weRyazan Dunhu, Oleg Kovalev, akaisa basa rekugadzira netiweki yezvivakwa zvemazuvano zvekuchengetera kuti mapurazi agone kuchengeta zvirimwa kusvika muchirimo ozvitengesa nemitengo yakanakisa. Nhasi, mumabhizimusi ekurima uye mumapurazi, iyo yekuchengetera masimba inopfuura 110 zviuru zvematani eimwe-nguva yekuchengetedza. Aya mashopu makumi matanhatu nematatu uye zvitoro zvemiriwo zvisere, izvo zvinove nechokwadi chekuchengetedza kwese chirimwa chakarimwa.
Mazuvano masimba anowanikwa kubva kune vakadaro varairidzi vakakura seAvangard LLC yenharaunda yeRyazan (6 mbatatari storages inokwana matani zviuru gumi), iyo Zavety Ilyicha purazi rakabatana (9 mbatatari storages emamiriyoni zviuru zvina nezviuru matura mazana maviri nezviuru nefriji ichangoburwa midziyo uye kurongedza mutsara) uye pamwe purazi Lenin wedunhu reKasimovsky (3 nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zviuru zvisere zvematani).
Mari dzakakomba dzakakwezva kuti dzigadzire uye dzigadzirise dura rekuchengetedza. Saka, LLC "Agroindustrial economy" Ungor "iri kuita chirongwa chekuvaka chitoro chemiriwo ine firiji uye yekufefetedza michina yemakumi mana nemakumi mashanu ematani muRybnoye, danho rekutanga rematani zviuru mazana manomwe nezviuru zvakatumirwa. Munharaunda yeSpassky, Agrosoyuz-Spassk iri kuvaka chivakwa chekuchengetera uye kwekutanga kugadzirisa matapiri nemiriwo (kurongedza, kukora, kuwacha, kurongedza). Agroholding "Shilovsky" iri kushingaira kugadzira dura rekuchengetera: chirongwa ichi chinopa kuvakwa kwakaomarara kwematani zviuru gumi, zvivakwa zviviri zvekuchengetedza matani zviuru mazana mashanu nezviuru zvakaiswa mukushanda. Mumakore matatu anotevera, kuvakwa kwenzvimbo nyowani dzekuchengetera, kuwedzera uye kugadziridza kwenzvimbo dziripo kwakarongwa neanenge gumi mabhizinesi.
- Kune chero mabhizinesi ekugadzira mbatatisi mu oblast (kana zvirongwa zvekugadzirwa kwavo)?
- Imwe yemabhizinesi ekugadzira mbatatisi emazuva ano munyika anoshanda mudunhu reRyazan
- CJSC Chikafu Fekitori Miloslavsky, iri chikamu cheKuntsevo Trade uye Industrial Group. Chikamu chekutanga chakapihwa muna Ndira 2011. Nhasi michina yakaiswa mubhizinesi inobvumidza kugadzirwa kwemakirogiramu mazana mashanu nemazana mashanu embatatisi paawa, kuchengetedza mbatatisi kwematani zviuru gumi nezvisere kuri kushanda.
Mahwendefa anogadzirwa pasina zvinowedzerwa, aine zvisikwa zvinonaka uye nechando-zvakaomeswa zvigadzirwa. Kugadzirwa kwePC "Miloslavsky" kunotengeswa kuMoscow nedunhu reMoscow, St. Petersburg, Vladimir, Tver, Vologda matunhu, Krasnodar Territory, matunhu eSiberia, Tatarstan, nyika dzepedyo nekure kunze (Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Poland, Belgium, Chile, Brazil, Argentina ). Mune ramangwana, vanoronga kuwedzera hwaro hwekuchengetera mbatatisi ne4,2 nguva uye kugona kwetambo yekugadzirisa kaviri.
Muna 2014, zviuru gumi nemazana mana emazana ematani embatata zvakagadziriswa, chimwe chazvo (16,4 zviuru zvematani) chakagadzirwa pabasa redu rekurima, CJSC Ryazan Potato. Muti wacho wakatenga zvigadzirwa kubva kune mamwe mapurazi mudunhu iri. Kuvapo kweprosesa hombe mudunhu iri kunopa varimi musika wekutengesa, kusanganisira mbatatisi diki.
- Dambudziko rekushandira indasitiri riri kugadziriswa sei?
- Staffing ndiyo inodikanwa mamiriro ekusimudzira kwete chete ekurima mbatatisi, asi iyo yese indasitiri yekurima. Iyo Ryazan State Agrotechnological University inonzi yakapihwa V.I. P.A. Kostychev uye anopfuura gumi nemashanu masekondari akasarudzika masosi ekudzidzisa.
Mumakore maviri apfuura, takaona mafambiro akanaka mukukwezva vechidiki: muna 2014, vanopfuura zana vezvechidiki vechidiki vakauya kuzoshanda kumabhizimusi ezvekurima. Izvi zvinofambiswa nekuitwa kwechirongwa chekusimudzira chekumaruwa, zvinoenderana nekuvakwa kwedzimba (gore rapfuura, kubhadhara kwevanhu munharaunda inosvika kusvika ku100% yemutengo wayo kwakagamuchirwa nemhuri makumi mapfumbamwe nemaviri) uye zvivakwa zvemumusha zviri kuvandudzwa, misha yese yekuumbiridza komputa kuvakwa iri kuvakwa (pane gumi nemashanu acho mudunhu). Kune vechidiki nyanzvi, pane imwechete-nguva (90 rubles) uye pamwedzi mabhenefiti (92 rubles) kwemakore matatu ekutanga ebasa.
Vashandiwo zvavo vema agro-maindasitiri vanofanirwa kunzwa vane chivimbo mune ramangwana, izvi zvinogoneka kana vanhu vachiwana mibairo yakanaka pabasa ravo. Nhasi, mudunhu reRyazan, kukura kwemubairo ndeimwe yemamiriro ekuti mapurazi agamuchire rubatsiro kubva kubhajeti. Nekuda kweiyi nzira, muna 2014 zvaive zvichikwanisika kuwana kuwedzera muvhareji muhoro muindasitiri ne13,9% zvichienzaniswa na2013 (mumasangano ezvekurima akaenzana ne17342 rubles - chiratidzo chakanakira dunhu redu).
- Ndeapi mapurazi anoita mupiro mukuru mukusimudzirwa kwembatatisi iri kurimwa mudunhu?
- Pakati pemapurazi makumi matatu emhando yepamusoro muRussia ipurazi rakabatana rakatumidzwa zita Lenin wedunhu reKasimovsky. Mupiro mukuru mukusimudzirwa kwembatatisi dzinorimwa mudunhu rinoitwa nepurazi rakabatana reKasimovsky Zavety Ilyich, Ryazansky Avangard LLC, Ryazan Potato CJSC mumatunhu eMiloslavsky, pamwe nemapurazi achangoumbwa - AgroSoyuzSpassk LLC uye Agroholding Shilovsky LLC.
- Tiudzei nezvezvirongwa zvemudunhu rekusimukira kwekurimwa kwematatisi. Ndeapi mabasa epakarepo ari kuiswa?
Pamwe purazi rakatumidzwa zita raLenin Kasimovsky dunhu - Nhengo yeRussia Association yeVagadziri veMbatatisi. Inoshandisa matekinoroji eEuropean ekurima, basa rakazara michini (kubva kurima kusvika pakurongedza chirimwa). Nzvimbo iri pasi pembatatari iri mahekita mazana matatu pagore. Muna 320, zviuru zvitanhatu zvematani embatata zvakakohwa pavhareji goho re2014 c / ha. Iyo purazi rakabatana rine yazvino yekuchengetera base, iyo inokutendera iwe kuti uchengete uye utenge goho gore rese. LLC "Avangard" Ryazan nharaunda - imwe yemabhizimusi ekurima akanakisa muCentral Russia. Iyo purazi yakasiyanasiyana: pamwe chete neyechinyakare kurimwa kwemukaka uye kukura kwezvirimwa, kurima mbatatisi uye kurima gadheni kuri kusimukira. Mugore ra2014, nzvimbo yaive pasi pembatatisi yaive mahekita mazana matatu nemakumi maviri nemaviri, mazana masere ezviuru akakohwewa negoho remakumi maviri nematanhatu / c. Iyo purazi inogadzira chikafu uye mbeu mbatatisi. Murimi wemapurazi emhuri yeMansurov muna Klepikovsky muruwa yakatangwa 2007. Kubatanidza sainzi nekudzidzira, kushandiswa kwefetiraiza nemhando yepamusoro yembeu zviri kubereka michero. Pakazosvika 2014, nzvimbo yese yakadyarwa papurazi yaive 370 mahekita, ayo mahekita 140 embatatisi. Yakakohwewa zviuru zvitatu zvematani pamwe negoho re3 c / ha. Mbeu dzembatatisi dzakaburitswa nevarimi hadzidi kushambadza kwakasarudzika - dzinotouya dzichiuya kubva kune mamwe matunhu eRussia. |
- Iyo huru yekuraira kwebasa munguva pfupi iri kutevera ndeye kuwedzera kweacreage uye mavhoriyamu ekugadzira mavhoriyamu, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzemazuva ano, kusanganisira nemubatanidzwa. Isu tinoronga kuwedzera kushingairira kuunza matekinoroji emazuva ano ekurima mbatatisi (kwakanyanya kusimbiswa kunoiswa pakushandiswa kwemikana yekudiridza - zvese mumapurazi makuru uye madiki (mapurazi). isu tinofanirwa kuvaka yedu yekutengesa kunze.
A bit of history
Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, mazana mashanu negumi neshanu ematapiri akarimwa mumusha weKostino, Rivnovsky District, Ryazan Governorate. Iyi kokorodzano yakanyeperwa uye ikawedzeredzwa naNikolai Yakovlevich Nikitinsky, mumwe wevacheche vekutanga vekuRussia, muparidzi akatendeka we "wechipiri mudanga", aifunga kuti yaive mbatatisi yaizoponesa Russia kubva kunzara. Vemunguva vanonzi Nikitinsky "mambo wembatata". Uye zita iri rakange rakakodzera. Ipurazi raishandisa mbeu dzakawanikwa kubva pakuyambuka mhando dzekunze nedzemumba, uye dzakanyepa kune zvisina kunzwikwa goho (kubva pamakumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu poto pagwenzi).
Muna 1920, mbatatisi dzemhando dze "Nikitin" dzakapihwa kukiriniki yeKorenevskaya yakangorongwa padhuze neMoscow (yava kunzi Research Institute of Potato Farming). Aya ndiwo matangiro akaita nhoroondo yekukura kwembatatisi yeSoviet neRyazan mbatatisi.